From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Violence against and bullying of LGBT people
Gay bashing
is an attack,
abuse
, or
assault
committed against a person who is perceived by the aggressor to be
gay
,
lesbian
,
bisexual
,
transgender
or
queer
(
LGBTQ+
). It includes both
violence against LGBT people
and
LGBT bullying
. The term covers violence against and bullying of people who are LGBT, as well as non-LGBT people whom the attacker perceives to be LGBT.
Physical gay bashings sometimes involve extreme violence or murder motivated by the victim's
sexual orientation
,
gender identity
, or
gender expression
.
LGBT youth are more likely to report bullying than non-LGBT youth, particularly in schools. Victims of LGBT bullying may feel unsafe, resulting in depression and anxiety, including increased rates of suicide and attempted suicide. LGBT students may try to
pass
as heterosexual to escape the bullying, leading to further stress and isolation from available supports. Support organizations exist in many countries to prevent LGBT bullying and support victims. Some jurisdictions have passed legislation against LGBT bullying and harassment.
Violence
[
edit
]
LGBT people frequently experience violence directed toward their
sexuality
,
gender identity
, or
gender expression
.
[1]
This violence may be enacted by the state, as in laws
prescribing punishment
for homosexual acts, or by individuals. It may be motivated by
biphobia
,
gayphobia
,
homophobia
,
lesbophobia
, and
transphobia
. Influencing factors may be
cultural
,
religious
, or political
mores
and biases.
[2]
Bullying
[
edit
]
Bullying of LGBT people, particularly LGBT youth, involves intentional actions toward the victim, repeated negative actions by one or more people against another person, and an imbalance of physical or psychological power.
[3]
LGBT youth are more likely to report bullying than non-LGBT youth.
[4]
In one study, boys who were bullied with taunts of being gay suffered more bullying and more negative effects compared with boys who were bullied with other categories of taunting.
[5]
Some researchers suggest including youth questioning their sexuality in any research on LGBT bullying because they may be as susceptible to its effects as LGBT students.
[6]
[7]
[8]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Meyer, Doug (December 2012). "An Intersectional Analysis of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) People's Evaluations of Anti-Queer Violence".
Gender & Society
.
26
(6): 849?873.
doi
:
10.1177/0891243212461299
.
S2CID
145812781
.
- ^
Meyer, Doug (2015).
Violence against Queer People
. Rutgers University Press. Archived from
the original
on May 15, 2019
. Retrieved
July 20,
2017
.
- ^
"Bullying Myths and Facts"
. US Dept of Education. Archived from
the original
on March 25, 2010
. Retrieved
October 2,
2010
.
- ^
Berlan, ED; Corliss, HL; Field, AE; et al. (April 2010).
"Sexual Orientation and Bullying Among Adolescents in the Growing Up Today Study"
.
Journal of Adolescent Health
.
46
(4): 366?71.
doi
:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.10.015
.
PMC
2844864
.
PMID
20307826
.
- ^
Swearer, SM; Turner, RT; Givens, JE (2008).
"
"You're so gay!": Do different forms of bullying matter for adolescent males?"
.
School Psychology Review
.
37
(2): 160?173.
doi
:
10.1080/02796015.2008.12087891
.
S2CID
6456413
.
- ^
Swearer, S. M.; Turner, R. K.; Givens, J. E.; Pollack, W. S. (2008).
"You're So Gay!": Do Different Forms of Bullying Matter for Adolescent Males?"
.
School Psychology Review
.
37
(2): 160?173.
doi
:
10.1080/02796015.2008.12087891
.
S2CID
6456413
.
- ^
Russell, S. T.; Joyner, K. (2001).
"Adolescent Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk: Evidence From a National Study"
.
American Journal of Public Health
.
91
(8): 1276?1281.
doi
:
10.2105/ajph.91.8.1276
.
PMC
1446760
.
PMID
11499118
.
- ^
Williams, T.; Connolly, J.; Pepler, D.; Craig, W. (2005).
"Peer Victimization, Social Support, and Psychosocial Adjustment of Sexual Minority Adolescents"
(PDF)
.
Journal of Youth and Adolescence
.
34
(5): 471?482.
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.459.218
.
doi
:
10.1007/s10964-005-7264-x
.
S2CID
56253666
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on August 8, 2017
. Retrieved
November 1,
2017
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- Meyer, Doug (2015). Violence against Queer People: Race, Class, Gender, and the Persistence of Anti-LGBT Discrimination. Rutgers University Press.
- Boswell, John (1980).
Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality: Gay People in Western Europe from the Beginning of the Christian Era to the Fourteenth Century
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
978-0-226-06711-7
.
- Cuordileone, K. A. (2000). "
'Politics in an Age of Anxiety': Cold War Political Culture and the Crisis in American Masculinity".
Journal of American History
.
87
(2): 515?45.
doi
:
10.2307/2568762
.
JSTOR
2568762
.
- D'Emilio, John (1989). "The Homosexual Menace: The Politics of Sexuality in Cold War America". In Peiss, Kathy; Simmons, Christina (eds.).
Passion and Power: Sexuality in History
. Temple University Press. pp. 226?40.
- Edsall, Nicholas C. (2003).
Toward Stonewall: Homosexuality and Society in the Modern Western World
. U. of Virginia Press. p. 384.
ISBN
978-0-8139-2543-1
.
- D'Emilio, John; Freedman, Estelle B. (1997).
Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America, Second Edition
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
978-0-226-14264-7
.
- Fone, Byrne (2001).
Homophobia: A History
. Macmillan.
ISBN
978-0-312-42030-7
.
- Hatheway, Jay (2003).
The Gilded Age Construction of Modern American Homophobia
. Palgrave Macmillan.
ISBN
978-0-312-23492-8
.
- Jenness, Valerie; Richman, Kimberly D. (2002). "Anti-Gay and Lesbian Violence and Its Discontents". In Richardson, Diane; Seidman, Steven (eds.).
Handbook of Lesbian and Gay Studies
. pp. 403+.
- Jenness, Valerie; Grattet, Ryken (2001).
Making Hate a Crime: From Social Movement to Law Enforcement
. Russell Sage Foundation.
ISBN
978-0-87154-409-4
.
- Johnson, David K. (2004).
The Lavender Scare: The Cold War Persecution of Gays and Lesbians in the Federal Government
. University of Chicago Press.
ISBN
978-0-226-40190-4
.
- Kantor, Martin (1998).
Homophobia: Description, Development, and Dynamics of Gay Bashing
. Praeger.
ISBN
978-0-275-95530-4
.
- Minton, Henry L. (2002).
Departing from Deviance: A History of Homosexual Rights and Emancipatory Science in America
. U. of Chicago Press. pp.
344
.
ISBN
978-0-226-53044-4
.
- Padva, Gilad (2007). "Media and Popular Culture Representations of LGBT Bullying".
Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services
.
19
(3?4): 105?118.
doi
:
10.1080/10538720802161615
.
S2CID
145065140
.
- Downs, Alan (2005).
The Velvet Rage, Overcoming the Pain of Growing Up Gay in a Straight Man's World
. Da Capo Press.
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