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German economist and jurist (1760?1817)
Gottlieb Hufeland.
Gottlieb Hufeland
(29 October 1760 ? 25 February 1817) was a German
economist
and
jurist
.
Biography
[
edit
]
Born in
Danzig
(Gda?sk),
Royal Prussia
,
Crown of Poland
, Hufeland was educated at the
gymnasium
of his native town, and completed his university studies at
Leipzig
and
Gottingen
. He graduated at
Jena
, and in 1788 was there appointed to an extraordinary professorship. Five years later he was made ordinary professor.
His lectures on
natural law
, in which he developed with great acuteness and skill the formal principles of the
Kantian
theory of legislation, attracted a large audience, and contributed to raise to its height the fame of the University of Jena, then unusually rich in able teachers. In 1803, after the departure of many of his colleagues from Jena, Hufeland accepted a call to
Wurzburg
, from which, after but a brief tenure of a professorial chair, he proceeded to
Landshut
. From 1806 to 1812 he acted as
burgomaster
in his native town of Danzig. Returning to Landshut, he lived there until 1816, when he was invited to the
University of Halle
.
In
political economy
Hufeland's chief work is the
Neue Grundlegung der Staatswirthschaftskunst
(2 vols, 1807 and 1813), the second volume of which has the special title,
Lehre vom Gelde und Geldumlaufe
. The principles of this work are for the most part those of
Adam Smith
's
Wealth of Nations
, which were then beginning to be accepted and developed in Germany; but both in his treatment of fundamental notions, such as
economic good
and
value
, and in details, such as the
theory of money
, Hufeland's treatment has a certain originality.
Two points in particular seem deserving of notice. Hufeland was the first among German economists to point out the profit of the
entrepreneur
as a distinct species of revenue with laws peculiar to itself. He also tends towards, though he does not explicitly state the view that
rent
is a general term applicable to all payments resulting from differences of degree among productive forces of the same order. Thus the superior gain of a specially gifted workman or specially skilled employer is in time assimilated to the payment for a natural agency of more than the minimum efficiency.
Hufeland died in 1817 in
Halle an der Saale
.
Works
[
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]
Hufeland's works on the theory of legislation:
- Versuch uber den Grundsatz Naturrechts
(1785)
- Lehrbuch des Naturrechts
(1790)
- Institutionen des gesammten positiven Rechts
(1798)
- Lehrbuch der Geschichte und Encyclopadie alter in Deutschland geltenden positiven Rechte
(1790)
They are distinguished by precision of statement and clearness of deduction.
References
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