From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Phylum of bacteria
Gracilibacteria
is a
bacterial candidate phylum
formerly known as GN02, BD1-5, or SN-2. It is part of the
Candidate Phyla Radiation
and the Patescibacteria group.
The first representative of the Gracilibacteria phylum was reported in 1999 after being recovered from a deep-sea sediment sample. The representative 16S rRNA sequence was referred to as "BD1-5" (sample BD1, sequence 5) and while it was noted that it displayed low sequence identity to any known 16S rRNA gene, it was not proposed as a new phylum at this time.
[1]
In 2006, representatives of Gracilibacteria were recovered from a hypersaline microbial mat from Guerrero Negro, Baja California Sur, Mexico and proposed as a new phylum "GN02".
[2]
The BD1-5/GN02 phylum was renamed "Gracilibacteria" in 2013.
[3]
[4]
The first Gracilibacteria genome was recovered from an acetate-amended aquifer (Rifle, CO, USA) using culture-independent, genome-resolved
metagenomic
techniques in 2012.
[5]
Genomic analyses suggest that members of the Gracilibacteria phylum have limited metabolisms and are likely
symbionts
or
endosymbionts
.
[3]
Members of Gracilibacteria use an alternative
genetic code
in which UGA encodes the
glycine
amino acid
instead of a
stop codon
[6]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Li, Lina; Kato, Chiaki; Horikoshi, Koki (1999-05-01). "Bacterial diversity in deep-sea sediments from different depths".
Biodiversity & Conservation
.
8
(5): 659?677.
doi
:
10.1023/A:1008848203739
.
ISSN
1572-9710
.
S2CID
25820840
.
- ^
Ley, Ruth E.; Harris, J. Kirk; Wilcox, Joshua; Spear, John R.; Miller, Scott R.; Bebout, Brad M.; Maresca, Julia A.; Bryant, Donald A.; Sogin, Mitchell L.; Pace, Norman R. (2006-05-01).
"Unexpected Diversity and Complexity of the Guerrero Negro Hypersaline Microbial Mat"
.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
.
72
(5): 3685?3695.
Bibcode
:
2006ApEnM..72.3685L
.
doi
:
10.1128/AEM.72.5.3685-3695.2006
.
ISSN
0099-2240
.
PMC
1472358
.
PMID
16672518
.
- ^
a
b
Sieber, Christian M. K.; Paul, Blair G.; Castelle, Cindy J.; Hu, Ping; Tringe, Susannah G.; Valentine, David L.; Andersen, Gary L.; Banfield, Jillian F. (2019-11-12).
"Unusual Metabolism and Hypervariation in the Genome of a Gracilibacterium (BD1-5) from an Oil-Degrading Community"
.
mBio
.
10
(6).
doi
:
10.1128/mbio.02128-19
.
ISSN
2150-7511
.
PMC
6851277
.
PMID
31719174
.
- ^
Rinke, Christian; Schwientek, Patrick; Sczyrba, Alexander; Ivanova, Natalia N.; Anderson, Iain J.; Cheng, Jan-Fang; Darling, Aaron; Malfatti, Stephanie; Swan, Brandon K.; Gies, Esther A.; Dodsworth, Jeremy A. (July 2013).
"Insights into the phylogeny and coding potential of microbial dark matter"
.
Nature
.
499
(7459): 431?437.
Bibcode
:
2013Natur.499..431R
.
doi
:
10.1038/nature12352
.
hdl
:
10453/27467
.
ISSN
1476-4687
.
PMID
23851394
.
- ^
Wrighton, K. C.; Thomas, B. C.; Sharon, I.; Miller, C. S.; Castelle, C. J.; VerBerkmoes, N. C.; Wilkins, M. J.; Hettich, R. L.; Lipton, M. S.; Williams, K. H.; Long, P. E. (2012-09-27). "Fermentation, Hydrogen, and Sulfur Metabolism in Multiple Uncultivated Bacterial Phyla".
Science
.
337
(6102): 1661?1665.
Bibcode
:
2012Sci...337.1661W
.
doi
:
10.1126/science.1224041
.
ISSN
0036-8075
.
PMID
23019650
.
S2CID
10362580
.
- ^
Hanke, Anna; Hamann, Emmo; Sharma, Ritin; Geelhoed, Jeanine S.; Hargesheimer, Theresa; Kraft, Beate; Meyer, Volker; Lenk, Sabine; Osmers, Harald; Wu, Rong; Makinwa, Kofi (2014-05-16).
"Recoding of the stop codon UGA to glycine by a BD1-5/SN-2 bacterium and niche partitioning between Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria in a tidal sediment microbial community naturally selected in a laboratory chemostat"
.
Frontiers in Microbiology
.
5
: 231.
doi
:
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00231
.
ISSN
1664-302X
.
PMC
4032931
.
PMID
24904545
.
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Terrabacteria
BV1, BV3, BV5
| others
| |
---|
Cyanoprokaryota
|
- Cyanobacteriota
- "
Margulisiibacteriota
"
- "Marinamargulisbacteria"
- "Riflemargulisbacteria"
- "Saganbacteria"
- "Termititenacia"
|
---|
Firmicutes
BV3
Low GC
|
- Bacillota
- Bacillota A
- "
Clostridiia
"
- "Thermoanaerobacteria"
- "Thermosediminibacteria"
- Bacillota D
- Bacillota E
- "Sulfobacillia"
- "Symbiobacteriia"
- "Thermaerobacteria"
- Bacillota G
- "Hydrogenisporia"
- Limnochordia
- "
Desulfotomaculota
"
- "Carboxydocellia"
- "Carboxydothermia"
- "Dehalobacteriia"
- "Desulfitobacteriia"
- "Desulfotomaculia"
- "Moorellia"
- "Peptococcia"
- "Syntrophomonadia"
- "Thermincolia"
- "Halanaerobiaeota"
- "Selenobacteria"
|
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|
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CPR group
| |
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Thermotogida
| Synergistetes
| |
---|
Thermocalda
| |
---|
|
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Fusobacterida
| |
---|
Hydrobacteria
BV2, BV4
| |
---|
others
| |
---|
|