French geologist
Gabriel Auguste Daubree
MIF
FRS
FRSE
(25 June 1814 – 29 May 1896) was a French
geologist
, best known for applying experimental methods to
structural geology
.
[1]
He served as the director of the
Ecole des Mines
as well as the president of the
French Academy of Sciences
.
Life
[
edit
]
Daubree was born at
Metz
, and educated at the
Ecole Polytechnique
in
Paris
.
At the age of twenty he had qualified as a mining engineer, and in 1838 he was appointed to take charge of the mines in the Bas-Rhin (
Alsace
), and subsequently to be professor of
mineralogy
and geology at the Faculty of Sciences,
Strasbourg
. In 1859 he became engineer in chief of mines, and in 1861, upon the death of
Louis Cordier
,
[2]
he was appointed professor of geology at the
Museum d'Histoire Naturelle
in Paris and was also elected member of the
French Academy of Sciences
. In the following year he became professor of mineralogy at the
Ecole des Mines
, and in 1872 director of that school.
[3]
In 1878 Daubree was elected vice-president and in 1879 president of the French Academy of Sciences.
[1]
In 1880 the
Geological Society of London
awarded to him the
Wollaston medal
.
[4]
In 1881 he was promoted to Grand Officer of the French
Legion of Honour
.
[1]
His published research dates from 1841, when the origin of certain
tin
minerals attracted his attention; he subsequently discussed the formation of bog-iron ore, and worked out in detail the geology of the
Bas-Rhin
(1852). From 1857 to 1861, while engaged in engineering works connected with the springs of
Plombieres
, he made a series of observations on thermal waters and their influence on the
Roman
masonry through which they made their exit. He was, however, especially distinguished for his long-continued and often dangerous experiments on the artificial production of minerals and rocks. He likewise discussed the permeability of rocks by water, and the effects of such infiltration in producing volcanic phenomena; he dealt with the subject of metamorphism, with the deformations of the Earth's crust, with earthquakes, and with the composition and classification of
meteorites
.
[1]
[3]
He was elected an international Member of the
American Philosophical Society
in 1863, a Fellow of the
Royal Society of London
in 1881, a member of the
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
in 1892, and an Honorary Fellow of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh
in 1895.
[5]
[6]
He died in Paris on 29 May 1896.
[2]
Legacy
[
edit
]
A sulfide mineral found in meteorites (
Daubreelite
),
[7]
a bismuth oxide (
Daubreeite
)
[8]
and a crater on the Moon (
Daubree crater
)
[9]
were named after him.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
Howarth, Richard J. (2006).
"Understanding the nature of meteorites: the experimental work of Gabriel-Auguste Daubree"
. In Howarth, Richard; McCall, G. J. H.; Bowden, A. J. (eds.).
The history of meteoritics and key meteorite collections : fireballs, falls and finds
. Vol. 256. London: Geological Society of London. pp. 101?122.
doi
:
10.1144/GSL.SP.2006.256.01.05
.
ISBN
1-86239-194-7
.
ISSN
0305-8719
.
OCLC
70664239
.
S2CID
131344806
.
- ^
a
b
"Obituary: GABRIEL AUGUSTE DAUBREE"
.
The American Geologist
.
18
: 132?133. August 1896.
- ^
a
b
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
public domain
:
Chisholm, Hugh
, ed. (1911). "
Daubree, Gabriel Auguste
".
Encyclopædia Britannica
. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 847.
- ^
"Awards of the Wollaston Medal"
.
The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London
.
36
: 17. 1880.
doi
:
10.1144/GSL.JGS.1880.036.01-04.02
.
S2CID
219231132
.
- ^
"Gabriel A. Daubree"
.
American Philosophical Society Member History Database
. Retrieved
17 February
2021
.
- ^
C D Waterston; A Macmillan Shearer (July 2006).
Former Fellows of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 1783?2002: Part 1 (A?J)
(PDF)
.
Royal Society of Edinburgh
.
ISBN
090219884X
. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 24 January 2013
. Retrieved
18 September
2015
.
- ^
"Daubreelite Mindat"
. Mindat
. Retrieved
19 December
2012
.
- ^
"Daubreeite Mineral Data"
.
webmineral.com
. Retrieved
2020-02-28
.
- ^
"Planetary Names: Crater, craters: Daubree on Moon"
.
planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov
. Retrieved
2020-02-28
.
External links
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