From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
British pathologist
George Gow Brownlee
FRS
FMedSci
is a British
pathologist
and
Fellow
of
Lincoln College, Oxford
.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
Education
[
edit
]
Brownlee was educated at
Dulwich College
[7]
and
Emmanuel College, Cambridge
where he studied
Natural Sciences
and was awarded a Master of Arts degree followed by PhD in 1967 for research on
nucleotides
supervised by
Fred Sanger
at the
MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB)
.
[8]
[13]
[14]
Career and Research
[
edit
]
Brownlee was Professor of Chemical Pathology at
Sir William Dunn School of Pathology
, from 1978 to 2008.
[
citation needed
]
Brownlee cloned and expressed
human clotting factor IX
,
[15]
[16]
providing a recombinant source of this protein for
Haemophilia B
patients who had previously relied on the hazardous blood-derived product.
With
Merlin Crossley
he helped discover the two sets of
genetic mutations
that were preventing two key
proteins
from attaching to the
DNA
of people with a rare and unusual form of
Haemophilia B
?
Haemophilia B Leyden
? where sufferers experience episodes of excessive bleeding in childhood but have few bleeding problems after puberty. This lack of protein attachment to the DNA was thereby turning off the gene that produces
clotting factor IX
, which prevents excessive bleeding.
[17]
With
Peter Palese
and co-workers he developed the first
reverse genetics
system for
influenza
virus, markedly speeding up the process of developing
influenza vaccines
.
[18]
Brownlee authored a biography of
Fred Sanger
published in 2014.
[19]
[20]
Awards and honours
[
edit
]
Brownlee was awarded The
Colworth Medal
by the
Biochemical Society
in 1976
[1]
and elected a
Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1987
.
[7]
His certificate of election and candidature reads:
Distinguished for his work on the sequences of
nucleic acids
and their biological implications. He contributed to the development of methods using
32P-labelling
and two-dimensional fractionation techniques, which greatly accelerated the early
RNA
sequencing. He used these methods to determine the sequence of the
5S ribosomal RNA
, at that time the largest nucleic acid to be sequenced. He used fingerprint analysis of
messenger RNA
to demonstrate that
immunoglobulin
V- and C-regions were not discontinuous at the messenger RNA level, and early analysis of messenger RNA to identify a precursor for light chain synthesis. Parallel studies on
globin
messenger RNA demonstrated important features of eucaryotic translation. More recently he has developed faster methods for RNA sequencing and has applied them to
transfer RNAs
and
ovalbumin
messenger RNA. He also studied the DNA sequence of the ovalbumin gene and its insertion sequences. He determined the nucleotide sequence of the multiple gene coding for the 5S RNA in
Xenopus laevis
and showed that the coding regions alternated with a repetitious region and a "
pseudogene
" that had a sequence homologous with part of the 5S region.
[2]
Brownlee was also elected a
Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences
(FMedSci) in 1998
[7]
[3]
and an
EMBO Member
in 1979.
[21]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Brownlee, G. G. (1979). "The Fourteenth Colworth Medal Lecture Sequencing eukaryotic genes or the anatomy of DNA".
Biochemical Society Transactions
.
7
(2): 279?96.
doi
:
10.1042/bst0070279
.
PMID
570938
.
- ^
a
b
"Certificate of Election and Candidature: EC/1987/02 ? George Gow Brownlee"
. London:
Royal Society
. Archived from
the original
on 27 August 2015
. Retrieved
11 November
2013
.
- ^
a
b
"Professor George Brownlee FRS FMedSci: Emeritus Professor of Chemical Pathology"
. London: Academy of Medical Sciences. Archived from
the original
on 27 August 2015.
- ^
Brownlee, George G.
(2015).
"Frederick Sanger CBE CH OM. 13 August 1918 ? 19 November 2013"
.
Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
.
61
: 437?466.
doi
:
10.1098/rsbm.2015.0013
.
ISSN
0080-4606
.
- ^
"Oral History: Fred Sanger on George Brownlee"
.
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
. Archived from
the original
on 15 May 2015.
- ^
"Greg Winter, PhD"
. academictree.org. Archived from
the original
on 30 December 2015.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
"BROWNLEE, Prof. George Gow"
.
Who's Who
. Vol. 2015 (online
Oxford University Press
ed.). A & C Black.
(Subscription or
UK public library membership
required.)
- ^
a
b
"Professor George Brownlee, Lincoln College, Oxford"
. University of Oxford. Archived from
the original
on 18 December 2013.
- ^
George Brownlee's publications
indexed by the
Scopus
bibliographic database.
(subscription required)
- ^
Rao, Z.; Handford, P.; Mayhew, M.; Knott, V.; Brownlee, G. G.; Stuart, D. (1995).
"The structure of a Ca(2+)-binding epidermal growth factor-like domain: Its role in protein-protein interactions"
.
Cell
.
82
(1): 131?141.
doi
:
10.1016/0092-8674(95)90059-4
.
PMID
7606779
.
- ^
Caton, A. J.; Brownlee, G. G.; Yewdell, J. W.; Gerhard, W. (1982). "The antigenic structure of the influenza virus A/PR/8/34 hemagglutinin (H1 subtype)".
Cell
.
31
(2 Pt 1): 417?427.
doi
:
10.1016/0092-8674(82)90135-0
.
PMID
6186384
.
- ^
- ^
Brownlee, George Gow (1967).
Nucleotide sequences in the low molecular weight ribosomal ribonucleic acid of Escherichia coli
(PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.
ProQuest
301246027
.
- ^
Brownlee, George C. (2014).
"Fred Sanger, Double Nobel Laureate: A Biography"
.
RNA
.
22
(3): 317.
doi
:
10.1261/rna.055590.115
.
PMC
4748809
.
- ^
Choo, K. H.; Gould, K. G.; Rees, D. J. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1982). "Molecular cloning of the gene for human anti-haemophilic factor IX".
Nature
.
299
(5879): 178?180.
Bibcode
:
1982Natur.299..178C
.
doi
:
10.1038/299178a0
.
PMID
6287289
.
- ^
Anson, D. S.; Austen, D. E. G.; Brownlee, G. G. (1985). "Expression of active human clotting factor IX from recombinant DNA clones in mammalian cells".
Nature
.
315
(6021): 683?685.
Bibcode
:
1985Natur.315..683A
.
doi
:
10.1038/315683a0
.
PMID
2989700
.
- ^
Crossley, M; Brownlee, G. G. (1990). "Disruption of a C/EBP binding site in the factor IX promoter is associated with haemophilia B".
Nature
.
345
(6274): 444?6.
Bibcode
:
1990Natur.345..444C
.
doi
:
10.1038/345444a0
.
PMID
2342576
.
- ^
Fodor, E.; Devenish, L.; Engelhardt, O. G.; Palese, P.; Brownlee, G. G.; Garcia-Sastre, A. (1 November 1999).
"Rescue of influenza A virus from recombinant DNA"
.
Journal of Virology
.
73
(11): 9679?9682.
doi
:
10.1128/JVI.73.11.9679-9682.1999
.
ISSN
0022-538X
.
PMC
113010
.
PMID
10516084
.
- ^
"Fred Sanger, Double Nobel Laureate: A Biography"
.
Cambridge University Press
. Retrieved
22 August
2014
.
ISBN
1107083346
- ^
"Biography celebrates life of Fred Sanger"
. St. John's College, Cambridge.
- ^
"EMBO Profile: George G. Brownlee"
.
people.embo.org
. Heidelberg: European Molecular Biology Organization.
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