Gemeinsame Normdatei

GND: Screenshot of the German National Library .
Acronym	GND
Organisation	DNB
Introduced	5 April 2012  ( 2012-04-05 )
Example	7749153-1
Website	d-nb .info /standards /elementset /gnd

The Gemeinsame Normdatei (translated as Integrated Authority File ) or GND is an international authority file for the organisation of personal names, subject headings and corporate bodies from catalogues . It is used mainly for documentation in libraries and increasingly also by archives and museums . The GND is managed by the German National Library (German: Deutsche Nationalbibliothek ; DNB) in cooperation with various regional library networks in German-speaking Europe and other partners. The GND falls under the Creative Commons Zero (CC0) licence. ^[1]

The GND specification provides a hierarchy of high-level entities and sub-classes, useful in library classification , and an approach to unambiguous identification of single elements. It also comprises an ontology intended for knowledge representation in the semantic web , available in the RDF format. ^[2]

The GND became operational in April 2012 and integrates the content of the following authority files, which have since been discontinued:

• Personennamendatei (PND) (Translation: Name Authority File)
• Gemeinsame Korperschaftsdatei (GKD) (Translation: Corporate Bodies Authority File)
• Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) (Translation: Subject Headings Authority File)
• Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs (DMA-EST) (Translation: Uniform Title File of the German Music Archive)

It is referred to by identifiers named GND-ID .

At the time of its introduction on 5 April 2012, the GND held 9,493,860 files, including 2,650,000 personalised names. ^{[ citation needed ]} In July 2020 non-individualized files were deleted. In 2022, the GND held 9,370,736 files, including 5,937,788 personalised names. ^[3]

The GND participates in the Virtual International Authority File (VIAF) project.

Types of GND high-level entities [ edit ]

There are six main types of GND entities: ^[4]

References [ edit ]

External links [ edit ]

Wikidata has the property:

• GND ID (P227) (see uses )

• Information pages about the GND from the German National Library
• Search via OGND ( Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Wurttemberg )
• Bereitstellung des ersten GND-Grundbestandes Archived 2012-10-20 at the Wayback Machine DNB, 19 April 2012
• From Authority Control to Linked Authority Data Presentation given by Reinhold Heuvelmann (German National Library) to the ALA MARC Formats Interest Group, June 2012