Highest class in many orders
Grand Cross
is the highest class in many
orders
, and manifested in its insignia.
[1]
Exceptionally, the highest class may be referred to as
Grand Cordon
or equivalent. In other cases, there may exist a rank even higher than Grand Cross, e.g.
Grand Collar
. In rare cases, the insignia itself is referred to as the "grand cross".
[2]
In international relations, many times the class of Grand Cross is typically reserved for
royalty
,
heads of state
and equivalent. Sometimes a holder of the highest class or grade are referred to as "
Commander
Grand Cross",
[A 1]
"
Knight
Grand Cross", or just "Grand Cross".
In the United Kingdom, the rank of "Knight Grand Cross" or "Dame Grand Cross" allows the recipient to continue to use the
honorific
"
Sir
" (male) or "
Dame
" (female) as a
style
before his or her name. The knighthood is initially conferred, as in other countries, at the lower rank of the order, typically "
Knight Commander
".
In Bavaria, the royal military order established by Maximilian Joseph consisted of three classes with the Grand Crosses ranking above the Commanders and Knights.
[4]
The Grand Cross title has also been used to confer military merit. For instance, the
Grand Duchy of Baden
awarded
Prince Rupprecht
a Grand Cross after
World War I
.
[5]
From 1870 to 1918, the
German Empire
also set the Grand Cross as the highest rank of the Order of the Iron Cross, followed by the first and second classes.
Denomination "Grand Cordons"
[
edit
]
The orders in which the highest rank (or second after "Collar") is named "Grand Cordons" include the following orders:
Former
[
edit
]
-
Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Order of Columbus
(Abolished as a state order in 1891)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ
(Highest, cancelled as national order in 1890, since then claimed as house order)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Saint Benedict of Avis
(2nd, cancelled as national order in 1890, since then claimed as house order)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Saint James of the Sword
(3rd, cancelled as national order in 1890, since then claimed as house order)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of the Cross
(4th, cancelled as national order in 1891 and reestablished as the
National Order of the Southern Cross
in 1932)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Dom Pedro I
(5th, cancelled as national order in 1890, since then claimed as house order)
-
Empire of Brazil
: Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of the Rose
(6th, cancelled as national order in 1890, since then claimed as house order)
-
France
-
Kingdom of Hawaii
: Grand Cross of the
Royal Order of Kapi?olani
(3rd, became obsolete in 1893)
Gallery
[
edit
]
Illustration of typical insignia, as in the case of the
Legion of Honour
of
France
.
See also
[
edit
]
Explanatory notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Hieronymussen, Poul Ohm; Lundø, Jørgen, eds. (1968).
Eurooppalaiset kunniamerkit varikuvina
[
Europæiske ordner i farver
] (in Finnish). Translated by Karnila, Christer. Porvoo: WSOY. pp. 14?15.
OCLC
466954328
.
- ^
Burke, B.
The Book of Orders of Knighthood and Decorations of Honour of All Nations.
Uckfield: Naval & Military Press, 2016.
ISBN
978-1-783-31282-5
- ^
"Statuter for finlands vita ros ?orden"
(PDF)
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 3 March 2014
. Retrieved
28 February
2014
.
- ^
Carlisle, Nicholas (2012).
A Concise Account of the Several Foreign Orders of Knighthood: and Other Marks of Honourable Distinction
. Dallington, East Sussex: The Naval and Military Press. p. 67.
ISBN
9781781514290
.
- ^
Zabecki, David (2014).
Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History [4 volumes]: 400 Years of Military History
. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 1629.
ISBN
9781598849806
.
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Distinctions
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Lists
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Ceremonies
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concepts
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