Romanization schemes for Chinese languages
Guangdong Romanization
refers to the four romanization schemes published by the
Guangdong
Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating
Cantonese
,
Teochew
,
Hakka
and
Hainanese
. The schemes utilized similar elements with some differences in order to adapt to their respective spoken varieties.
In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles
pinyin
in its distinction of the
alveolar
initials
z
,
c
,
s
from the
alveolo-palatal
initials
j
,
q
,
x
and in its use of
b
,
d
,
g
to represent the unaspirated
stop consonants
/p
t
k/
. In addition, it makes use of the
medial
u
before the
rime
rather than representing it as
w
in the initial when it follows
g
or
k
.
Guangdong romanization makes use of
diacritics
to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the
circumflex
,
acute accent
and
diaeresis
in the letters
e
,
e
and
u
, respectively. In addition, it uses
-b
,
-d
,
-g
to represent the
coda consonants
/p
t
k/
rather than
-p
,
-t
,
-k
like other romanization schemes in order to be consistent with their use as unaspirated plosives in the initial.
Tones
are marked by
superscript
numbers rather than by diacritics.
Cantonese
[
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]
The scheme for
Cantonese
is outlined in "The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme" (
simplified Chinese
:
?州??音方案
;
traditional Chinese
:
廣州話?音方案
;
pinyin
:
Gu?ngzh?uhua P?ny?n F?ng'an
). It is referred to as the
Canton Romanization
on the
LSHK
character database. The system is not used in Hong Kong where romanization schemes such as
Hong Kong Government
,
Yale
,
Cantonese Pinyin
and
Jyutping
are popular, though it can be seen in works released in the
People's Republic of China
regarding Cantonese.
Teochew
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]
The scheme for the
Teochew dialect
of
Min Nan
is outlined in "The Teochew Transliteration Scheme" (
simplified Chinese
:
"潮州??音方案"
;
traditional Chinese
:
〈潮州話?音方案〉
;
pinyin
:
Chaozh?uhua P?ny?n F?ng'an
). This scheme (and another similar scheme which is based upon this scheme) is often referred to as
Peng'im
, which is the Teochew pronunciation of
pinyin
.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the
Teochew dialect
article.
Hakka
[
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]
The scheme for
Hakka
is outlined in "The Hakka Transliteration Scheme" (
simplified Chinese
:
客家??音方案
;
traditional Chinese
:
客家話?音方案
;
pinyin
:
Keji?hua P?ny?n F?ng'an
). The scheme describes the
Meixian
dialect, which is generally regarded as the de facto standard dialect of Hakka in mainland China.
Hainanese
[
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]
The scheme for
Hainanese
is outlined in the "Hainanese Transliteration Scheme" (
simplified Chinese
:
海南??音方案
;
traditional Chinese
:
海南話?音方案
;
pinyin
:
H?inanhua P?ny?n F?ng'an
). The scheme describes the
Wenchang dialect
, which is generally regarded as the prestige dialect of Hainanese in mainland China, used in provincial broadcasting.
External links
[
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]
References
[
edit
]
- Yang, Mingxin (?明新) (1999).
A Concise Cantonese-English Dictionary (?明?英?典)
. Guangdong Higher Education Publishing House (??高等?育出版社).
ISBN
7-5361-2350-7
.