Important position within the French royal court during the Ancien Regime
The
Grand Chamberlain of France
(
French
:
Grand Chambellan de France
) was one of the
Great Officers of the Crown of France
, a member of the
Maison du Roi
("King's Household"), and one of the
Great Offices of the Maison du Roi
during the
Ancien Regime
. It is similar in name, but should not be confused with, the office of
Grand Chamberman of France
(
Grand Chambrier de France
), although both positions could accurately be translated by the word
chamberlain
.
At its origin, the position of Grand Chamberlain entailed oversight of the king's chamber and his wardrobe, but in October 1545, the position absorbed the duties of the position of Grand Chambrier, which was suppressed by
Francois I
, and the Grand Chamberlain became responsible for signing charters and certain royal documents, assisting at the trial of
peers
, and recording the oaths of homage to the Crown, among other duties.
The Grand Chamberlain also played an important role during
coronation
: he ceremonially admitted the clerical peers to the room of the king, and fitted the king with boots,
dalmatic
, and
mantle
for coronation. In the protocol of the reign of
Louis XIV
, the Grand Chamberlain was in the second rank during ambassadorial receptions, he served the king at table, and, at the ceremony of the
Levee
or royal awakening, he presented the king with a shirt. The position played a key role in state affairs in the sixteenth century, but became merely honorific in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
The political importance of the Grand Chamberlain stemmed from his having permanent access to the King's Chamber. His symbol of office was the keys to the royal apartments, which he always carried; in token of which, he was permitted to place two gold keys in saltire behind his
coat of arms
. He also was entitled to carry the banner of France. In rank, the position was between the
Grand Maitre de France
and the
Grand Ecuyer
. During a
lit de justice
, he sat at the king's feet.
In the first half of the 16th century, the position was always held by a member of the Orleans-Longueville family, then by the
Duke of Guise
, and finally ? until the end of the monarchy ? by a member of the La Tour d'Auvergne-Bouillon family.
List of Grand Chamberlains of France
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- Renaud de Clermont
(b. 1010, d. 1087; Served ??1087, Reign of King Henry I of France)
- Pierre de La Broce
(??1278)
- Raoul of Clermont
(1283?1302)
- Pierre de Chambly
(??1308)
[1]
- Enguerrand de Marigny
(??1315)
- Hugues III de Bouville
(??1331)
- Louis I, Duke of Bourbon
(1310?1342)
- Peter I, Duke of Bourbon
(1342?1356)
- Arnaud Amanieu, Lord of Albret
(1381?1401)
- James II, Count of La Marche
(1397?1438)
- Louis, Count of Vendome
(1408?1427)
- Georges de la Tremoille
(1427?1439)
- Jean Dunois
, Count of Dunois and Longueville (1439?1468)
- Jean V de Bueil
(1469?1474)
- Pierre de Guenand, seigneur de
La Celle-Guenand
(??1486)
- Jean Dax, seigneur d'Axat
, (1487?1495)
- Louis I d'Orleans, duc de Longueville
(1512?1516)
- Francis, Duke of Guise
(1551?1563)
- Charles of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
(1563?1589)
- Henry I of Orleans, Duke of Longueville
(1589?1595)
- Henry of Lorraine, Duke of Mayenne
(1596?1621)
- Claude, Duke of Chevreuse
(1621?1643)
- Louis, Duke of Joyeuse
(1643?1654)
- Henry II, Duke of Guise
(1655?1658)
- Godefroy-Maurice de La Tour d'Auvergne
, duc de Bouillon (1658?1715)
- Emmanuel Theodose de La Tour d'Auvergne
, duc de Bouillon (1715?1728)
- Charles-Godefroy La Tour d'Auvergne
, duc de Bouillon (1728?1747)
- Godefroy-Charles-Henri La Tour d'Auvergne
, duc de Bouillon (1747?1775)
- Henri Louis Marie de Rohan
, duc de Montbazon (1775?1782)
- Godefroy-Charles-Henri La Tour d'Auvergne
, duc de Bouillon (1782?1789)
- Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Perigord
, prince de Talleyrand (1815?1830)
See also
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External links
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References
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