Town and municipality in ?umadija and Western Serbia, Serbia
Gornji Milanovac
(
Serbian Cyrillic
:
Гoр?и Милановац
,
pronounced
[?oːr?iː
m?lano?ats]
ⓘ
) is a town and municipality located in the
Moravica District
of central Serbia. The population of the town is 23,109, while the population of the municipality is 38,985 (2022 census data).
The town was founded in 1853. Before 1859 the original name of the town was
Despotovica
(
Serbian Cyrillic
:
Деспотовица
), after the
Despotovica
river passing by the town. In 1859 the name was changed to Gornji Milanovac at the request of the Prince of Serbia
Milo? Obrenovi?
. Its name means
Upper Milanovac
(there is a
Lower Milanovac
as well, while Milanovac stems from the name
Milan
in
Serbian
).
History
[
edit
]
Initially, the settlement that was to become Gornji Milanovac (before 1853) was situated in the area of today's village
Brusnica
. There was some discussion about the suitability of the site for a settlement. The new municipality was to be called Despotovac after the river Despotovica which passes through this municipality (the river name originates from the
Serbian despot
,
đurađ Brankovi?
). On the 22nd of April 1852, Despotovac (later Gornji Milanovac) was then relocated to a place called Divlje Polje. This decision was taken by Mladen ?ujovi?, Trivun Novakovi?, Stevan Kni?anin, and Gaja Rizni?. Notable buildings and roads (for example: "Zgrada starog suda ? Old Court building") are the work of German engineer Indi?ir Schultz from
Pan?evo
. Today's name Gornji Milanovac was formalized by the warrant of
Milo? Obrenovi? I, Prince of Serbia
, in 1859, after his brother Milan Obrenovi?.
[3]
The inscription from the Roman era found on the mountain Rudnik
The location of Gornji Milanovac confirms that this area was settled in prehistory and we can find settlements of
Illyrians
,
Thracians
,
Dacians
, small groups of
Celts
and
Goths
and bigger settlements of the Romans. On the mountain Rudnik, besides older miners grove there are remains of a Roman temple dedicated to the
Terra Mater ("Mother Earth")
.
[4]
There is little information about
Slavs
and their settlements.
Even in the Middle Ages and the time of the Roman Empire, the area around Gornji Milanovac was significant in economic, agronomy, infrastructure, and military sense. There are sites from the Neolithic period (in the village
Gojna Gora
) and pre/post-Roman governance period (Rudnik), also ruins and sites from
Byzantine administration
,
Medieval Serbian Principality/Kingdom
,
Serbian Empire
and
Ottoman Empire
(on mountain
Rudnik
, in villages
Brusnica
, mountain Treska, Jablanica, and Gornji Milanovac parts of the mountain
Vujan
).
This town was significant during the
First Serbian Uprising
against Ottoman Empire rule, but more so during the
Second Serbian Uprising
. In 1814, Takovo had reached a historical agreement about the Second Serbian Uprising. In front of the family house of Obrenovi? in the village
Gornja Crnu?a
, he raised a flag (red Greek cross on the white background) and said:
Evo mene, a eto Vama rata s Turcima ( Here I am, You have a war with the Turks)
In the
World War I
occupation, the population in Gornji Milanovac was subjected to war terror and crimes by the forces of
Austria-Hungary
,
Kaiser
's
Germany
and
Bulkaria
, while during
World War II
the infrastructure was destroyed and the population of this town suffered as before. At the time of sanctions and
breakup of Yugoslavia
, the industry of municipality exported their products to the Western and Eastern markets through
offshore companies
. In 1999
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
, Gornji Milanovac was bombed once (only television repeater was damaged). People from nearby towns and municipalities in-joke said, that when NATO planned which town to bomb, they put a cup of coffee at the Gornji Milanovac location on the map.
Important years and dates:
[5]
[
citation needed
]
- 1814? The beginning of the
Second Serbian Uprising
was agreed in Takovo village
- 1852? Gornji Milanovac (in that time Despotovica) becomes the first town in Serbia with a completed map of the city and with the streets at an angle of 90°;
- 1853? establishment municipality of Despotovica;
- 1857? the establishment of the first men's and girls' primary school and the first library;
- 1859? changing the name of the municipality in Gornji Milanovac;
- 1879? the establishment of the First High School;
- 1890? first printing company start to work;
- 1892? the establishment of county hospital;
- 1912? commencement of construction of narrow-gauge railway;
- 1914? during the
First World War
in this town was settled headquarters of
?ivojin Mi?i?
;
- 1921? finished electrification and construction of low voltage network;
- 1922? started with work of the narrow gauge railway and establishment of the first conditory company "Rudnik";
- 1923? first coal power plant;
- 1927? first X-ray machine;
- 1928? started with work of the first cinema in a municipality;
- 1933? HRH King
Alexander I of Yugoslavia
opens first mixed primary school;
- 1937? The establishment of the second factory of conditory products "Sumadija";
- 1941?
Yugoslav Partisans
and
Yugoslav army in homeland
(known as Chetniks) in joint action release Gornji Milanovac from the Nazi- German occupation. Gornji Milanovac was merged with the other released towns in occupied
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
and formed short-lived
Republic of U?ice
. At the head of that joint action was
Zvonimir Vu?kovi?
. During that battle two German tanks were trapped and now one of those is a monument on the exit from the town in village
Nevade
, while the other is a monument in
U?ice
(
Hotchkiss H35
);
- 1945? Gornji Milanovac was released from Nazi-German occupation and began industrialization
- 1965? two municipalities Pranjani and Rudnik merged to Gornji Milanovac.
Culture and tourism
[
edit
]
Cultural monuments
[
edit
]
Serbian Orthodox monastery in
Vra?ev?nica
, built in 1428?29
Cultural Monuments of Great Importance
in Gornji Milanovac are:
- Church of the Holy Trinity.
- Church of St. Nicholas in the village of
Brusnica
and the family tomb of
Obrenovi? dynasty
.
- District Building ("The Old Court building").
- Monuments in the center of the municipality.
- "Hill of Peace" (
Brdo mira
) Memorial Park.
- Tank as a monument of liberation in Nevade from the Second World War (
Sherman Firefly
).
- Orthodox Christian monasteries of
Vra?ev?nica
,
?ilopaj
and
Vujan
.
- Takovo complex devoted to the heroes from
Second Serbian Uprising
.
- Ruins of Orthodox monasteries "Je?evac", Catholic church "Misa" (later mosque) on Rudnik.
- Ruins of
Irene Kantakouzene
on Treska Hill.
- Family house of
Milo? Obrenovi?
in Gornja Crnu?a.
- Family house of national hero Dragan Jefti?-?kepo.
- Family house of the Lunjevica family (Revolutionary
Nikola
, politician
Panta
and Queen consort
Draga Obrenovi?
).
- Family house of Djordjevic built in old Serbian architectural style.
- Family house and inheritance of
Archibald Reiss
's son- "Dobro polje II".
- Monument on city cemetery of fallen soldiers of Austro-Hungary and Serbian Army in
World War I
.
- Monument for the participants in
Operation Halyard
and the other monuments in the rest of municipality.
Culture institutions
[
edit
]
Culture center "Mija Aleksi?"
Museum of Rudnik and Takovo area in Gornji Milanovac
The first library in Gornji Milanovac was established in 1857 and is called "Bra?a Nastasijevi?" (English: "Brothers Nastasijevi?").
[6]
Headquarters is in the building of Old District Administration. It has separate classes in Rudnik (the oldest), Pranjani, Brdjani, and Vra?e?nica. Librarian fond has over 100,000 books. Also "Bra?a Nastasijevi?" library is engaged in the publishing business.
The main theater in this municipality is "Milanova?ko amatersko pozori?te (Milanovac amateur theater)". Milanovac amateur theater, GM cinema, art gallery and administrative center of all settlements cultural clubs has headquarters in the center of municipality witch satisfy modern standards for one cultural institution. In the area of photography and cinema, Gornji Milanovac is represented with a big number of art members of the Photo-cinema club Gornji Milanovac.
The Museum of Rudnik and Takovo area is a subsidiary of the culture center of Gornji Milanovac. It has established the Gallerie of Arts in 2008, and a modern gallery in the building of old district administration.
Music and folklore
[
edit
]
In this municipality there are two folklore groups: "Tipoplastika"-Folklore ensemble and Culture-Arts Community "?umadija". There are also rock bends that were established in this town, like: "
Bjesovi
", "An Fas", ″Pastir Pan″, "GM Undergrounders",
[7]
"Skarlet" and "?udna ?uma". As for punk-rock bands in '90s and 80's there are: "Trula koalicija", In '00s there were established new rock and reggae music bands and groups: "Pli?ani mali?an",
[8]
"Morbid Cow", "Parnasus", "Strah od D?eki ?ena
[9]
", IMT 666 (Featuring Bjesovi band's singers child, Stevan Marinkovic), etc.
Tourism, ecology and events
[
edit
]
Norwegian House in Gornji Milanovac
Whilst part of
Yugoslavia
, Gornji Milanovac was known as the "economic miracle" and "Beli Labud" (English: "White Swan") as the ecologically cleanest city. There is great potential for further rural and spa (Svra?kovci, Brđani, Mlakovac and Savinac) tourism progress in future times. Today's Gornji Milanovac on its territory has a lot of small, categorized rural hotels, one hostel and motels. Close to Gornji Milanovac is a spa and resort "Atomska Banja"
Donja Trep?a
. Major Hotels in this town are newly opened hotel "IG Hotel" (4 stars) and "MD Neda" (3 stars) in the settlement Rudnik. In the past, there was one of the biggest hotels "?umadija" (3 stars) bankrupted in 2004.
Ostrvica peak on the Rudnik mountain
Gornji Milanovac was a pioneer in the application of sorting waste, recycling and
water purification
in Serbia and previously in Yugoslavia. Also, Gornji Milanovac is a great antagonist of
GM food
why it has adopted declaration and municipality statute about prohibition of this type of food.
[10]
Tourists from around the world visit this municipality for its clean air, small and quiet places, inner and family vacations. Gornji Milanovac every other year is the host of International Biennial of
miniature
Art, founded in 1989. In village
Takovo
is the host of the World Music Festival, every May, June or July. Known trip places are: Takovo, Grabovica (peak of ?dreban), Savinac and Rudnik. These places are popular during the celebration of the May 1st or world-known
International Workers' Day
as a collegial picnic in union organization. Other significant cultural and tourism events on its territory are World Testicle Cooking Championship, the "Milanovac bowl tournament" (Fish soup cooking) and the Goulash tournament ("Gula?ijada"). In some settlements are held various art colonies. Also, there are held and village gymnastic competition in some disciplines during the celebration of some patron day of that village.
Gornji Milanovac is a touristic sense has to offer to the lovers of bright starry nights (in December?January and May?June) and beautiful sunrises, various monuments, clean air, healing water resources and much more. It has a reputation for offering a vibrant nightlife which is also developed and safer than in the rest of Serbia. On the January, 7th (
Orthodox Christmas
) Gornji Milanovas Tourist organization and its citizens (transport operators companies, local company owners, farmworkers, musician and orchestra artist, motorcycle and ATV clubs, taxi drivers, firefighters, police and military) every year organize the one-day festival, because it's believed that if they start something on that holiday they will succeed in all days in that year.
[11]
Also in Gornji Milanovac are 3
fairs
per year, on May 22, August 2 and October 15. After 70 years Gornji Milanovac as municipality celebrates its Patron day. It is
Trinity
, where on that day is being held pageant. Locals are advocating to build a mini
cable car
system for Rudnik and
biathlon stadium
on the Ravna Gora, given that project had failed during the 90's economical and international political problems of Yugoslavia and Serbia as a federal republic.
Geography and infrastructure
[
edit
]
Rudnik mountain
Gornji Milanovac lies between mountains
[12]
Rudnik
to the north and
Vujan
to the south. Relief of this area is hilly and mountainous. Gornji Milanovac with all his territory is located between these mountains:
Rudnik
(1,132 m or 3,714 ft),
Maljen
(970 m or 3,180 ft),
Jesevac
(902 m or 2,959 ft),
Suvobor
(866 m or 2,841 ft), Rajac (848 m or 2,782 ft) and
Vujan
(845 m or 2,772 ft). Gornji Milanovac boundaries with:
Ljig
(on the North) and
Mionica
(on North-West),
Topola
and
Aranđelovac
(both on the North-East)
?a?ak
(on the South) and
Lu?ani
(on the South West),
Po?ega, Serbia
(on the West),
Kragujevac
(on the East) and
Kni?
(on theSouth-East).
The center of the city is situated along the western side of
European route E763
(motorway), between the cities
Ljig
to the north and
?a?ak
to the south and the villages Majdan to the north and
Preljina
to the south.
Main city crossroad branches:
- To the North, onto road Gornji Milanovac-Kragujevac (see
Kragujevac
) that crosses with E763 and turns East; the nearest village on the road is
Donja Vrbava
.
- To the East, turns South then East through the city, crosses E763 and then goes south through the village of
Donja Trep?a
onto the route 23.
- To the South, towards E763.
- To the West, quickly turns North and after 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) branches into road Gornji Milanovac-?estobrodica (see
?estobrodica
) to the West; the nearest village on the road is
Takovo
, where
Takovo Uprising
begun; and into
Road Gornji Milanovac ? Donji Banjani
(see
Gornji Banjani
) to the North; the nearest village on the road is
Kalimani?i
;
- South of Milanovac, villages Brdjani to the West and
Prislonica
to the East are connected to E763 with local roads
Motorway A2 in
Savinac
- On the West and Southside of municipalities is situated
A2 highway
(Corridor XI), opened for traffic in 2016; this is the most primary project on the field of transport and tourism in the future, providing Gornji Milanovac good connection to the coast of
Adriatic Sea
and
Belgrade
.
Rivers that flow through Gornji Milanovac are: Despotovica,
Gruza
, Di?ina, ?emernica, and Kamenica. There is a variety of groundwater sources and thermo-mineral water sources like in village areas, like in: Svrackovci, Brdjani, Mlakovac, Trepca, and Savinac.
Gornji Milanovac is instructed to use civil and military airport in nearby
Morava Airport-Lajdevci, Kraljevo
36 km (22 mi),
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
134 km (83 mi) and
U?ice-Ponikve Airport
98.6 km (61 mi). Also, in September 2018, Swisslion-Takovo Concern established
Heliport
for business and civilian purpose. Gornji Milanovac does not have conditions for development of water traffic transportation. In 1969 narrow and regional railway
?a?ak
-Gornji Milanovac ?
Topola
was abolished because it was unprofitable. In 2014,
Government of Serbia
will consider the spatial plan of new electrified railways line
Belgrade
?
Sarajevo
, where Gornji Milanovac could be one of regional centers.
[13]
Climate
[
edit
]
Gornji Milanovac has
Humid continental climate
.
[14]
Mildest parts (Sub-Humid) of Gornji Milanovac are Brdjani, Trudelj and Dragolj. The coldest parts (humid) are peaks of Rudnik, Rajac, parts of villages Majdan, Svrackovci, Gojna Gora, Gornji Branetici, Brajic, Polom and in the north-west part of village Bogdanica. Moderately humid parts of the municipality are in parts of Majdan and the rest parts of mountain Rudnik, Rajac, and peaks of Suvobor.
The average annual temperature of air are in range of 8 °C (46 °F) in the parts of Rudnik and Suvobor and 11 °C (52 °F) at 250 metres (820 feet). Average daily (in %) humidity 78.5% during the year, in winter 85%, in summer periods 75% (excluding
Rudnik
mountain where it is 65%, which is good for relaxation and vacation). The hottest month of the year is July, and the coldest is January. Autumn is warmer than the spring for 1 °C (34 °F).
The average annual precipitation height are in the range of 788?985 mm (31.0?38.8 in). Minimum mean wind speed is 1.7?2.6 m/s (3.11?5.05 knots) and maximum 13.8?20.7 m/s (26.83?40.24 knots). This maximum speed occurs in the southeastern, southwestern and southern winds. On the territory of Gornji Milanovac prevails southeastern, northern and eastern winds.
Vegetation period lasts 220?260 days. During these period precipitation rate is 55% which is favorable for plants.
According to the last measuring of Air quality in 2019, the result was satisfying, because they showed an average of 35
US AQI
to moderate quality 70 US AQI in the winter periods.
[15]
Annual average daily global sun radiation energy on a horizontal surface on territory of municipality Gornji Milanovac is between 3.8?4.0 kWh/m
2
(0.33?0.35 BTU/ft
2
). Daily mean values of the ambient dose rate (
background radiation
) on the area around this municipality are ? 100 nSv/h.
[16]
Climate data for Gornji Milanovac (measuring station-Rudnik)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C
|
20.7
|
23.9
|
28.8
|
32.2
|
34.9
|
37.4
|
43.6
|
40.0
|
37.5
|
30.7
|
28.4
|
22.6
|
43.6
|
Mean daily maximum °C
|
4.6
|
7.0
|
12.4
|
18.0
|
23.5
|
26.2
|
28.6
|
28.7
|
23.9
|
18.4
|
11.2
|
5.8
|
17.4
|
Daily mean °C
|
?1.7
|
?6.2
|
6.3
|
10.3
|
13.0
|
20.1
|
22.3
|
22.1
|
17.9
|
12.2
|
8.0
|
0.6
|
10.4
|
Mean daily minimum °C
|
?4.4
|
?9.4
|
2.1
|
6.1
|
9.4
|
15.5
|
17.8
|
17.4
|
13.2
|
8.0
|
4.9
|
?3.2
|
6.5
|
Record low °C
|
?29.4
|
?15.4
|
?12.8
|
?4.9
|
3.5
|
5.5
|
8.4
|
6.7
|
4.7
|
?4.5
|
?7.8
|
?13.4
|
?5.7
|
Average
precipitation
mm
|
137.0
|
136.3
|
16.3
|
82.9
|
152.9
|
54.9
|
19.0
|
0.3
|
21.0
|
52.0
|
29.2
|
101.0
|
802.8
|
Record high °F
|
69.3
|
75.0
|
83.8
|
90.0
|
94.8
|
99.3
|
110.5
|
104.0
|
99.5
|
87.3
|
83.1
|
72.7
|
110.5
|
Mean daily maximum °F
|
40.3
|
44.6
|
54.3
|
64.4
|
74.3
|
79.2
|
83.5
|
83.7
|
75.0
|
65.1
|
52.2
|
42.4
|
63.3
|
Daily mean °F
|
28.9
|
20.8
|
43.3
|
50.5
|
55.4
|
68.2
|
72.1
|
71.8
|
64.2
|
54.0
|
46.4
|
33.1
|
50.7
|
Mean daily minimum °F
|
24.1
|
15.1
|
35.8
|
43.0
|
48.9
|
59.9
|
64.0
|
63.3
|
55.8
|
46.4
|
40.8
|
26.2
|
43.7
|
Record low °F
|
?20.9
|
4.3
|
9.0
|
23.2
|
38.3
|
41.9
|
47.1
|
44.1
|
40.5
|
23.9
|
18.0
|
7.9
|
21.7
|
Average
precipitation
inches
|
5.39
|
5.37
|
0.64
|
3.26
|
6.02
|
2.16
|
0.75
|
0.01
|
0.83
|
2.05
|
1.15
|
3.98
|
31.61
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ mm)
|
20
|
16
|
30
|
8
|
13
|
10
|
9
|
10
|
12
|
14
|
14
|
12
|
171
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
90
|
86
|
77
|
79
|
82
|
69
|
70
|
65
|
75
|
80
|
85
|
88
|
79
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
72.2
|
101.7
|
153.2
|
188.1
|
242.2
|
260.9
|
290.8
|
274.0
|
204.3
|
163.1
|
97.0
|
64.5
|
2,112
|
Source:
[17]
|
Geology and vegetation
[
edit
]
On the territory of Gornji Milanovac there is represented the following type of soil:
[18]
- Brown acid soil-which is widespread in areas like Rudnik, from the west of
Gruza
river to Boljkovci;
- Brown earth
on serpentine-at
Vujan
,
Suvobor
and
Maljen
mountains;
- Cambisol-in region of Lipovac, Prnjavor, Donja Crnuca, Belo Polje;
- Brown earth on limestone- in area of
Ravna Gora
;
- Brown earth on diabase-in region of Belo Polje, Gornja Vrbava, Donja Vrbava, Grabovica, Jablanica, in some village area like Brezovica, Rudnik, Zagradje, Gornji Branetici, Donji Branetici, and Ozrem.
According to Serbian Geology Institute, on Gornji Milanovac territory has solid reserves of
Antimony
,
Mercury
,
Copper
,
Lead
,
Zinc
and
Gold
(in small amounts).
[19]
Gornji Milanovac and the villages of Varnice, Zagradje, Dragolj and Trudelj are dominated by the Ostrvica Massif. The elevation of Ostrvica is 758 metres (2,487 ft). Ostrvica is actually the remains of a destroyed volcanic cone. In May 2009, Ostrvica was declared a natural monument. In the middle of the last century, this massif was significant for its military fortifications and watchtower.
Land that is not cultivated makes 14.6%, arable land 47%, barren land makes 4.4%.
The erosion process was active in the past, which is why today some parts of the territory have barren land. These processes have caused the degradation of the land. According to the Republic Seismological Institution of Serbia, Gornji Milanovac is on the scale 8°-8.9° magnitude of an earthquake and the probability that this can happen once in 50?1000 years is 63%. In the major territory there is good protection from erosion process and solid protection from floods. The population doesn't have good protection from wind storms and radiation, but new standards in house and building construction stipulates even that.
[13]
Most of the population has good thermal insulation in their homes and companies.
Forest vegetation is various: willow, poplar, oak, ash, etc. Forest plantations make 10% of his territory and 90% are natural wood. Meadow grass vegetation occupies 26,656 hectares (11,960 ft
2
) which is 32%, meadows 15% and grasslands 17%.
Terrain
[
edit
]
The terrain of Gornji Milanovac is
highland
. Total terrain is divided by rivers Kamenica, ?emernica, Gru?a, and Despotovica. It is of volcanic origin. Today the terrain is a result of the combined effects of tectonic movements and
fluvial
erosion processes in the past.
Morphological traits of municipalities, we can distinguish two different zones:
[20]
- Mountain rims of the south piedmonts on Maljen, Suvobor and south-western on Rudnik,
- Central-valley basin is characteristic of north-western parts and north of Je?evac and Vujan.
Dominant position in the municipality and
?umadija
have mountain Rudnik. As the specific shape of terrain have Ostrvica which has a conical shape and it is positioned north-western from mountain and settlement Rudnik.
Mountain massif
Je?evac is positioned on the east side of the municipality. Mountain Vujan is lying southwards from river Despotovica to Brdjani pit. Western parts of the area covers Rajac, Suvobor and Maljen. Westernmost parts include Pranjani pit.
Demographics
[
edit
]
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1948
| 49,604
| ?
|
---|
1953
| 49,859
| +0.10%
|
---|
1961
| 47,894
| ?0.50%
|
---|
1971
| 48,420
| +0.11%
|
---|
1981
| 50,651
| +0.45%
|
---|
1991
| 50,087
| ?0.11%
|
---|
2002
| 47,641
| ?0.45%
|
---|
2011
| 44,406
| ?0.78%
|
---|
Source:
[21]
|
According to the last official census done in 2011, the Municipality of Gornji Milanovac has 44,406 inhabitants. Population density on the territory of the municipality is 53.1 inhabitants per square kilometer. Since the census of 1981 when the total population was 50,651 people, there is a population decline due to the bad economic conditions in Serbia, negative
natural increase rate
and the majority of the older population. As of 2011, in Gornji Milanovac there are 637 migrants.
[22]
Estimated composition of population by sex and average age are:
[23]
- Male- 21,802 (42.4 years) and
- Female- 22,604 (43.7 years).
Ethnic groups
[
edit
]
Ethnic composition of the municipality:
Religion structure of Gornji Milanovac as it follows in the table:
[24]
Mother tongue structure of Gornji Milanovac is displayed by the following table:
[25]
Economy and industry
[
edit
]
The South industrial zone
1890 was significant as journalism began in this area. After World War I, Gornji Milanovac was connected with the other and important areas and cities in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes thanks to the narrow gauge railway. Before World War II the population was involved in mining, agronomy and with a few industrial workers (conditory and graphic-printing industry). During the World War II Gornji Milanovac was destroyed, but in the 1950s Gornji Milanovac begin with rapid progress, the rest of
SFR Yugoslavia
called this area an economic miracle.
In that time there were established two industrial zones (in the South and South-West parts). Companies and corporations that were established in these zones were: Zvezda (now known as Zvezda-Helios),
Metalac
, PIK Takovo (now known as
Swisslion-Takovo
), MK Rudnik (Fashion Stationery), FAD (automotive parts for all European cars), Tipoplastika (plastics, paper production), Metal Seko (now known as Mersteel), GRO Graditelj (construction company), Minos (railway equipment), Rudnik Flotation (mining production),
De?je novine
(popular youth newspaper and publisher in SFR Yugoslavia), Proleter (department store), Kablar (cooperative agronomy company), Sigma (cardboard producer), ?ipad Sarajevo-Gornji Milanovac (construction carpentry),
Imlek
(dairy products; subsidiary), Mlinsko-Pekarska Industrija Beograd (food industry; subsidiary), JTv Gornji Milanovac (local broadcasting company), KDS "Despotovica" (cable TV distribution systems).
Gornji Milanovac in the '80s and '90s was a real "nursery" of a mixed economy. Despite the 90's break up of SFR Yugoslavia and UN sanctions, Gornji Milanovac was the only city in that time in newly formed
FR Yugoslavia
whose companies were operated with a profit. New date companies are: "9. Septembar", "
Tetra Pak
", "Papir Print", "Spektar", "Flint Group Balkan", "Planeta ra?unari", "FOKA", "S-group", "Semix Techno", "Interplet Gradnja", "Rapid", "AzVirt", "Rolopast", "RM Pak", "RGM Pak", "Apex", "MetalMont","Kej komerc", "Neven","Agrouniverzal", DAM 93", "RP ?tamparija", "PCM Graf", "CIS Ecopoint", "Maksimil", "Jomla Group","Digitel", "Alfa Support", etc.
After 2001 and 2002, most workers organizations (that was the name for companies who were state and/or workers owned) from a period of 1950?1990 (mentioned above) were privatized. Only a few bankrupted: GRO Graditelj, Mlinsko-Pekarska Industrija Beograd (subsidiary), Imlek (subsidiary),
De?je novine
, Minos and JTv Gornji Milanovac.
Here department stores, two mini-supermarkets, elegant boutiques, and restaurants can be found. Also, there is 1
flea markets
, where local farmers are selling vegetables, products and 1 market of farm animals.
Today Gornji Milanovac valid for the biggest exporter of goods, services and products in the Republic of Serbia and one of the few cities and municipalities with the budget surplus. During the period of June 2014 unemployment rate in Gornji Milanovac was 25.28%.
[26]
Most of municipality economy relies on:
[27]
Human Poverty Index (
HPI
) in Gornji Milanovac, according to the 2011 Census of the Republic of Serbia and World Bank is 24.00%, while
GINI ratio
is 0.336 and
Poverty gap index
is 0.039.
[28]
- Economic preview
The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2018):
[29]
Activity
|
Total
|
Agriculture, forestry and fishing
|
103
|
Mining and quarrying
|
509
|
Manufacturing
|
4,678
|
Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
|
63
|
Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
|
174
|
Construction
|
450
|
Wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
|
1,548
|
Transportation and storage
|
433
|
Accommodation and food services
|
414
|
Information and communication
|
94
|
Financial and insurance activities
|
297
|
Real estate activities
|
9
|
Professional, scientific and technical activities
|
237
|
Administrative and support service activities
|
293
|
Public administration and defense; compulsory social security
|
410
|
Education
|
781
|
Human health and social work activities
|
718
|
Arts, entertainment and recreation
|
162
|
Other service activities
|
199
|
Individual agricultural workers
|
556
|
Total
|
12,128
|
Community services and Territorial organizations
[
edit
]
Education
[
edit
]
King Alexander I primary school
Gornji Milanovac has four primary schools: O? "Sveti Sava", O? Desanka Maksimovi?, O? "Kralj Aleksandar I" (before "Takovski-Partizanski bataljon") and O? "Mom?ilo Nastasijevi?". Also it has one high school: Gimnazija "Takovski ustanak.
Two professional schools (four or three-year): ET? "Knjaz Milo?" and T? "Jovan ?ujovi?". As regard as kindergarten and nurseries in this municipality there is three of these.
Gornji Milanovac had one department for higher education from Novi Sad, which was private owned and this department dissolved. In future periods was planned to open new departments of
University of Kragujevac Faculty of Economics
for business administration, taxes and accounting. Also and Faculty of Architecture
University of Belgrade
had negotiations about opening new departments for local students.
Health protection
[
edit
]
Health protection in Gornji Milanovac is widespread on all territory. Citizens can reach basic health protection even in rural parts of municipality. Health care is organized like: General Hospital, Neurology Hospital, Gynaecology department, Intensive care unit, Labour health protection unit (there are departmans and units in two industrial zones), Surgical and physiatrically department, Dentistry, Dermatology, Psychiatric ward, Rehabilitation services, Village Health Protection Units and Physical therapy. Common support units include a dispensary, pathology, and radiology, and on the non-medical side, there are medical records departments, release of information departments, financial and HR department, Patient lawyers, Clinical Engineering, Facilities Management, Dining Services and Security Departments. There is an emergency service in place. On the property of Gornji Milanovac Hospital, there is built infrastructure for mini spa and rehabilitation center for skin and musculoskeletal diseases from watter resources, mentioned above (see section Geography and Infrastructure). As for health protection of animals, Gornji Milanovac has several privately owned veterinary stations.
Media broadcasting
[
edit
]
"
De?je novine
" was the famous and largest publishing house of books, comics, magazines and sticker albums in former
Yugoslavia
, based in this municipality. They had exclusive copyrights to publish comics of
Walt Disney
,
Marvel
and
DC Comics
. This publisher bankrupted in the 90's and then the remains of company assets were divided among creditors. Creditors established new companies in the sector of publishing books, newspapers, design and art, graphical services and enigmatic-revival editions. But these independent companies did not have the same success as "De?je novine" had.
This town had 3 private owned radio stations and 1 local broadcasting station. In the '80s at Gornji Milanovac was established experimental radio station for
travelers highway information services
and among the first
cable television
systems in Yugoslavia, called Cable Distributive Systems "Despotovica". Due to the technological advancements, this radio station was called off during 1990. At the time of
NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
(during 1999), former JTv Gornji Milanovac broadcast television and radio signal to the world (because
Radio Television of Serbia
was bombed and destroyed on April 23, 1999.) for the short time until NATO air force bombed radio and television
repeater
at mountain Rudnik and nearby
Kablar
. Now Gornji Milanovac has 2 radio stations, "Gogi" and "Stari Milanovac" radio local broadcasting company, which both broadcasts folk music, information, and news in the Serbian language. Meanwhile, the radio station "Stari Milanovac" bankrupted.
Until 2014, Gornji Milanovac did not have television broadcasting, after series of unsuccessful privatization of former JTv Gornji Milanovac. Now, this municipality has regional television and cable television broadcasting company "Telemark Systems". Telemark bought old cable television KDS Despotovica. This television company provides: cable television, regional television broadcasting for several municipalities ( besides Gornji Milanovac there are providing in
?a?ak
,
Lu?ani
,
Arilje
,
Po?ega
,
Kosjeri?
and
Kraljevo
), broadband internet, IT services, advertising services, fixed telephony,
MMDS
, dealership of digital and cable TV equipment and other services. Also, Gornji Milanovac has newspaper company "Takovske Novine", while "GM Press" bankrupted. In 2019,
Telekom Srbija
bought Telemark Systems and municipality Gornji Milanovac wanted new business partners for joint ventures in the media area. In August 2019, license for television media coverage is given to newly formed RTV GM Info Group.
[30]
Territorial organisation
[
edit
]
There is one police station,
Ministry of Internal Affairs of Serbia
administration unit, Military post, Post office, branch of
FedEx
for Serbia, Customs substation and Fire-Rescuers department. The settlements are organized as Council of Settlements and Gornji Milanovac is divided into 63 settlements. Each of them has responsibility (infrastructure, election/referendum, and legal obligations) for that part of the territory.
Settlements
[
edit
]
Aside from the town of Gornji Milanovac, the municipality of Gornji Milanovac includes the following 60 settlements and 3 smaller
towns
:
Map of the settlements in Gornji Milanovac and their territory organisation.
Judicial system and safety
[
edit
]
Gornji Milanovac from its establishment had modern district court. Today it has Basic People Court and
Magistrates
Court. Also, it is among the safest municipalities in Serbia. According to National Statistical Institute of Serbia in 2013 Gornji Milanovac had 148 convicted adults and 16 juvenile.
[31]
Safety index of this municipality is among the highest than in other municipalities in Serbia 98.63%.
[32]
Politics
[
edit
]
According to the Law on Local Self-Government head of municipality (for this status they need population 10,000?99,000 citizens) is called "president" and for larger cities (100,000 and above population), they are called "mayors". Gornji Milanovac has/had 29 presidents in his history. In the following table are named presidents and not precise dates of their mandate:
[33]
Presidents of Municipalities
|
Political Party
|
Mandat period
|
Jovan Andri?
|
People's Radical Party
|
End 19th century
|
Maksim Sretenovi?
|
Stanoje Marinkovi?
|
Beginning of the 20th century
|
Dragoljub Skubic
|
Yugoslav National Party
,
Yugoslav Radical Union
|
1930s
|
Svetozar ?ivovi?
|
Yugoslav Radical Union
|
1941?1945
|
Branko Kne?evi?
|
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
|
1944?1945
[34]
|
Lazar Djordjevi?
|
1945?1947
|
Zdravko Radojevi?
|
1947
|
Uro? Ivanovi?
|
1947
|
Branko Petrovi?
|
1947
|
Mihailo Mile Te?i?
|
1947?1950
|
Milovan Milovanovi?
|
1950?1951
|
Hristivoje Popovi?
|
1951? 1955
|
Djordje Djoka Caji?
|
1955?1960
|
Milojko Veljovi?
|
1960?1963
|
Borivoje Novakovi?
|
1963?1965
|
Slobodan Stanojevi?
|
1965?1967
|
Dragoljub Dragan Pavlovi?
|
1967?1969
|
?ivojin Simovi?
|
1969?1974
|
Stanimir Jovanovi?
|
1974?1978; 1978?1982
|
Du?an M. Papi?
|
1982?1984
|
Jovan Tomovi?
|
1984?1986
|
Todor Popovi?
|
1986?1988
|
Pantelija Ga?i?
|
1989?1993
|
Dra?imir Maru?i?
|
First mandate as
League of Communists of Yugoslavia
, next three mandates as
Socialist Party of Serbia
|
1992?1993, 1993?1997, 1997?2000 and 2004?2010 (as an independent political candidate: Movement for municipality of Gornji Milanovac )
|
Aleksandar Pravdi?
|
Democratic Party of Serbia
|
2000?2001
|
Milutin M. Prodanovi?
|
2001?2004
|
Vladimir Simovi?
|
2004
|
Milisav Mirkovi?
|
Socialist Party of Serbia
|
2010?2012 and 2012?2016
|
Dejan Kova?evi?
|
Serbian Progressive Party
|
2016?present
|
Flag, Motto, and Coat of Arms
[
edit
]
First adopted representative solution for Gornji Milanovac was at the beginning of the '60s, with gray flag and complex emblem which consist of green and white colors. Symbols and colors are :
- Green and white was supposed to represent a clean environment with butterfly in the center of emblem,
- In the circle was put Serbian Cyrillic letter "Г (G)", which stands for first initial for "Gornji" and outside is also Serbian Cyrillic letter "M" which stands for the second initial of "Milanovac",
- Gear wheel with number 1853 (which symbolized year of foundation) at the bottom, which supposed to symbolized economical-financial and overall progress of Gornji Milanovac and his people:
The second adopted solution was adopted after the 2000s. This Coat of Arms and Flag was a political and heraldic problem between Socialists Party of Serbia on one side and other political organizations in this municipality on the other side. It was adopted three times: 2000?2004 (municipality government led by
DOS
), last quarter of 2004?2008 (municipality government led by
DSS
,
SRS
,
NS
,
SPO
,
G17+
,
DS
,
LDP
) and 2016?present (municipality government led by
SNS
,
NS
,
PUPS
,
PS
,
SDPS
and
ZS
). This coat of arms consists of two lions (red who is holding Serbian civil flag and yellow who is holding the flag of the municipality) with crowns and swords which represented royalty through history and courage of the citizens. In the center of the coat of arms it is positioned heater shield with golden oak and red cross in the middle of the shield. The purpose of these two symbols is to represent ancestors on this lands and red cross to represent rebellion flag from the Second Serbian Uprising and
" Zapis" or literally inscription
who were there in the moment of gathering all rebellions in that time. Above the heater shield is a stone crown which represents forts and the city history. The flag is a blue background with a wreath of willow flowers and nettle leaves which symbolizes
Palm Sunday
(on that holiday April 24, 1815, Serbian rebels gathered and begin the Second Serbian Uprising) and Serbian custom of knitting wreaths for health, luck and love purpose. In the center of the flag is a white background with red Greek Orthodox Cross which symbolizes above mentioned Second Serbian Uprising flag. The motto is positioned on the bottom of this coat of arms: "Време и мо?е право (Time and my right)".
The third adopted solution is now replaced emblem and flag of Gornji Milanovac. It is also and the flag of a political coalition called "Pokret za op?tinu Gornji Milanovac-POGM (Movement for Municipality of Gornji Milanovac)". The flag is white with some form of inverted Iberian shield. In the shield there are territorial map of municipality as treetop (positioned with blue background which represents sky), in the middle is oak stump which also symbolizes Zapis and Second Serbian Uprising (positioned with green background which represents grass and clean environment) and on the bottom of this emblem, there is inscription "Општина Гор?и Милановац (Municipality of Gornji Milanovac)" (positioned in brown background, which represent fertile soil. First flag version of the municipality, in the period of 2004?2008 was a horizontally oriented flag with red, blue and gold colors. In the center of this first solution flag was wreath and
Paja Jovanovi?
's painting of Second Serbian Uprising in the center of it. This first solution was abolished and replaced with the second version and also the flag of a political movement. First version was approved for ceremonial purpose. The motto of the municipality was:,, Усудити се, то ?е цена успеха (Venture is the price of success)".
-
First adopted the solution of emblem for the municipality of Gornji Milanovac (1961?2000)
-
Gornji Milanovac and Movement for Municipality of Gornji Milanovac emblem and the second version of flag
-
Big coat of arms of Gornji Milanovac (as of 2016)
-
Standard coat of arms of Gornji Milanovac (as of 2016)
-
Flag of Gornji Milanovac (as of 2016)
In the November 2016, new municipality authorities adopted Statute of Municipality Gornji Milanovac with previous, second solution.
[35]
Problems about flag, motto and coat of arms is in political nature. Above mention political Movement of Municipality Gornji Milanovac is adopting the third solution (now previous emblem). In the 2008 opposition parties suggest referendum about Municipality Statute, but referendum never held. Litigation continues even today and remains to see the next composition of municipality authorities.
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Gornji Milanovac is
twinned
with:
[36]
[37]
Blagoevgrad
, Bulgaria
Edessa
, Greece
Kavadarci
, North Macedonia
Kumanovo
, North Macedonia
Nowogard
, Poland
Pleven
, Bulgaria
Slavonska Po?ega
, Croatia
Slovenj Gradec
, Slovenia
Staro Nagori?ane
, North Macedonia
Starodub
, Russia
Star?e
, Slovenia
Trebinje
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Vefsn
, Norway
Vlasenica
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Sport
[
edit
]
Metalac stadium
The most popular sport in the city, besides
Basketball
,
Handball
and
Volleyball
, is definitely football (soccer). The governing body for the sport is Sportski Savez Op?tine Gornji Milanovac (engl. Sport Union of Municipality Gornji Milanovac-SSOGM). Besides New
Metalac Stadium
, Gornji Milanovac have: Sport Hall "Breza" (multi-purpose); Indoors Sport Swimming pool "Tipoplastika" (currently under reconstruction); Sport and recreative centers for workers, students and public in industry zones of Tipoplastika, Autoprevoz and Swisslion-Takovo companies; Outdoors Olympic pool;
[38]
two sport halls in Pranjani and at Rudnik; Sport Hall in Primary schools at Gornji Milanovac; two bowling hall (one at Metalac Stadium and one in area of professional school "Jovan ?ujovi?"); one beach soccer (football) and volleyball ground;
Ice skating rink
and one outdoors gym (nearby Sport Hall "Breza"); and "Takovo" Stadium (multipurpose).
Notable sport society from Gornji Milanovac are shown in following table:
Gornji Milanovac professional sports teams
Club
|
Sport
|
|
Venue
|
League
|
Description
|
FK Metalac Gornji Milanovac
|
Soccer (Football)
|
|
Metalac Stadium
|
Serbian First League
(2nd tier)
|
Men's football team. Established 1961.
|
FK Takovo
|
SD Takovo stadium
|
Serbian League West
(3rd tier)
|
Men's football team. Established 1911.
|
OK Takovo-Zvezda-Helios
(Women);
Takovo-Metalac
(Men)
|
Volleyball
|
|
SC "Breza"
|
Serbian First League (women, 2nd tier),
Serbian Super League
(men, 1st tier)
|
Men and women's volleyball team
|
SD Dragan Jeftic Skepo
|
Shooting
|
|
Shooting range SD Dragan Jefti? ?kepo
|
SSS Cup
|
Men and women's shooting team.
[39]
|
?RK Metalac AD
|
Handball
|
|
SC "Breza"
|
Serbian First League (West) for Women
|
Women's handball team
|
RK Tipoplastika
|
Sport and recreation center of Tipoplastika company
|
None
|
Men's handball team. Dissolved, 2000.
|
RK Omladinac
|
SC "Breza"
|
Serbian First League West
|
Dissolved in the 1980s. Reestablished 2012
|
KAF Metalac
|
American Football
|
|
Takovo Stadium
|
Ex Second Serbian and Montenegrin American Football National League (NLS)
|
Men's American football team. Dissolved.
|
KBK Milanovac
|
Kickboxing
|
|
Various
|
Future champions league
|
Men's kickboxing club
|
KK Metalac
|
Bowling
|
|
Atomsko Skloni?te and at
Metalac Stadium
|
Serbian Super League (bowling)
|
Men's bowling team
|
KMF Metalac-Kolorado
|
Futsal
|
|
SC "Breza"
|
Second Futsal League-West
|
Men's futsal team
|
AK Takovo
|
Athletics
|
|
Takovo stadium
|
Serbian Athletic League
|
Men and women's athletic team
|
AK Veteran
|
MK Lonely Riders
|
Motorcycles
|
|
SAS Parac
|
AMSS championship
|
Men and Women motorcycle club
|
OKK Takovo
|
Basketball
|
|
Hall of T? "Jovan ?ujovi?" and SC "Breza"
|
Junior Regional Basketball League-West
|
Men's basketball team
|
KK Ikar Gornji Milanovac
|
SC "Breza"
|
None
|
Men and Women's basketball club for children with special needs
|
KK GM032
|
SC "Breza"
|
Second Men Regional Basketball League-West group B
|
Men's basketball team
|
KK Takovo
|
Karate
|
|
SC "Breza"
|
No data
|
Men and Women's karate club
|
TK Takovo
|
Tennis
|
|
"Takovo" Stadium complex
|
Tennis League of Serbia
|
Men and women's tennis club
|
PK Kupidon
|
Darts
|
|
Various
|
Second national league
|
Men darts club
|
JK Grabovica
|
Sailing
|
|
None
|
None (dissolved, 2009)
|
Men sailing club
|
DK Arasi
|
Judo
|
|
Various
|
Unknown
|
Men's and women judo club
|
BK Car Du?an Silni
|
Shoot wrestling
|
|
Various
|
Serbian Battle Championship
|
Men shoot wrestling affiliation
|
PSD Rudnik
|
Mountaineering
|
|
Rudnik mountain complex
|
PSS Expeditions
|
Men's and women mountaineering sport association
|
?K Metalac-Takovo
|
Chess
|
|
Various
|
Serbian Super League
|
Men and women chess club
|
STSO Gornji Milanovac
|
Table Tennis
|
|
Various
|
Serbia Table Tennis Federation League
|
Men and women table tennis club
|
PK Domingo
|
Dance sport club
|
|
Various
|
Various
|
Men and women dance sport club
|
Also there are multisport activities and organizations in this municipality.
[40]
Such as: DTV Partizan (physical training club for children/school children and workers) and four junior football (soccer) clubs: "Poletarac", "Junior soccer", "Srpski orlovi" and "Sportic". As far as municipality association football (soccer) league, Gornji Milanovac has 12 members: Majdan, Jablanica, ?umadija, Ozrem PMH, ?ilopaj, Velere? '94, Ozremica, Mladi Rudar, Mladost '09, Takovski ustanak, Brezak, Sparta Grabovica and Omladinac. Every municipality football senior game is well covered by local residents. In Morava District league (5th level in Serbian Football league system) there are some Gornji Milanovac clubs, as: FK Napredak Svra?kovci, FK Backovac United, FK Donja Vrbava and FK Lunjevica.
Notable people
[
edit
]
This municipality has numerous of deserving citizens who have contributed to the progress of Serbia and Yugoslavia.
[41]
- Had?i-Prodan Gligorijevi?
, Serbian military commander in
First Serbian Uprising
- Jovan ?ujovi?
, anthropologist, a founder of geology in Serbia
- Mija Aleksi?
, Serbian actor
- Mom?ilo Nastasijevi?
, a Serbian poet and novelist
- Uro? Petrovi?
, literate
- Bjesovi
, alternative rock band
- Sne?ana đuri?i?
, Serbian and Yugoslavian folk singer
- ?edomir Mirkovi?
, Serbian writer and editor
- Draga Ma?in
, queen and wife of King Aleksandar Obrenovi? of the Kingdom of Serbia
- Ljubica Vukomanovi?
, Princess consort of the Principality of Serbia, wife of
Milo? Obrenovi?
- Jelena Abbou
,
nee
Jelena Djordjevic
Fitness and figure competition
- Dragan Todorovi?
, Serbian politician and president of political party "Isto?na alternativa (East Alternative)"
- Milomir Mari?
, Serbian journalist, writer, and television presenter
- Bojan Dimitrijevi?
, Serbian politician and ex-minister of Trade, Tourism, and Services in the Serbian government
- Dragi?a Vasi?
, Serbian and Yugoslavian lawyer, writer, publicist, soldier
- Arsenije Loma
, Serbian duke during the First and Second Serbian Uprising of the
Serbian revolution
- Ljubica Ota?evi?
, Serbian and Yugoslavian actor and women basketball player
- ?edomir Mirkovi?
, writer and critic
- Uro? Petrovi?
, poet
- Dobrica Matkovi?
, chief of the Royal Department for State Protection and Ban of Danube
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Municipalities of Serbia, 2006"
. Statistical Office of Serbia
. Retrieved
2010-11-28
.
- ^
"2022 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings: Ethnicity (data by municipalities and cities)"
(PDF)
. Statistical Office of Republic Of Serbia, Belgrade. April 2023.
ISBN
978-86-6161-228-2
. Retrieved
2023-04-30
.
- ^
Djura Vrbavac "Nikola Milicevic Lunjevica", Lybrary "Brothers Nastasijevic", Gornji Milanovac, 2009; COBISS.SR-ID 157333004
- ^
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/istorija-rtk.html%7CPrehistory
[
permanent dead link
]
of Gornji Milanovac, December 2014
- ^
Milomir Gli?i?, Du?an Ili?, Aleksandar Lazarevi?, Radmilo Lale Mandi?, Miroslav Laf Markovi?, Miodrag Risti?:, Stari Milanovac (The old Milanovac)", third edition. 2003.
ISBN
978-86-7152-018-8
. r.r
- ^
http://www.bibliotekagm.com/BN/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52&Itemid=34%7CLibrary
[
permanent dead link
]
"Brothers Nastasijevi?", October, 2014
- ^
https://www.youtube.com/user/GMUndergrounders
GM Undergrounders official Youtube page
- ^
"Плишани малишан, победник ?елен Демофеста"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-06-07
. Retrieved
2014-09-03
.
- ^
Winner of Demo Fest 2014 |
Demo Fest Live 2014: Pobednici ? Strah od D?eki ?ena
- ^
Gornji Milanovac and 72 municipalities in Serbia are great antagonist of GM food and they adopted prohibition |
http://www.studiob.rs/info/tema.php?id=459%7CRetrieved
[
permanent dead link
]
: February, 2015
- ^
https://gminfo.rs/bozicna-voznja-ulicama-milanovca/
| News about the organization of the Traditional Orthodox Christmas Festival; Retrieved: January 2020
- ^
"www.gornjimilanovac.rs"
. Archived from
the original
on 2013-10-03
. Retrieved
2014-09-03
.
- ^
a
b
http://www.camping.rs/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/Nacrt-Prostornog-plana-opstine-Gornji-Milanovac-2011.pdf
[
bare URL PDF
]
- ^
"www.gornjimilanovac.rs"
. Archived from
the original
on 2010-03-18
. Retrieved
2011-01-22
.
- ^
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/lat/ekoloska-monitoring-vazduh.html
|Results of
Air Quality measurements in Gornji Milanovac from Institute for Public Health-?a?ak, Retrieved: January 2020.
- ^
Background radiation on territory of Serbia |
http://www.srbatom.gov.rs/srbatom/doc/monitoring-izvestaj-2011.pdf
Archived
2015-04-12 at the
Wayback Machine
|Retrieved: April 2015
- ^
Republic Hydrometorogical Service of Serbia
"Average temperatures for Gornji Milanovac (2010?2013)"
(PDF)
. Republic Hydrometorogical Service of Serbia. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on September 18, 2017
. Retrieved
September 8,
2014
.
- ^
"www.gornjimilanovac.rs"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-07-29
. Retrieved
2014-07-25
.
- ^
Ores in Gornji Milanovac |
http://srbin.info/2014/06/09/sumadijski-auto-put-otkrio-zlato/%7CRetrieved
[
permanent dead link
]
: January, 2015
- ^
Terrain traits of the municipality of Gornji Milanovac |
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/geografske-odlike.html
|Retrieved: April 2015
- ^
"2011 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in the Republic of Serbia"
(PDF)
.
stat.gov.rs
. Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
. Retrieved
11 January
2017
.
- ^
Population in Serbia by number of migrants|
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/01/63/41/Dem.pdf%7CRetrieved
: March 2015
- ^
Population in Republic Serbia, Census 2011|
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/01/61/97/03Stanovnistvo.pdf%7CRetrieved
: March 2015
- ^
http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga4_Veroispovest.pdf%7CRelligion
and mother tongue structure of Serbian (December, 2014)
- ^
http://pod2.stat.gov.rs/ObjavljenePublikacije/Popis2011/Knjiga4_Veroispovest.pdf%7CList
of Mother tongue population in Serbia (December, 2014)
- ^
"Op?tina Gornji Milanovac - Zvani?na internet prezentacija"
.
- ^
Industry of Gornji Milanovac|
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/privreda.html%7CRetrieved
[
permanent dead link
]
in January 2014
- ^
Map of Poverty in Serbia |
http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/418641477472334751/Mapa-siromastva-u-Srbiji.pdf?%3Fcid%3DECA_FB_Serbia__EXT=
|Retrieved: November 2016
- ^
"MUNICIPALITIES AND REGIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA, 2019"
(PDF)
.
stat.gov.rs
.
Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
. 25 December 2019
. Retrieved
25 December
2019
.
- ^
https://moravainfo.rs/2019/03/lokalna-televizija-u-gornjem-milanovcu-hoce-da-ukrade-ime-portalu-gminfo/
Archived
2019-09-29 at the
Wayback Machine
| New media in Gornji Milanovac, Retrieved: January,2019
- ^
National Institute of Serbia-Convicted crimes in Serbia for 2013|
http://webrzs.stat.gov.rs/WebSite/repository/documents/00/01/62/45/20Pravosudje.pdf%7CRetrieved
in January 2014
- ^
Criminal rate of Serbia-2013|
http://www.numbeo.com/crime/country_result.jsp?country=Serbia
- ^
Milorad Gli?i?, Du?an Ili?, Aleksandar Lazarevi?, Radmilo Lale Mandi?, Miroslav Laf Markovi?, Miodrag Risti?: "Stari Milanovac ", Third amended edition, 2003,
ISBN
978-86-7152-018-8
- ^
List of the presidents of Gornji Milanovac |
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/istorija.html
|Retrieved: March 2015
- ^
New/Previous Coat of Arms of Municipality Gornji Milanovac adopted |
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/lat/saopstenje-678.html%7CRetrieved
[
permanent dead link
]
: November 2016
- ^
"Ме?ународна сарад?а општине Гор?и Милановац"
.
gornjimilanovac.rs
(in Serbian). Gornji Milanovac. Archived from
the original
on 2022-01-28
. Retrieved
2020-12-29
.
- ^
"Gornji Milanovac i ruski Starodub ja?aju pobratimstvo, od saradnje ima?e koristi i đaci"
.
gmpress.rs
(in Serbian). Gm Press. 2019-12-08. Archived from
the original
on 2021-07-13
. Retrieved
2020-12-29
.
- ^
"Gradski bazen u Gornjem Milanovcu"
. Archived from
the original
on 2014-09-04
. Retrieved
2014-09-04
.
- ^
http://www.naslovi.net/2010-09-25/pr-objave/za-titule-papovkom-i-vojnickom-puskom-u-subotu-i-nedelju-u-lazarevcu/2002112
[
dead link
]
- ^
Takovske novine, "Sport activities and awards", year LII, special edition: May 21st 2015, Retrieved: May, 2015, ISSN 0350-4867
- ^
http://www.gornjimilanovac.rs/istorija-milanovcani.html
|Notable people of Gornji Milanovac
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Kosovo declared independence in 2008 but is still claimed as part of its territory by Serbia.
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