Flag carrier of Indonesia
Garuda Indonesia
is the
flag carrier
of
Indonesia
, headquartered at
Soekarno?Hatta International Airport
near
Jakarta
. A successor of
KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf
, it is a member of
SkyTeam
airline alliance
and the second-largest
airline of Indonesia
after
Lion Air
, operating scheduled flights to
a number of destinations
across Asia, Europe, and Australia from its hubs, focus cities, as well as other cities for
Hajj
. It is the only Indonesian airline that flies to European airspace.
At its peak from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, Garuda operated an extensive network of flights all over the world, with regularly scheduled services to
Adelaide
,
Cairo
,
Fukuoka
,
Johannesburg
,
Los Angeles
,
Paris
,
Rome
, and other cities in Europe, Australia and Asia.
[6]
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a series of financial and operational difficulties hit the airline hard, causing it to drastically cut back services. In 2009, the airline undertook a five-year modernization plan known as the
Quantum Leap
, which overhauled the airline's brand, livery, logo and uniforms, as well as acquiring a newer, more modern fleet and facilities and renewing focus on international markets. It earned Garuda awards such as Most Improved Airline, 5-Star Airline, and World's Best Cabin Crew by
Skytrax
. Garuda has since fallen back to financial difficulties exarcebated by dysfunctional management and corruption. However, it has maintained its service and safety standards. The top management was replaced in 2020 and a new restructuring programme is also underway.
Garuda also operated a budget subsidiary,
Citilink
, that provided low-cost flights to multiple Indonesian destinations and was
spun-off
in 2012.
[7]
In November 2018, the airline took over operations as well as financial management of
Sriwijaya Air
by a cooperation agreement (KSO);
[8]
the contract expired in December 2019.
History
[
edit
]
Beginnings (1949?60s)
[
edit
]
The earliest predecessor to Garuda Indonesia was
KNILM
, Royal Dutch Indies Airways, founded in 1928 during the
Dutch colonial period
; despite the similar name, it was not a subsidiary of the main Dutch carrier
KLM
.
[9]
KNILM was dissolved in 1947, and its assets were transferred to a new KLM subsidiary,
KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf
(KLM Interinsular Service), which was nationalized in December 1949.
[9]
In its current institutional form, Garuda Indonesia had its beginnings in the
Indonesian war of independence
against the Dutch in the late 1940s, when Garuda flew special transports with a
Douglas DC-3
. The first aircraft was a DC-3 known as
Seulawah
(Acehnese: "Gold Mountain", or from Arabic Shalawah, means praise/worship) and was purchased for 120,000
Malayan dollars
, which was provided by the
people of Aceh
(notably local merchants).
[10]
The first commercial flight from
Calcutta
to
Rangoon
was on 26 January 1949, using a DC-3 Dakota aircraft with the tail number RI 001 and the name Indonesian Airways. 26 January 1949 is generally recognized as the airline's founding date.
[11]
The name
Garuda
is taken from the
Hindu
tradition: it is the name of Lord
Vishnu
's mount (
vahana
) and was introduced in 1949. During the
Dutch?Indonesian Round Table Conference
at The Hague, from 23 August to 2 November 1949, Indonesian President
Sukarno
cited a Dutch poem by a renowned Javanese scholar and poet Raden Mas
Noto Soeroto
: "
Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw eilanden
", which means "I'm Garuda, Vishnu's Bird, that spreads its wings high above the Islands". The first flight under the name Garuda Indonesian Airways was made with a second DC-3 entering service in 1949. Its first flight under the new name was to pick up Sukarno in Yogyakarta on 28 December.
[12]
Throughout the revolution, Garuda supported national interests and often carried diplomats on its flights. The
Burmese government
helped the airline significantly during its beginnings. The country's national airline,
Union of Burma Airways
, often chartered one of the airline's DC-3s for its own flights. Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with
KLM
on 31 March 1950, the airline gave the Burmese government a DC-3.
By the early and mid-1950s, the airline operated a fleet of 38 aircraft, including 22 DC-3s, 8
Catalina
seaplanes, and 8
Convair 240s
. In 1956, the airline operated its first flight to Mecca with Convair aircraft, carrying 40 Indonesian pilgrims.
[11]
Garuda's fleet continued to grow throughout the 1960s, during which the airline continued its expansion. It acquired three
Lockheed L-188 Electras
in 1961, which supplemented its
Convair CV-240
fleet, before taking delivery of its first jet aircraft, the
Convair 990 Coronado
, in 1963, which allowed it to launch flights to Hong Kong.
In 1965, the airline took delivery of its first
Douglas DC-8
, and grew beyond the Asian market it was focused on, beginning scheduled flights from
Kemayoran Airport
to
Amsterdam
and
Frankfurt
via
Colombo
,
Bombay
, and
Prague
.
Rome
and
Paris
became the airline's third and fourth European destinations, with flights stopping in Bombay and
Cairo
to refuel. Flights to the People's Republic of China began that same year, with service to
Guangzhou
via
Phnom Penh
, the first Indonesian airline to do so.
Continued growth (1970s?90s)
[
edit
]
During the early 1970s, Garuda Indonesia took delivery of both the
McDonnell Douglas DC-9
and
Fokker F28 Fellowship
for its short and medium-haul operations. The airline went on to take delivery of 62 F28s, holding the title of the largest operator of the F28 in the world. In 1976, Garuda took delivery of its first
McDonnell Douglas DC-10
, giving it the capability to carry more passengers and fly longer flights, and replaced the DC-8 and Convair 990 fleet on flights within Asia and to Europe. The DC-10 became an integral part of the Garuda fleet for the years to come, outlasting the newer
McDonnell Douglas MD-11s
, before the type was finally retired in 2002. In 1980, the airline took delivery of the first
Boeing 747-200
, complementing the DC-10 on high-capacity or long-range routes.
On 21 June 1982, Garuda became the launch customer of the
Airbus A300
B4-220FFCC, the first variant of the A300 capable of being operated with two pilots instead of three. By 1984, nine of these were in service, supplemented by 8
McDonnell Douglas DC-10s
, 24
DC-9s
, 45
Fokker F-28s
, and 6
Boeing 747-200s
. In 1985 under
Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta
, who had been CEO since 1984, Garuda made the controversial decision to hire foreign brand consultants
Landor Associates
to create a new logo, livery and brand, a project regarded as expensive and unnecessary at the time but later applauded as vital for Garuda's reputation and corporate identity as the national airline.
Under Lumenta, Garuda also increased the number of flight frequencies and destinations, reduced ticket prices and collaborated with
Merpati Nusantara Airlines
, introducing flexible tickets valid for both Indonesian airlines.
[13]
[14]
In 1990, Garuda took delivery of the
McDonnell Douglas MD-11s
,
[11]
which gradually replaced the DC-10 on flights to Europe and allowed the airline to launch flights to Los Angeles via
Honolulu
.
[6]
During this time, the airline operated a fleet of the aforementioned MD-11s, DC-10s, 747, Airbus A300 and
Boeing 737-400
, operating it to destinations throughout Asia, Europe and North America. In 1994, Garuda took delivery of its first
Boeing 747-400
aircraft, which became a mainstay of its fleet until 2015, operating hajj flights and high-density short-haul routes, while the delivery of the first
Airbus A330-300
in 1996 allowed more flexibility, as it was more fuel-efficient than the three- and four-engine jets. That same year, Garuda placed an order for six
Boeing 777
aircraft,
[15]
due for delivery in 2000, but a new series of challenges and difficulties were about to hit the airline.
Difficult period (1996?2004)
[
edit
]
The late 1990s and early 2000s proved a turbulent and difficult time for Garuda; accidents in
Fukuoka
in 1996 and
Medan
in 1997 added to problems caused by the
1997 Asian financial crisis
, resulting in a drastic reduction in operations, including termination of service to the Americas and a massive scaling back of its European operations. Largely due to historical links with the
Netherlands
, Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam after the initial cutbacks. The other European routes continued were Frankfurt and London, but they were discontinued in 2003 and the Amsterdam route was discontinued on 28 October 2004. The situation was exacerbated by the
11 September 2001 terrorist attacks
in the U.S., the
Bali bombings
, the
2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami
, and the
SARS
scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonesian tourism. However, Garuda attempted to launched its first non stop flight from Jakarta to Europe with a Jakarta to Frankfurt service on October 28, 2001 as flight numbers GA970/971, the route was short lived and the route was axed in early 2002 due to the effect of tourism caused by the attacks in the US on September 11 the previous year, along with its tourism downfall.
[16]
Shortly after, its earlier order for the Boeing 777 was deferred, and so was an order for 18
Boeing 737-800s
to replace its ageing 737 Classic fleet.
[15]
By 2005, Garuda had largely recovered from its economic problems, swapping its order for six Boeing 777-200ERs for 10
Boeing 787
-8 Dreamliners in 2005,
[15]
but its operational problems remained.
[17]
Munir murder (2004?2006)
[
edit
]
On 7 September 2004, Garuda's reputation suffered further damage when human rights activist
Munir Said Thalib
, travelling to Amsterdam via Singapore on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974, was assassinated by off-duty pilot
Pollycarpus Priyanto
, who slipped arsenic into his drink sometime before the departure of the flight's second leg to Amsterdam. Munir was reported to have felt unwell several hours after departure from Singapore, during which time he was checked on by a doctor who happened to be on board and moved to the business class cabin to sleep. He died about two hours before arrival in Amsterdam, sparking an international controversy, during which time Priyanto, CEO Indra Setiawan, and deputy Rohainil Aini were all convicted of his murder, although it has been alleged it was under orders from the
Indonesian State Intelligence Agency
(Badan Intelijen Negara).
[18]
[19]
[20]
The airline was found negligent in failing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow,
[21]
but failed to do so.
[22]
European ban (2007?2009)
[
edit
]
In June 2007, the EU banned Garuda Indonesia and all other Indonesian airlines, from flying into any European countries,
[23]
[24]
following the
crash of Flight 200
earlier that year. With the support of the international aviation industry for all Indonesian airlines, the EU promised to review its ban and sent a team of experts, led by the
European Commission
's Air Safety Administrator Federico Grandini to Indonesia to consider lifting the ban.
[25]
In August 2007, Indonesia's transportation minister announced that the EU would lift its ban hopefully sometime in October, saying that the ban was attributed to communication breakdown between the two parties and that discussions were in progress.
In November 2007, Garuda announced its intention to fly to
Amsterdam
from Jakarta and Denpasar with either
Airbus A330
or
Boeing 777
aircraft if the EU lifted its ban.
[26]
On 28 November 2007, the EU said that the safety reforms already undertaken were a step in the right direction for the EU to consider lifting the ban, but still did not satisfy the EU's aviation safety standards, and thus did not lift its ban.
[27]
The ban was lifted in July 2009,
[28]
after which Garuda began evaluating service to Amsterdam and other European destinations, as well as the United States.
[29]
Developments after lifting of ban (2009?2020)
[
edit
]
Following the lifting of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers, the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the
Quantum Leap
.
[30]
[31]
The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's
livery
, staff uniform and logo, and nearly doubling the size of its fleet from 62 to 116.
[30]
The
Quantum Leap
also plans to boost annual passenger numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62.
[30]
Route expansions included
Amsterdam
, with a stopover in
Dubai
, in 2010. As of 2014, Garuda flies to Amsterdam non-stop five times a week using a
Boeing 777-300ER
with continuing service to
London
, with the sixth weekly service to be added by the end of 2015. Other European and American cities such as
Frankfurt
,
Paris
,
Rome
,
Madrid
and
Los Angeles
are being considered for reopening.
[32]
[33]
[34]
[35]
[36]
As part of the
Quantum Leap
, the airline refreshed its logo and redesigned its livery in 2009, more than 20 years after the last update.
[37]
New uniforms were introduced in 2010.
[38]
In 2010, the airline placed a firm order for six additional Airbus A330s at the 2010
Farnborough Airshow
,
[39]
while it opened a new hub at
Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport
,
Makassar
, South Sulawesi to increase services to the eastern part of Indonesia on 1 June 2011, its third after
Jakarta
and
Denpasar
.
[40]
In 2013, Garuda's won the
Skytrax
World's Best Cabin Crew Awards, and in 2018, Garuda's won the awards again for the fifth consecutive year.
During this period, the airline also added additional frequencies to many of its international routes, including to Singapore, Bangkok, Beijing and Shanghai from Jakarta, while it also added capacity to Denpasar-Seoul.
At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25.
[41]
All 25 Airbus A320s are to be used by their subsidiary,
Citilink
[42]
The airline's earlier order for the
Boeing 787
, made in 2005, was changed once more, due to the delays in the 787's entry into service. Garuda opted to sign for 10
Boeing 777-300ERs
instead, which it would take delivery of in 2013 to use on long-haul flights to Europe, and medium-haul flights within Asia, such as to Japan, China, Singapore and Saudi Arabia, as well as short-haul domestic routes between Jakarta and Denpasar.
The airline made its debut on the
Indonesia Stock Exchange
in February 2011,
[43]
with the
government of Indonesia
retaining a majority of the shares. PT Trans Airways bought 10.9% stake of Garuda Indonesia unsold IPO shares from underwriters on 27 April 2012. The transaction was valued at Rp 1.53 trillion ($166.8 million).
[44]
In late 2014, the airline became one of seven airlines to earn the prestigious 5-star rating from
Skytrax
, marking the end of the 5-year
Quantum Leap
program.
[45]
Following this announcement, Emirsyah Satar, who had been CEO for the past nine years, announced his resignation and retirement and promoted former Citilink chief Arif Wibowo as his successor.
Following Wibowo's promotion, he began a "Quick Wins" cost-cutting drive to cut down on losses while boosting revenue through various measures, including cancelling unprofitable routes and increasing staff efficiency.
[46]
Despite this, Wibowo remained committed to continuing the airline's international expansion, particularly once market conditions, such as the weakening rupiah, improved. This was reaffirmed following the airline's announcement of its intent to order 90 new aircraft, from both Boeing and Airbus, worth $20 billion at list prices at the 2015 Paris Air Show.
[47]
Wibowo retired from his position in 2017, replaced by Pahala Nugraha Mansury the same year before being replaced by I Gusti Ngurah Askhara Danadiputra, otherwise known as Ari Askhara in 2018.
During Ari Askhara's leadership, Garuda introduced live acoustic concerts on domestic flights, which led to criticism.
[48]
as well as reopening the London route from Denpasar, with transit in Medan's
Kualanamu International Airport
. It also hit with three high-profile scandals.
In April 2019, Chairal Tanjung and Donny Oskaria, Independent Commissioners of the airline called out that Garuda's 2018 Annual Report was not in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, thus deciding not to sign the report. Both
Ministry of Finance
and
Financial Services Authority
found various violations inside the report as both Independent Commissioners told the public, which led to both regulators imposing a penalty to the airline and auditors involved.
[49]
[50]
On 13 July 2019, travel reviewer and YouTuber Rius Vernandes shared a picture of a hand-written menu during his flight from Sydney to Jakarta, which led to Garuda's management reporting him to the police followed by the airline issuing a regulation prohibiting selfies on the plane and a lawsuit prompted by the Garuda's workers' association also known as SEKARGA. Both Garuda's and SEKARGA's action were panned and criticized by worldwide netizens. Through mediation, Rius and Garuda reached a settlement, and SEKARGA pulled the lawsuit on 19 July 2019.
[51]
[52]
Controversy during the leadership of Ari Askhara
[
edit
]
On 5 December 2019, Ari Askhara was fired from his position for smuggling a classic
Harley-Davidson
motorcycle and
Brompton
folded bicycle. The motorcycle and bicycle were found by the
Soekarno?Hatta International Airport
's
Customs and Excise
team inside a recently-delivered
Airbus A330-900
aircraft.
[53]
[54]
It was revealed that Ari Askhara and other directors had been implementing various policies that harmed Garuda flight attendants, such as mutation without explanation, additional flight hours, and discrimination between employees.
[55]
[56]
[57]
[58]
These policies were subsequently revoked.
[59]
A year later in December 2020, it was revealed through
Twitter
that many Garuda flight attendants had been victims of sexual harassment and coercion to prostitution during Ari's leadership, with many attendants confirming that VP Cabin Attendant Roni Eka Mirsa was the pimp for the prostitution circle.
[57]
[60]
[61]
Police responded by investigating the whistleblower in the case for defamation after a report was filed by an air hostess who was allegedly the mistress of various executives at state-owned enterprises. She later dropped the complaint.
[62]
State-owned Enterprises Minister
Erick Thohir
said that he would consider dismissing executives of state-owned enterprises if their female employees have faced sexual harassment.
[63]
COVID-19 pandemic (2020?2023)
[
edit
]
On 14 May 2020, as a result of the
COVID-19 pandemic
and its
impacts on aviation
and
airlines
, Garuda Indonesia furloughed 800 of its staff for at least three months. In June, it laid off 180 contracted pilots.
[64]
The airline implemented face masks for crew members in accordance with health regulations to prevent the spread of the disease. On 16 June 2020, after some passengers complained that they could not see the flight attendants' faces, Garuda president director Irfan Setiaputra said the airline was planning to replace face masks with face shields for its cabin crew.
[65]
Three days later, in response to public criticism of the plan, he said Garuda's flight attendants would not stop using face masks.
[66]
Financial trouble
[
edit
]
Due to the prolonged pandemic, Garuda Indonesia experienced problems in operations, management, and funding. Its debt became arisen and unpaid, and the corporation is currently on the verge of bankruptcy and future closure by the government.
[67]
In the effort to save the airline, Garuda has cut around 30 percent of its workforce, reducing its staff to 5,400 from 7,861. Garuda claims that its board of directors and its commissioners have taken a pay cut as well.
[68]
At the end of 2021, Garuda reported a debt of $9.8 billion to more than 800 creditors, complicating efforts for out-of-court settlement attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic, where Garuda's income dropped by 70 percent.
[69]
As the future replacement of Garuda Indonesia in case the corporation is deemed beyond saving, the government prepared
Pelita Air Service
, a cargo airline currently owned by
Pertamina
, to be the successor of Garuda Indonesia as the new flag carrier of Indonesia.
[70]
[71]
In May 2022, Garuda appeared in court for its attempts to reschedule its debts. Garuda filed for a 30-day delay in the proceedings, which is granted by the court. This was the second extension given by the court, as the original court date was in March 2022.
[72]
In April 2022, the Sixth Committee of Indonesia's People Representative Council and Erick Thohir, Indonesia's Minister of State Owned Enterprises, decided to execute a scheme to save the ailing airline.
[73]
In June 2022, during Garuda's attempt to delay payment of its debts, Garuda announced that its debt was $8.3 billion, where its biggest debtors were Airbus SE and Pertamina.
[74]
If the delay to pay its debts was accepted by its creditors, Garuda promised that it would be profitable in 3 years.
[75]
Garuda will also seek funding of $1.3 billion through global bonds and issuance of new stocks.
[76]
On 17 June 2022, Garuda's creditors voted to accept Garuda's debt restructuring, saving the company from bankruptcy.
[77]
Boeing did not join the debt restructuring process because Garuda stated that its amount of debt to Boeing was not verified yet, and Garuda stated that if Boeing did not confirm its debt to Boeing in 30 days after the debt restructuring, Garuda's debt to Boeing could be totally removed.
[78]
On 20 June 2022, Garuda's debt restructuring was put on hold because two of the lessors did not agree with the debt restructuring, and a new court date was set on 27 June.
[79]
In September 2022, Garuda Indonesia filed for US Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection.
[80]
Corruption case
[
edit
]
On 22 June 2022, Attorney General's Office of Indonesia said it was finishing its investigation of corruption in the purchase of CRJ-1000 and ATR72-600 aircraft, which is illegal. Setijo Awibowo, the Vice President of Strategic Management, Agus Wahjudo, the Executive Project Manager of Aircraft Delivery and ex-Vice President of Treasury Management Albert Burhan are suspects in the case. Emirsyah Satar, the CEO during the alleged corruption, has been arrested for another corruption case. The loss for Indonesia is reported to be US$609 million.
[81]
Corporate affairs and identity
[
edit
]
Presidents and CEOs
[
edit
]
Name
|
From
|
To
|
Dr. E. Konijnenburg
|
1950
|
1954
|
Ir. Soetoto
|
1954
|
1959
|
Marsekal Iskandar
|
1959
|
1961
|
Partono
|
1961
|
1965
|
Soedarmo
|
1965
|
1968
|
Wiweko Soepono
|
1968
|
1984
|
Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta
[13]
|
1984
|
1988
|
Soeparno
|
1988
|
1992
|
Wage Mulyono
|
1992
|
1995
|
Soepandi
|
1995
|
1998
|
Robby Djohan
|
1998
|
1999
|
Abdul Gani
|
1999
|
2002
|
Indra Setiawan
|
2002
|
2005
|
Emirsyah Satar
[82]
|
2005
|
2014
|
Muhammad Arif Wibowo
|
2014
|
2017
|
Pahala Nugraha Mansury
[83]
|
2017
|
2018
|
I Gusti Ngurah Askhara Danadiputra
|
2018
|
2019
|
Fuad Rizal
|
2019
|
2020
|
Irfan Setiaputra
|
2020
|
present
|
Branding and livery
[
edit
]
Since its establishment, Garuda Indonesia has changed its branding and livery multiple times.
Original livery and logo
[
edit
]
During the airline's early years, Garuda's colour scheme was a simple "Indonesia Airways" logotype with blue lines running along the fuselage and the Indonesian flag on the horizontal stabiliser.
1960s rebranding
[
edit
]
In the 1960s, Garuda introduced a red and white colour scheme in accordance with the Indonesian national identity and the
Indonesian flag
. Also during this period, the airline introduced a bird logo: a triangle stylized eagle-like Garuda with a red and white shield. The logo was painted on the
vertical stabiliser
of Garuda's aircraft from 1961 to 1969.
1970s rebranding
[
edit
]
In the 1970s, a
logotype
with a unique font replaced the triangular eagle as Garuda's corporate identity, along with a new colour scheme consisting of a red and orange "hockey stick" line running along the aircraft's windows and vertical stabiliser. This livery was used from 1969 to 1985.
1985 rebranding
[
edit
]
In 1985, Garuda underwent a complete branding makeover, changing its name into "Garuda Indonesia" along with its livery, logo and logotype. The new branding and livery were created by
Landor Associates
who also created the new logo: the Garuda symbol with five bent lines forming its wings.
[84]
The colour scheme was changed to a deep royal blue and aqua color, said to be inspired by the nature of Indonesia that was dominated by tropical greenery and seas when viewed from the air. The nationalistic red and white colour scheme was no longer used.
2009 rebranding
[
edit
]
In 2009, a new branding initiative was launched through a new image, developed once again by brand consultant Landor Associates: a new spin of the idea called "nature's wing".
[84]
Garuda has since replaced the old logo painted on its aircraft's vertical stabilisers with this new "nature's wing" graphic of blue and aqua shades. The "nature's wing" graphic was inspired by the wings of tropical birds as well as the ripples of waves upon the water.
[85]
The bird symbol designed by Landor 24 years earlier is still maintained as Garuda Indonesia's logo, with minor changes, while the logotype now uses a font similar to Myriad Pro.
Special liveries
[
edit
]
To celebrate its 62 years of service, on 26 January 2011, Garuda Indonesia painted 2 of its
Boeing 737-800s
with retro liveries the airline used in the 1960s and 1970s.
To raise awareness on wearing masks during the
COVID-19 pandemic
, Garuda Indonesia painted five of their aircraft with a surgical mask tied to its nose, with the words "
Ayo pakai masker
," meaning "Please wear masks," introduced on 1 October 2020. This is part of Indonesia's governmental responses to the pandemic, however the design itself is from an ongoing competition Garuda launched called
Fly Your Design Through The Sky
, asking people to design masks to be painted in one of their planes.
[86]
A
Douglas DC-3
Seulawah
RI-001, with the simple "Indonesia Airways" logotype, Indonesian flag and blue lines (1949 ? 1961)
A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1985 with the red and orange color scheme (1969 ? 1985)
This set of images shows the evolution of Garuda Indonesia's livery.
Head office
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia has its head office at
Soekarno?Hatta International Airport
in
Tangerang
,
Banten
,
Indonesia
,
[87]
[88]
near
Cengkareng
and near
Jakarta
.
[89]
The head office is the Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center. The about 17,000-square-metre (180,000 sq ft) head office facility is on a 5-hectare (12-acre) plot of land. As of 2009, the head office houses the Garuda management and about 1,000 employees from various units.
Indonesian President
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
opened the current Garuda head office in 2009.
[90]
The previous head office was located in the city center of Jakarta, in
Central Jakarta
.
[90]
[91]
[92]
Privatization
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia had announced that its subsidiary GMF AeroAsia would be listed in
Indonesia Stock Exchange
in 2008. However, due to the
financial crisis of 2008
, GMF delayed
IPO
until 2009. The Ministry of State-Owned Companies (Kementrian BUMN) had also announced a plan to privatize Garuda, that opened a possibility to offer its shares publicly.
Garuda Indonesia aimed to list on 11 February 2011, for an initial public offering.
[93]
The Government of Indonesia confirmed the IPO price of Garuda Indonesia at Rp.750 per share and also cut the offering size to 6.3 billion shares only from 9.362 billion planned before.
[94]
Subsidiaries
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia's subsidiaries include:
Garuda Indonesia Group
[95]
[96]
Company
|
Type
|
Principal activities
|
Country
|
Group's Equity Shareholding
|
PT Citilink Indonesia
|
Subsidiary
|
Low-cost airline
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aero Asia Tbk
|
Subsidiary
|
Aircraft Maintenance
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
PT Aero Wisata
|
Subsidiary
|
Travel, hotel, transportation and catering services
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
PT Sabre Travel Network Indonesia (Previously Abacus)
[97]
|
Subsidiary
|
Computer reservation provider
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
PT Gapura Angkasa
|
Subsidiary
|
Ground handling service
|
Indonesia
|
58,75%
[98]
|
PT Aero Systems Indonesia
|
Subsidiary
|
IT
provider and solutions
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
Cargo Garuda Indonesia
|
Strategic Business Unit
|
Cargo
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
Garuda Sentra Medika
|
Strategic Business Unit
|
Aircrew health services
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
PT Aerojasa Perkasa
|
Strategic Business Unit
|
Cargo
|
Indonesia
|
100%
|
Garuda Indonesia Holiday France S.A.S.
|
Subsidiary
|
Travel agency
|
Indonesia, France
|
100%
|
In September 2019, Garuda Indonesia launched the grandchildren of the company, PT Garuda Tauberes Indonesia application. The company is engaged in logistics orders, both for couriers, air cargo gateways and payments through the e-commerce application platform Tauberes. The concept carried is smart logistic services. In addition, four new grandchildren of the company have also been established. The four companies are PT Garuda Daya Pratama Sejahtera, PT Garuda Indonesia Air Charter. Then followed, PT Garuda Ilmu Terapan Cakrawala, and PT Garuda Energi Logistik dan Komersial.
[99]
Cooperation
[
edit
]
On 18 August 2018, Garuda Indonesia signed an MoU agreement with the cargo airline
Jayawijaya Dirgantara
relating to the distribution of cargo from
Jayapura
to
Wamena
.
[100]
Destinations
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia operates flights to 96 airport destinations (72 domestic and 24 international) in 12 countries (including Indonesia), with approximately 500 daily departures from its hubs at
Jakarta
,
Denpasar
,
Makassar
and
Medan
The airline serves 3 continents
Asia
,
Australia
and
Europe
with its fleet of 140 aircraft, to destinations such as
Singapore
,
Shanghai?Pudong
,
Tokyo?Haneda
,
Tokyo?Narita
,
Amsterdam
,
Sydney
,
Melbourne
,
Doha
,
Guangzhou
,
Bangkok?Suvarnabhumi
,
Seoul?Incheon
,
Jeddah
,
Medina
,
Hong Kong
, and
Kuala Lumpur?International
. Although it has rapidly expanded its route network since the
Quantum Leap
began in 2009, Garuda still does not fly to several major cities, such as
Manila
and
Ho Chi Minh City
. Despite repeatedly stating its intention to fly to Manila, Garuda has not given a time frame.
[101]
On 13 October 2009, Garuda announced it would resume flights to Europe for the first time since its removal from the
E.U. blacklist
. It commenced flights between
Jakarta
and
Amsterdam
in June 2010, initially with a refueling stop in
Dubai
.
[102]
On 2 December 2012, after agreeing to a codeshare agreement with
Etihad Airways
, Garuda changed the refueling stop to
Abu Dhabi
.
[103]
After the delivery of its
Boeing 777-300ER
aircraft in 2013, the airline removed the
Abu Dhabi
refueling stop, and commenced
non-stop
service to Amsterdam, as the longest flight Garuda operated, and consequently ending flights to
Abu Dhabi
, leaving Etihad as the sole operator between Jakarta and Abu Dhabi.
[104]
On 8 September that year, the airline extended its Amsterdam flight with continuing service to
London Gatwick
.
[105]
[106]
In 2011, Garuda flew 17.1 million passengers, up 39% from the previous year, while the total revenue jumped 38% to Rp27.1 trillion ($2.95 billion). Composition of passengers on domestic routes and international routes was 81% versus 19% respectively.
[107]
On 31 March 2016, Garuda Indonesia inaugurated its first flight from Singapore Changi Airport to London Heathrow, using a Boeing 777-300ER.
In mid 2016, Garuda announced its intention to resume service to
Mumbai
from
Jakarta
. This service is opened on 12 December 2016 via Bangkok using Boeing 737-800 NG.
[108]
On 12 September 2016, Garuda Indonesia announced its intention to resume service to
Los Angeles
via
Tokyo-Narita
using a
Boeing 777-300ER
from
Jakarta
after the
Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA) granted a Category 1 rating to Indonesia. The flight was slated to start in November 2017. The last time Los Angeles was served was in 1998.
[109]
As of 2019, however, the plan is yet to be realized and has most likely been shelved as the Government of Japan has yet to approve fifth freedom rights to Garuda.
[110]
In February 2017, Garuda Indonesia announced that the airline will resume flights to Dubai and Moscow using the wide-body
Airbus A330-200
.
[111]
This flight is planned to be resumed in 2018, although as of 2019 has not been realized.
[112]
[
needs update
]
In August 2018, Garuda Indonesia announced that the airline will end flights to London Heathrow by October, although it then resumed flights on December with a dual-class Boeing 777-300ER on the same year.
[113]
2019 marked further adjustments to Garuda's flight to London Heathrow as the airline announced a Jakarta-London Heathrow, London Heathrow-Denpasar routing.
[114]
Codeshare agreements and alliances
[
edit
]
Codesharing has allowed Garuda Indonesia to expand services into Western Europe and the Middle East. In 2009, Garuda Indonesia expressed an interest in joining the
SkyTeam
airline alliance
, which would make it the second airline in Southeast Asia to join after
Vietnam Airlines
. Membership would open SkyTeam's network to Indonesian, Australian, and New Zealand markets, which it lacked connectivity to. In December 2009, three
SkyTeam
members ?
Korean Air
,
KLM
, and
Delta Air Lines
(China Airlines joined as fourth member to support Garuda after its 2011 SkyTeam inclusion)
[115]
? committed to supporting Garuda Indonesia to join SkyTeam. This made Garuda Indonesia eligible to apply for membership in the alliance. On 23 November 2010, Garuda Indonesia signed an agreement to join SkyTeam. However instead of the usual 18?24 months to complete membership formalities, shortcomings with its IT system delayed Garuda's entry. After a 40-month process, the airline eventually became the 20th member of the alliance on 5 March 2014, some two years after the original target date.
[116]
[117]
- On 19 June 2007, Garuda Indonesia and
Hainan Airlines
began codesharing in a bid to strengthen both airlines' marketing positions in Indonesia and People's Republic of China.
[118]
In this agreement, Garuda Indonesia will be the operating partner on the Jakarta-Beijing (vv) service, flying five times a week using a new
A330-200
.
- An interline agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Australian airline
Virgin Blue
was confirmed in November 2007. This facilitates travel for passengers connecting from a Virgin Australia domestic flight to a Garuda Indonesia international service departing from either
Sydney
,
Melbourne
or
Perth
.
[119]
- In June 2008, it was announced that Garuda Indonesia would increase services between Australia and Bali. From 25 June, Garuda Indonesia added an extra flight between
Darwin
and
Denpasar
, bringing the total number of services to three per week. Additionally, a fourth flight from Melbourne to Denpasar began on 22 July. On 2 September, another extra service departed from Melbourne to bring the total number of flights per week to five, and a sixth flight left from Sydney. This extra capacity was in response to an increase in the number of Australians who traveled to
Bali
in the first quarter of 2008, marking a resurgence in Balinese tourism, which was hit hard by the
2002
and
2005 Bali bombings
.
[120]
- In August 2008, a codeshare agreement between
Singapore Airlines
and the airline on the route between Singapore and
Denpasar
was established. Singapore Airlines is the operating carrier.
- A partnership agreement with
Etihad Airways
was announced on 16 October 2012. The partnership includes a codeshare agreement for a total of 36 flights between the two airlines; subject to Government Regulatory Approval. Reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes were also part of the agreement, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Etihad Airways. Garuda Indonesia subsequently shifted its
Dubai
operations to
Abu Dhabi
as to complement the agreement.
[103]
[121]
- During the
APEC summit
on 7 October 2013, a codeshare agreement between Garuda Indonesia and
Aeromexico
was announced, allowing passengers to travel from Jakarta to
Mexico City
via Tokyo and vice versa. Under the codeshare agreement, Aeromexico would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia's Jakarta-Tokyo flights while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Aeromexico's Tokyo-Mexico City flights.
[122]
- On 19 November 2013, a codeshare agreement was announced between Garuda Indonesia and
Jet Airways
of India. Under the codeshare agreement, Jet Airways would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia flights between Jakarta and Singapore while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Jet Airways flights between Singapore and
Mumbai
,
Delhi
and
Chennai
. The two airlines also announced a reciprocal Frequent Flyer programme partnership, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways.
[123]
- On 19 December 2013, Garuda Indonesia and Japan's
All Nippon Airways
announced a partnership agreement encompassing codeshare flights as well as reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes. Under the codeshare agreement, ANA passengers arriving in Jakarta would be able to transfer to 10 destinations in Indonesia on board Garuda Indonesia flights, while Garuda Indonesia passengers arriving in Tokyo or Osaka would be able to transfer to 11 destinations in Japan on board ANA flights.
[124]
- On 6 February 2024, Garuda Indonesia and
Qatar Airways
launched the fourth Jakarta-Doha daily flight starting 2 April 2024, to add to three daily flights already served by Qatar Airways. This will be codeshare flights operated by Garuda Indonesia with its Boeing 777-300ERs.
[125]
Garuda Indonesia has
codeshare agreements
with the following airlines:
[126]
Explore
and
Explore-jet
sub-brands
[
edit
]
As Indonesia's flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia tries to connect many parts of Indonesia to support the government's "Indonesian Interconnectivity" program. But Garuda's fleet of
Boeing 737-800s
cannot reach many remote and smaller airports, because of the lack of airport infrastructure in smaller cities and remote areas, such as insufficient runway length.
In line with its
Quantum Leap
plan, Garuda ordered brand-new
Bombardier CRJ1000
and
ATR 72
to reach smaller airports from Garuda's hubs like
Ngurah Rai International Airport
,
Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport
, and
Kualanamu International Airport
. On 25 November 2013, Garuda launched its new sub-brands "Explore" and "Explore-jet", for servicing
perintis
("pioneer") lines traditionally served by (dormant)
Merpati Nusantara Airlines
and its competitor
Wings Air
.
In 2022, due to the corruption scandal surrounding
Bombardier CRJ1000
and
ATR 72
fleet procurement back in 2013, and the company's worsened financial condition during the Covid-19 pandemic has forced the grounding of these two types of aircraft fleets. Currently, most of the fleets has been returned to the lessor or transferred to its subsidiary
Citilink
, which also means the end of the "Explore" and "Explore-jet" sub-brands.
SkyTeam
[
edit
]
On 5 March 2014, Garuda Indonesia officially joined the
SkyTeam
alliance and became its 20th member.
[134]
The inclusion of Garuda Indonesia adds 40 new destinations to SkyTeam's global network and strengthens the alliance presence in Southeast Asia and Australia. To commemorate the event, the airline repainted an
Airbus A330-300
, a
Boeing 737-800
, and a
Bombardier CRJ1000
with SkyTeam livery. In addition to repainted aircraft, a
Boeing 777-300ER
was delivered with SkyTeam livery.
[135]
With the arrival of Garuda Indonesia to SkyTeam, a variety of facilities are given as including SkyPriority, as well as changing its current frequent flyer membership into GarudaMiles. In addition, Garuda is connected with 140 new destinations and also teamed up with the world's major airlines, such as
Aeroflot
,
Aeromexico
,
Air France
,
China Airlines
,
Delta Air Lines
,
KLM
,
Korean Air
, and
Saudia
.
[136]
Fleet
[
edit
]
The
Boeing customer code
for Garuda Indonesia is U3, which appears on its aircraft designations as an infix, such as 737-8U3 and 777-3U3ER.
Garuda uses the
Boeing 777-300ER
on high-density medium and long-haul routes. The
Airbus A330
fleet is primarily used on most medium-haul routes from Jakarta and Denpasar, as well as for Umrah and Hajj flights. The
Boeing 737-800
and
Boeing 737 MAX 8
aircraft are used on most domestic and regional routes. Meanwhile, the
Bombardier CRJ1000
is used to fly to airports incapable of handling the newer 737-800, replacing the
Boeing 737 Classic
. The
ATR 72-600
turboprop entered service at the end of 2013, serving new inter-island routes to airports in middle and eastern part of Indonesia that cannot handle jet aircraft.
[137]
At the Paris Air Show in 2015, Garuda Indonesia signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to purchase 90 new aircraft from Boeing and Airbus (30 737 MAX, 20 787 Dreamliner, 30 A350 XWB) worth $20 billion at list prices
[138]
Garuda has also signed a LoI for 14 Airbus A330-900s aircraft (including 7 cancellations from existing A330-300 order), first reported during the Singapore Airshow 2016, confirming the order on 19 April 2016.
[139]
On 5 October 2017, Garuda operated its last Boeing 747 service after the last aircraft touched down in
Makassar
from
Medina
, a returning Hajj flight. It was then ferried to Jakarta the following day for retirement.
[140]
In January 2019, CEO Ari Askhara stated that the airline was considering and negotiating with lessors for a switch of 34 out of the remaining 49 Boeing 737 MAXes on order to the larger MAX 10 variant, as the airline was planning to resume 737 MAX deliveries by 2020.
[141]
[142]
In March 2019, the airline decided to cancel its outstanding orders for 49 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, citing a loss of passenger confidence in the type after the crashes of
Lion Air Flight 610
and
Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302
.
[143]
[144]
In November 2020, the airline clarified that their order for Boeing 737 MAX is not cancelled yet, and talks are still ongoing with Boeing concerning the order.
[145]
Current fleet
[
edit
]
As of May 2024
[update]
, Garuda Indonesia operates the following aircraft:
[5]
Historic fleet
[
edit
]
Special liveries
[
edit
]
Registration
|
Livery
|
Aircraft
|
PK-GFI
|
"
Livin' by Mandiri
" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GFJ
|
"
Livin' by Mandiri
" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GFM
|
1961-1969 retro livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GFQ
|
"Ayo Pakai Masker" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GFX
|
"From Nature to Future" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GHC
|
"Ayo Pakai Masker" livery
|
Airbus A330-300
|
PK-GHD
|
1969-1985 retro livery
|
Airbus A330-300
|
PK-GHG
|
"Ayo Pakai Masker" livery
|
Airbus A330-900
|
PK-GIG
|
Republik Indonesia semi retro livery, occasionally used for flights for the
President of Indonesia
|
Boeing 777-300ER
|
PK-GII
|
SkyTeam livery
|
Boeing 777-300ER
|
PK-GIJ
|
"Ayo Pakai Masker" livery
|
Boeing 777-300ER
|
PK-GIK
|
1969-1985 retro livery
|
Boeing 777-300ER
|
PK-GMU
|
"
Pikachu Jet GA-1
" livery, part of Pokemon Air Adventures collaboration project by
The Pokemon Company
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GMV
|
"Bangga Buatan Indonesia" sticker livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GNE
|
"PT Putra Perkasa Abadi (PPA)" sticker livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GNN
|
Garuda Indonesia × "
Pocari Sweat
" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GNR
|
Garuda Indonesia × "Passion Jewelry" livery
|
Boeing 737-800
|
PK-GPR
|
SkyTeam
livery
|
Airbus A330-300
|
PK-GPZ
|
"Kembara Angkasa" livery, painted on February 2023 to commemorate the 74th anniversary of Garuda Indonesia
|
Airbus A330-300
|
Services
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring economy, business and first classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the
Airbus A330-200
and
Boeing 737-800
aircraft. First class cabins were introduced in 2013 on board the
Boeing 777-300ER
with
Wi-Fi
and telecommunication services on board.
[161]
Cabin
[
edit
]
First Class
[
edit
]
First class
is available on two Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, featuring eight suites arranged in a 1-2-1 configuration. The first class seats are suites, with sliding doors for extra privacy. They feature 24"
AVOD
screen and
seats
that converts into a bed, as well as a touchscreen seat controller. There is a chef on board the aircraft to tend to the passengers' needs. First Class passengers can use in-flight
Wi-Fi
connectivity at no extra cost. It has a
seat pitch
of 82 inches and a seat width of 22 inches.
[162]
[163]
[164]
The product was originally available on all Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, however, it was decided the final four aircraft would be delivered in a two-class configuration. In 2017, four more aircraft were refitted into the two-class configuration, leaving just two aircraft featuring First Class.
Business Class
[
edit
]
Garuda's
business class
product, is available on all aircraft except the
ATR 72?600
and six older A330-300. The new Business Class cabin on Garuda's
Boeing 777-300ERs
is fitted with EADS Sogerma flat-bed seats arranged in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration; allowing all passengers direct aisle access. These seats feature a 74" seat pitch, 15" AVOD screen,
USB
ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light.
Four new A330-300s, delivered from 2016 onwards, feature the B/E Super Diamond business class seat, featuring all-aisle access, in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration, a 180-degree recline, more storage space, a new 16-inch entertainment screen, and touchscreen seat controls, along with an all new Panasonic eX3 inflight entertainment system.
[165]
On-board other
Airbus A330s
, the Business Class cabin feature a fully flat-bed seats on all
-200s
and seven
-300s
(delivered between 2013 and 2015). However, there are no Business Class seats on board six older A330-300s delivered in 1997. The flatbed seats have up to 74" seat pitch. Seats are equipped with personal
AVOD
In-Flight Entertainment System (IFE),
USB
ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light. Business Class seats on board these are configured in a 2-2-2 configuration.
Garuda's
Boeing 737-800
aircraft also features a reclining Business Class product with 42" seat pitch in a 2?2 layout, equipped with an in-seat laptop power supply, personal 9-inch touch-screen & handset activated AVOD In-Flight Entertainment, and personal reading light.
A range of hot and cold beverages are available, along with snacks and/or meals, depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beers are also offered on international flights.
Economy Class
[
edit
]
Economy Class seats are available on all aircraft. Seat configuration is 2?2 on the ATR 72 and CRJ1000, 3-3 on the 737, 2-4-2 on the A330 as well as 3-3-3 on the 777. Seat widths range from 17 inches on board all 737, ATR 72 and CRJ1000, to over 18 inches on board the A330 and 777. Seat pitch is 30 inches on the ATR 72 and Bombardier CRJ1000 aircraft, 31?32 inches on the 737, 32?33 inches on board the 777, and 33?34 inches on board the A330.
Seat-back inflight entertainment is offered on all 737s (except PK-GEx series) and all A330s and 777s. Except for four newest A330 aircraft (which feature an 11.1-inch touchscreen), every seat has a 9-inch seat-back touchscreen.
Old cabins
[
edit
]
ESCort (Economy Sleeping Comfort)
[
edit
]
ESCort (Economy Sleeping Comfort) was Garuda's one of two newest onboard class service that was introduced in 2019 exclusively on its flights to and from London-Heathrow. On ESCort class, passengers can enjoy three whole economy class seats for themselves. The airline provided a mattress, pillow, and duvet cover along with business class meals and amenities for passengers traveling in this class. Passengers were allowed to lie down on the three-seats during the flight.
[166]
Premium Economy
[
edit
]
Premium Economy was the second onboard class service that Garuda Indonesia introduced in 2019 as it marks its maiden flight from London Heathrow to Denpasar, Bali. The Premium Economy class gave traveling couples an extra empty seat in the regular economy class cabin. Passengers in Premium Economy can also enjoy a 40 kg (88 lb) checked baggage allowance along with a business class meal and amenity kit.
[166]
[
dead link
]
In-flight entertainment
[
edit
]
In-Flight Entertainment (IFE)
is available on board most Garuda Indonesia aircraft: all A330s, all 777s, and all 737-800s.
Garuda's
Boeing 777-300ER
,
Airbus A330s
, and newer
Boeing 737-800
aircraft are equipped with
Audio video on demand
In-Flight Entertainment System in all classes. The Economy Class on these aircraft features a 9-inch
LCD
touch-screen, while the Business Class features a 9-inch, 11-inch, and 15-inch touch-screen LCD in Garuda's Boeing 737-800, older Airbus A330-200, and all remaining Airbus A330 series and 777 aircraft respectively. In Business Class on board the
Airbus A330-300
and newer
A330-200
aircraft, the screens are located on the seat backs or in the armrest of bulkhead rows, while in the older
Airbus A330-200
aircraft and
Boeing 737-800s
, the screens are stowed in the armrest. In Economy Class, they are on the seat back.
[167]
Garuda introduced a new IFE system on board four A330-300 aircraft. These come with an 11-inch touchscreen in Economy with a touchpad controller, and a 16-inch touchscreen in Business with a 4.7-inch touchscreen remote. Newspapers and magazines are provided to all passengers on board all flights.
[168]
6 international television channels are available on board the Boeing 777-300ER.
[169]
Immigration On-Board (IoB)
[
edit
]
Immigration on Board (IoB) was a special service created by Garuda Indonesia to provide more convenience for passengers traveling to Indonesia. With this service, in cooperation with the
Directorate General of Immigration
, an agency under Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Garuda Indonesia passengers on certain long-haul flights could complete their immigration process on-board before landing and disembarking.
By using this service, Garuda Indonesia passengers did not have to queue at the immigration counter upon arrival at
Ngurah Rai International Airport
in
Denpasar
or
Soekarno?Hatta International Airport
in
Jakarta
.
[170]
[171]
The service was stopped since 2014.
Ticketing
[
edit
]
A Jakarta-based 24-hour call center is available for local customer access where payment can be made by credit cards, internet/mobile banking or transfers via ATM. Recently online booking from their website is also possible with payment can be made online with credit cards from select countries.
In April 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced plans to develop online sales. Garuda Indonesia had cooperated with
Visa
and
MasterCard
to develop an online credit card payment system, allowing customers to use
PayPal
. Debit card payments may be processed with
Bank Mandiri
,
BCA
or
BII
.
[172]
[173]
Frequent-flyer program
[
edit
]
Garuda Frequent Flyer, Garuda Indonesia's
frequent-flyer program
was launched in September 1999.
[174]
In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its
Garuda Frequent Flyer
(GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels. Since June 2011 Garuda Indonesia launched a joint frequent flyer program with
Korean Air
. Members of the Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) program and Korean Air's SkyPass program will benefit from the cooperation by accruing mileage for flying both Korean Air and Garuda or any Garuda?Korean Air code share flights.
[175]
From 27 March 2014, due to joining SkyTeam, Garuda Indonesia announced that Garuda Frequent Flyer renamed as GarudaMiles.
[176]
[177]
[178]
In 2017, Citilink's
frequent-flyer program
, Supergreen, merged with GarudaMiles, dubbed 'Supergreen GarudaMiles',
[179]
before merging fully with GarudaMiles.
[180]
Now, GarudaMiles served as Garuda Indonesia and Citilink's
frequent-flyer program
.
As of 2019, besides Garuda, Citilink, and SkyTeam members (with exception of Alitalia, as currently, Garuda can only earn miles from Alitalia flights), GarudaMiles members can earn and spend their miles with Etihad Airways and
All Nippon Airways
.
[181]
[182]
GarudaMiles members previously able to earn and spend miles with India's Jet Airways before Jet's demise in 2019.
Lounge
[
edit
]
Business Class lounge
[
edit
]
The Garuda Business Lounge is open to passengers travelling in Business Class, as well as those holding a Platinum GarudaMiles card. Lounges are located at
Soekarno?Hatta International Airport
and throughout Indonesia, offering food and drinks, wireless internet, showers, meeting rooms and business services.
[183]
First Class lounge
[
edit
]
Garuda Indonesia First Class Lounge is located only in Soekarno?Hatta International Airport. The lounge's facilities include reading materials, a small library, cigar room, kitchen, Prayer room (Musholla), nursery room, toilets (including ones for disabled individuals), showers, and a self-playing
piano
. The lounge also provides food and beverages.
Garuda Indonesia was the official sponsor of the
2011 Southeast Asian Games
. Garuda Indonesia also supports the "
Wonderful Indonesia
" tourism campaign by placing the "Wonderful Indonesia" logo in their promotional materials as well as on the hulls of their aircraft.
[184]
In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia signed a 3-year sponsorship deal with
Premier League
club
Liverpool FC
. The agreement gives Garuda Indonesia the right to be the Official Partner of Liverpool Football Club and the Official Global Airline Partner of Liverpool Football Club. In addition, a six-minute advertisement video of Garuda Indonesia will be broadcast during matches held at the Liverpool FC home ground,
Anfield
, for the 2012?2014 season.
[185]
[186]
This collaboration with Liverpool will give Garuda Indonesia media
exposure
to increase brand awareness in the international market more effectively with more maximal benefits, given the
brand
Garuda Indonesia will get a higher frequency of delivery with a longer broadcast duration. In 2013, Liverpool toured Asia with one of the countries the goal was Indonesia. Through the tour visit, it is expected that this visit will improve the quality of football matches in Indonesia.
[185]
To support the visit target of 20 million tourists in 2019, Garuda Indonesia will increase the number of aircraft fleets that have been installed with the 'Wonderful Indonesia' logo on their aircraft starting this year. Business Director of Garuda Indonesia, Handayani at the Tourism Ministry's End-of-Year Press Conference at Sapta Pesona Building, Ministry of Tourism Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta said, in February 2016 there will be at least five additional Garuda Indonesia aircraft that have the Wonderful Indonesia logo as a form of cooperation between Garuda Indonesia and the Ministry of Tourism. "Hopefully it can support Indonesia's tourism," said Handayani. Also, Garuda Indonesia will provide tourism support in the form of developing flight routes by strengthening flight routes that are superior in the tourism sector, such as Labuan Bajo, Lombok, and Wakatobi.
[187]
Market share
[
edit
]
Aviation market share in Indonesia (2021)
[188]
Garuda Indonesia (10.5%)
Other (2.52%)
For most of modern Indonesian history, Garuda Indonesia has dominated the Indonesian air travel market share. However, started in 2000,
Lion Air
started to grow and become a serious rival in domestic air travel in Indonesia. By the time COVID-19 pandemic were still underway in mid-2021, Lion Air still holds the majority Indonesia's domestic air travel market share by 29.7%, while Garuda Indonesia came in fourth with 10.5% share.
Citilink
came in second with a market share of 22.6%, followed by Lion's full-service subsidiary
Batik
(8.9%). Lion Air's regional flight service Wings Air holds a 7.9% share.
Indonesia AirAsia
, a unit of the Malaysian budget airline, had a 1.9% market share.
[188]
Overall, Indonesian domestic air travel business is overwhelmingly ruled by two groups; Lion Air group and Garuda Indonesia group. In 2021, Lion Air group accounted for 59.4% of market share, while Garuda Indonesia group had a 33.1% market share.
[189]
For international routes, Garuda Indonesia has identified four airlines that became the benchmark to improve their service and to compete to be the world's best airline. The serious rivals for Garuda Indonesia's international routes are
Singapore Airlines
,
Qatar Airways
,
Emirates
and
Cathay Pacific
.
[190]
Incidents and accidents
[
edit
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
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