The
Great Saltpetre Cave
is a notable
limestone
cave
located in
Rockcastle County
in southeastern Kentucky. During the
War of 1812
, it served as an important source of
saltpeter
, a vital component of
gunpowder
Also known as black powder.
The cave was listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
in 2013, and is within the boundary of the
Daniel Boone National Forest
. Other names include Kincaid's Cave and The Great Cave on Crooked Creek.
[1]
Robert Baker discovered the cave in the late eighteenth century.
[2]
A stream ran through the cave, and was wide enough so that oxcarts could be used to bring the saltpeter above ground. However, torchlights had to be used to light the cave so that workers could mine the saltpeter from the ground.
[3]
At the cave,
calcium nitrate
, also called niter, is leached from dry soil. When Doctor Samuel Brown, a
Transylvania University
professor of anatomy, chemistry, and surgery, gave in
Philadelphia
,
Pennsylvania
in 1806 the first scientific description of Kentucky's saltpeter production, he drew mainly from the experiences of the Great Saltpetre Cave.
[4]
As with most saltpeter caves, the land above the cave is a
hardwood forest
-covered
plateau
. Typically the saltpeter would be sent to
Lexington, Kentucky
to be made into gunpowder.
[5]
During the War of 1812, sixty to seventy men were employed to mine the cave of its saltpeter, deemed necessary as British blockades prevented saltpeter shipments from overseas. Many of the workers at the cave were slaves.
[6]
To a lesser degree the cave was also mined during the
Mexican?American War
and the
American Civil War
.
[2]
During the later war, the Union soldiers that worked at the cave also lived in the cave, due to its 58 °F (14 °C) year-around temperature giving respite from cold winters and hot summers.
[7]
For a time, ending in the 1970s, Great Saltpetre Cave was a commercial cave, and was open not only for tours, but also for ballroom dances, a museum, and weddings.
[8]
[9]
However, the guests would often damage the
cave formations
by taking souvenirs. Some would also leave their names in the cave, the most notable of which was
Daniel Boone
.
[7]
Today the cave is owned by the Rockcastle Karst Conservancy, as part of the 300-acre (1.2 km
2
) Great Saltpetre Preserve, off
Kentucky State Route 1004
. Overnight camping stays are possible upon request if the requester belongs to certain organizations.
[9]
Artifacts from the cave's mining days are still visible at the site.
[2]
The 1997
Steven Seagal
film
Fire Down Below
was partially filmed at the cave.
[10]
References
[
edit
]
Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Gruenwald, Kim Marie (2002).
More details River of Enterprise: The Commercial Origins of Regional Identity in the Ohio Valley, 1790-1850
.
Indiana University
Press.
ISBN
0-253-34132-9
.
- Kleber, John E., ed. (1992).
The Kentucky Encyclopedia
. University Press of Kentucky.
ISBN
0-8131-1772-0
.
- Walker, Juliet E. K. (1995).
Free Frank: A Black Pioneer on the Antebellum Frontier
. University Press of Kentucky.
ISBN
0-8131-0840-3
.
|
---|
Lists
by county
| | |
---|
Lists by city
| |
---|
Other lists
| |
---|
|
|
---|
People
| | |
---|
Places
| |
---|
Miscellaneous
| |
---|
|
37°22′01″N
84°17′15″W
/
37.36694°N 84.28750°W
/
37.36694; -84.28750