Prime Minister of Sweden from 1996 to 2006
Hans Goran Persson
(
Swedish pronunciation:
[?jœ?ːran
?pæ?ː??n]
ⓘ
; born 20 January 1949) is a Swedish politician who served as
Prime Minister of Sweden
from 1996 to 2006 and leader of the
Swedish Social Democratic Party
from 1996 to 2007.
Persson was first elected to the
Swedish Parliament
in 1979, representing
Sodermanland County
but left in 1985 to serve as Municipal Commissioner of
Katrineholm
, which he did from 1985 to 1989. In 1991, he was re-elected to the Parliament and represented the same constituency. He served as
Minister for Schools
from 1989 to 1991 in
Ingvar Carlsson
's
first
and
second cabinets
. From 1994 to 1996, Persson served as
Minister for Finance
in
Carlsson's third cabinet
.
After Ingvar Carlsson announced his retirement from the position of prime minister, Persson was chosen to become the new prime minister. Persson began as prime minister where he left office as minister for finance ? by continuing to spearhead government efforts to alleviate Sweden's chronic
budget deficit
. In 1994, the annual shortfall was about 13 per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). But after implementing welfare cuts and tax increases, it fell to a projected 2.6 per cent of GDP in 1997, which placed Sweden in a position to qualify for the
European Economic and Monetary Union
. However, the cost was high: unemployment rose, hovering persistently around 13 per cent, then suddenly fell to about 6.5 per cent the same year. In the
1998 general election
, the Social Democrats gained even fewer votes than in the
1991 general election
, when they got voted out of office. Persson could remain as prime minister with the support of the
Green Party
and the
Left Party
. In the
2002 general election
the Social Democrats increased their number of seats in the parliament. After the
defeat at the general elections of 17 September 2006
, Persson immediately filed a request for resignation, and declared his intentions to resign as
party leader
after the party congress in March 2007.
Since leaving office, Persson has been a consultant for the Stockholm-based PR firm JKL. He published a book in October 2007, "Min vag, mina val" (My path, my choices). In 2008 he was appointed
Chairman of the Board
of
Sveaskog
by the
Swedish Government
. He has been a member of the
European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation
since 2007, and a member of the board of
World Resources Institute
since 2010.
Personal life
[
edit
]
Persson was born in
Vingaker
in
Sodermanland
, Sweden, in a working-class home. He has in recent years revealed that he wanted to become a priest as a young man;
[1]
however, he applied to the college in
Orebro
where he took courses in social science (main sociology). He completed 80 college credits (120
ECTS
credits) in the subject before he left the college in 1971 without graduating. As the college later received credentials as a full university, the renamed
Orebro University
gave him an honorary Ph.D. in medicine in February 2005, an award that provoked some controversy.
He first married Gunnel (nee Claesson) in 1978, with whom he has two daughters. They divorced in 1995. On 10 March 1995, he married
Annika Barthine
, whom he divorced in December 2002. On 6 December 2003, Persson married
Anitra Steen
, who became his third wife. In 2004, Persson and Steen purchased the 190-hectare agricultural property, Ovre Torp, by Lake
Baven
in
Sodermanland
. During 2006 the couple started the construction of a large house on the property.
Besides his native Swedish, Persson also speaks English.
He has maintained his Christian faith and is a member of
Swedish Association of Christian Social Democrats
.
Health problems
[
edit
]
On 8 July 2002, Persson fell while riding his bicycle at
Harpsund
and broke his left
clavicle
.
[2]
Following this accident he was unable to lift his left arm for some time and almost
fainted
during a speech in
Almedalen
on 10 July 2002 and after a meeting with British Prime Minister
Tony Blair
on 15 July 2002.
[2]
[3]
Present with him during the accident was
Par Nuder
, Minister of Finance, and Sten Olsson, State Secretary. Par Nuder wrote in his book
Stolt men inte nojd
("proud but not satisfied"), released in 2008, that Persson had fallen while riding his bicycle because he was
drunk
after consuming large amounts of alcoholic beverages.
[4]
Persson said in response to these claims: "I can't exactly recapitulate the event but I can say as much that I'm surprised that Par Nuder remembers anything".
[5]
[6]
In September 2003 Persson was diagnosed with hip
osteoarthritis
and surgery was recommended. He chose to go through Sweden's public health-care system instead of seeking private treatment; he was put on a waiting list, and finally received a
hip replacement
operation in June 2004. During that 9-month period, he walked with a limp and reportedly was on strong
painkillers
; he had to cancel several official trips due to the pain he was in.
[7]
[
unreliable source?
]
Political career
[
edit
]
Persson was in office for more than ten years, making him the second-longest continuously-governing prime minister of Sweden second to
Tage Erlander
. He is known for his oratorical prowess, often dispensing with prepared speeches or preparing them without the aid of his staff. During his time, he has faced several shocking incidents, such as the
Gothenburg riots
in June 2001, the murder of Swedish Foreign Minister
Anna Lindh
in September 2003,
Asian tsunami disaster
in December 2004 during the
Boxing Day
, and the conflict over the publication of satirical
Muhammed cartoons
in Danish newspapers, leading to threats of violence against Scandinavians and burning of embassies in the Middle East and the resignation of Swedish Foreign Minister
Laila Freivalds
.
In the early seventies he worked for the
Swedish Social Democratic Youth League
(
SSU
), and was a member of the national board from 1972 to 1975. Later, he served as a city council politician at the small
municipality
of
Katrineholm
. In 1979 he was elected Member of Parliament, but went back to local politics to serve as Municipal Commissioner (
kommunalrad
) of Katrineholm from 1985 to 1989.
National politics
[
edit
]
In 1989, he was made Minister of Schools in the Ministry of Education during the first
Ingvar Carlsson
cabinet, until the
election
in 1991 when the Social Democrats were voted out of office. Persson was one of the brains behind the "Persson-plan" which was presented in 1994 targeting the prevailing economic situation. Sweden at the time still suffered from the recession which began during the early nineties, high unemployment rates and a huge budget deficit. Prime minister
Carl Bildt
relied at the time on a fragile coalition between the
Moderate Party
and three other liberal or conservative parties with a strained degree of cooperation. The outcome of the 1994 election proved a success for the Social Democrats when they gained more than 45 per cent of the votes.
Upon returning to government in 1994, Persson was made Minister for Finance, a post he held until 1996. As Minister of Finance much of his job was focused on attaining a sound financial balance in the economy. Persson often emphasizes that he "cleaned up" after the Bildt government.
[8]
[9]
During his time at the Finance Ministry he followed 10 "Commandments" as his guiding lights in his job. Among of these "Commandments" was one in particular which became famous in Sweden,
"one who is in debt is not free"
( in Swedish :
"Den som ar satt i skuld ar icke fri"
)
Party leader and Prime Minister
[
edit
]
In 1996, Persson was chosen over
Mona Sahlin
, the Deputy Prime Minister, to lead the country after Carlsson retired. Persson began where he left off as finance minister ? by continuing to spearhead government efforts to alleviate Sweden's chronic budget deficit. In 1994, the annual shortfall was about 13 per cent of GDP. But, after implementing welfare cuts and tax increases, it fell to a projected 2.6 per cent of GDP in 1997, which put Sweden in a position to qualify for the European economic and monetary union. However, the cost was high: unemployment rose, hovering persistently around 13 per cent, then suddenly fell to about 6.5 per cent the same year.
From 1998 to 2002
[
edit
]
In the
1998 election
the Social Democrats gained even fewer votes than in the
1991 election
, when they got voted out of office. Thanks to support that came primarily from the
Green
and
Left
parties, he managed to retain office but had to rely on support from at least two parties in the parliament. Later the same year, the government announced proposals for far-reaching cutbacks in Sweden's military spending.
The year 1999 was seen by the Social Democrats as the vindication for the tough fiscal policies pursued since they came to office in 1994: GDP growth was estimated at 3.6 per cent, well above the European average, inflation remained subdued, and the budget was in surplus for the first time in the 1990s. The party proposed income tax cuts for 2000.
In 2000, a strong economy, falling unemployment, and the impact of the Internet appeared to breathe new life into the "Swedish model" of a welfare society, one that had seemed dead and buried during the deep recession of the early 1990s: growth reached 4 per cent, and unemployment fell to the lowest level in years. The Social Democrats, however, failed to capitalize on the economic boom. Around this time, the Persson government began reversing cuts by boosting child support.
[10]
Opinion polls showed the party struggling to return to its post-election 36 per cent approval level. Instead, the smaller Left Party, a Social Democrat ally, picked up support with its program of increased public spending and opposition to Swedish membership in the European single currency.
Economically, the bursting of the
dot-com boom
by 2001 had marked implications for Sweden. Ericsson, the world's largest producer of mobile telecommunications equipment, shed thousands of jobs, as did the country's once fast-expanding Internet consulting firms and dot-com start-ups.
Gross domestic product growth of 3.6 per cent in 2000 was expected to have fallen to around 1.5 per cent in 2001, and only a minor recovery was forecast for 2002. The government was hoping that tax cuts, subsidies on child-care expenses, and wage increases would boost consumer confidence with real disposable income to increase by 5.4 per cent. Exports were also expected to pick up in 2002, helped by the weakness of the Swedish krona, which hit record lows against both the dollar and the Euro in 2001.
2002 election
[
edit
]
In the
2002 election
the Social Democrats increased their number of seats in the parliament primarily at the expense of the Left Party. Persson continued to lead a minority government instead of forming a coalition, despite earlier demands from his supporting parties to participate in the government.
2006 election
[
edit
]
After the defeat at the
general elections
of 17 September 2006, Persson immediately filed a request for resignation, and declared his intentions to resign as party leader after a special party congress in March 2007.
[11]
On 13 April 2007, Persson also announced his resignation from the
Riksdag
(where he had served 1979?1985 and from 1991) to be succeeded by
Caroline Helmersson Olsson
from his native
Vingaker
.
After leaving office
[
edit
]
In October 2007, Persson released his memoirs, "Min vag, mina val" (My path, my choices).
[1]
In March 2007 a documentary series consisting of four one-hour episodes aired on
SVT
, chronicling Persson's time in office. The documentary became controversial due to Persson's negative comments about both his party members and staff and against his political opponents.
Persson left his seat in the Riksdag in April 2007. In May 2007 he announced that he would be working as a consultant for the Stockholm-based PR firm JKL in the future. In April 2008 he was installed as chairman of the board of
Sveaskog
, a forestry business group owned by the Swedish government. He held the post until 2015. In 2019 he became chairman of
Swedbank
, one of Sweden's largest banks.
In late 2008, he became a member of the
European Council on Tolerance and Reconciliation
, a not-for-profit organization established to monitor
tolerance
in Europe and prepare recommendations on fighting
xenophobia
and intolerance on the continent.
In March 2010, Persson was elected to the Board of Directors of
World Resources Institute
.
[12]
[13]
Foreign policy
[
edit
]
Regarding Sweden's membership in the
European Union
, Persson has been an advocate of an expanded Swedish role in the organization. During Sweden's
presidency of the EU
in the first half of 2001, Persson with assistance from foreign minister
Anna Lindh
presided over the organization and contributed towards the enlargement which took place in 2004.
[14]
[15]
He advocated for a Swedish entry into the
Economic and Monetary Union
(EMU), however in a 2003 referendum a majority of Swedes voted against joining the EMU.
[16]
[17]
ITF: Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research
[
edit
]
In 1998, Prime Minister Persson initiated international talks on the establishment of an inter-governmental organisation for Holocaust education, which resulted in the founding of the
Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research
(ITF). The ITF now has 27 Member States.
He had already raised the issue of Holocaust education within the Swedish Parliament, initiating a national information campaign with the aim for 'facts about the Holocaust to form the platform for a discussion on democracy, tolerance and the fact that every human was of equal value.'
[18]
The Campaign was entitled Living History, or Levande Historia.
Honours and awards
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
- ^
a
b
Ritzen, Jessica (2002-07-10).
"Det gjorde djavulskt ont"
.
Aftonbladet
(in Swedish)
. Retrieved
2008-10-19
.
- ^
Bergqvist, Johan (2002-07-17).
"Sa har blir du frisk, Persson"
.
Aftonbladet
(in Swedish)
. Retrieved
2008-10-19
.
- ^
Nuder, Par
(2008).
Stolt men inte nojd
(in Swedish). Stockholm: Norstedts.
ISBN
978-91-1-301965-9
.
- ^
"Nyhetsmorgon"
. Stockholm. 2008-10-18.
TV4 AB
.
TV4 (Sweden)
.
- ^
Krook, Anna (2008-10-18).
"Goran Perssons "minneslucka" ? kommer inte ihag olyckskvallen"
.
Expressen
(in Swedish)
. Retrieved
2008-10-19
.
- ^
His Hip, Hooray!
Archived
2007-05-06 at the
Wayback Machine
(in English)
,
TCS Daily
, 17 July 2002.
- ^
Riksdagens protokoll 2004/05:140
, Anf. 19, 15 June 2004.
- ^
Goran Persson,
"Ingen tilltradande regering har haft battre forutsattningar"
Archived
2007-10-01 at the
Wayback Machine
, DN Debatt, 5 October 2006.
- ^
Steinmo, Sven. 2001. "Bucking the Trend? The Welfare State and Global Economy: The Swedish Case Up Close." University of Colorado, 18 December. Carroll, Eero. 2004. "International Organizations and Welfare States at Odds? The Case of Sweden." The OECD and European Welfare States. Edited by Klaus Armingeon and Michelle Beyer. Northampton, MA: Edward Egar
- ^
Bergman, Jonas (2006-09-17).
"Swedish Opposition Ousts Social Democrats in Election (Update2)"
.
Bloomberg.com
. Retrieved
2006-09-24
.
- ^
World Resources Institute
Biosketch of Goran Persson
Archived
2012-04-27 at the
Wayback Machine
. Accessed March 27, 2012.
- ^
Former Swedish Prime Minister Goran Persson Joins WRI Board
Archived
2012-04-28 at the
Wayback Machine
. Accessed March 27, 2012.
- ^
Sweden takes EU helm
Archived
2007-10-30 at the
Wayback Machine
(in English)
,
CNN
, 1 January 2001.
- ^
Swedes offer EU breath of fresh air
Archived
2007-10-28 at the
Wayback Machine
(in English)
,
CNN
, 2 January 2001.
- ^
Sweden rejects euro currency
(in English)
,
CNN
, 14 September 2003.
- ^
Sweden: Euro fallout feared
(in English)
,
CNN
, 15 September 2003.
- ^
'Congratulatory remarks by former Swedish Prime Minister Goran Persson',
Task Force for International Cooperation on Holocaust Education, Remembrance, and Research: Ten Year Anniversary Book
, 2009, p. 8)
- ^
"Previous Award Recipients"
.
The Raoul Wallenberg Committee of the United States
. Retrieved
April 10,
2012
.
- ^
"The 2007 Sophie Prize"
(Press release).
Sophie Foundation
. February 15, 2007. Archived from
the original
on June 17, 2012
. Retrieved
April 10,
2012
.
- ^
"Kungen prisade Goran Persson"
.
Nyheter 24
(in Swedish). January 29, 2009
. Retrieved
April 10,
2012
.
External links
[
edit
]
|
---|
Leadership
| |
---|
In government position
| |
---|
Related organisations
| |
---|
Official media outlets
| |
---|
History and related topics
| |
---|
|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Artists
| |
---|
People
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|