The Guozijian , ^[1] sometimes translated as the Imperial College , Imperial Academy , Imperial University , National Academy , or National University , ^[2] was the national central institution of higher learning in Chinese dynasties after the Sui dynasty . It was the highest institution of academic research and learning in China 's traditional educational system, with the function of administration of education.

History [ edit ]

Formerly it was called the Taixue ( lit.   ' Imperial University ' ). The Taixue for Gongsheng ( tribute students ) from the populace was part of the Guozijian, along with Guozixue for noble students. The central schools of the Taixue were established as far back as 3 CE, when a standard nationwide school system was established and funded during the reign of Emperor Ping of Han . ^[3] The institution was known as the Guozijian beginning in the Sui dynasty . During the Ming dynasty , the Hongwu Emperor promoted the study of law , math , calligraphy , equestrianism , and archery at the Guozijian. ^[4]

In 1905, the Guozijian was shut down. During the 1898 reform of the Qing dynasty , the education and administrational functions of the Guozijian were mainly replaced by the Imperial Capital University (also translated as Imperial University of Peking), which later became the modern Peking University .

Locations [ edit ]

Guozijian were located in the national capital of each Chinese dynasty, such as Chang'an , Luoyang , Kaifeng , and Hangzhou . In early years of the Ming, the Guozijian was in Nanjing . Afterwards, the Ming had two capitals, so there were two Guozijian: one in Nanjing (which later became Nanjing University ) and one in Beijing . During the Qing dynasty , the Guozijian was in Beijing.

The Beijing Guozijian , located on Guozijian Street in the Dongcheng District , was the imperial college during the Yuan , Ming, and Qing dynasties; most of the current buildings were built during the Ming dynasty. ^[5] It was the last Guozijian in China and the predecessor of Peking University .

Vietnam [ edit ]

In Vietnam, a year after the first Confucian examinations established by Ly Nhan Tong (李仁宗), the Guozijian ( Vietnamese : Qu?c t? giam , ch? Han : 國子監) was built in 1076 on the site of the Temple of Literature . ^[6] It was Vietnam's first university, it lasted from 1076 to 1779. In 1802, the Nguy?n dynasty founded the Hu? capital where they established a new imperial academy in the new capital. Several notable rectors of the Qu?c t? giam in Hanoi were Chu V?n An , Nguy?n Phi Khanh , and V? Mien .

See also [ edit ]

• Academies (Shuyuan)
• Ancient higher-learning institutions
• Peking University
• Nanjing University
• Yuelu Academy (later become Hunan University )

References [ edit ]

Citations [ edit ]

Sources [ edit ]

• Chang, Che-chia. "The Qing Imperial Academy of Medicine: Its institutions and the physicians shaped by them." East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 41.1 (2015): 63?92. online
• Sivin, Nathan. "Science and Medicine in Imperial China--the state of the field." Journal of Asian Studies (1988): 41?90. online
• Yuan, Zheng. "Local Government Schools in Sung China: A Reassessment," History of Education Quarterly (Volume 34, Number 2; Summer 1994): 193–213.