From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Music genre in South Asian cinema
The
filmi-ghazal
is a genre of
filmi
music based on
ghazal
poetry in
Hindustani
(
Hindi
-
Urdu
), used in
Indian films
, especially the
music of Bollywood
(
Hindi cinema
). The filmi-ghazals retain the couplet format and rhyme scheme similar to that in ghazals. However, instead of vocal or instrumental passages as interludes, the filmi-ghazal usually uses precomposed musical pieces.
[1]
[2]
History
[
edit
]
The
ghazal
tradition of
Urdu poetry
was the basis for early
Bollywood music
, ever since the first Indian
talkie
film,
Alam Ara
(1931). In turn,
filmi
ghazals had roots in earlier Urdu
Parsi theatre
during the 19th to early 20th centuries. The ghazal was the dominant style of
Indian film
music since the 1930s up until the 1960s. By the 1980s, however, ghazals had become marginalized in film music. Reasons for the decline include Urdu ghazal poetry being gradually phased out from the
Indian education
system, lyricists targeting urban middle-class audiences, and the influence of Western and
Latin American music
.
[3]
Music directors like
Madan Mohan
composed notable filmi-ghazals extensively for
Muslim socials
in the 1960s and the 1970s.
[4]
The filmi-ghazal style experienced a revival in the early 1990s, sparked by the success of
Nadeem?Shravan
's
Aashiqui
(1990). It had a big impact on Bollywood music, ushering in ghazal-type romantic music that dominated the early 1990s, with soundtracks such as
Dil
(1990),
Saajan
(1991),
Phool Aur Kaante
(1991) and
Deewana
(1992).
[5]
However, the filmi ghazal style was once again marginalized by the early 21st century, as filmi songs became faster-paced along with greater Western and Latin influences. However, there have been a number of well-received filmi ghazal songs composed into the 2010s.
[3]
A popular ghazal song from
Aashiqui
was "
Dheere Dheere
", a
cover version
of which was later recorded by
Yo Yo Honey Singh
and released by
T-Series
in 2015.
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Gregory D. Booth, Bradley Shope (2014).
More Than Bollywood: Studies in Indian Popular Music
. Oxford University Press. p. 100.
ISBN
978-0199928859
. Retrieved
21 January
2014
.
- ^
Nettl, Bruno; Arnold, Alison (2000).
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music: South Asia : the Indian subcontinent
. Taylor & Francis. p. 534.
ISBN
978-0-8240-4946-1
.
- ^
a
b
Kabir, Nasreen Munni;
Akhtar, Javed
(2018).
Talking Films and Songs: Javed Akhtar in conversation with Nasreen Munni Kabir
.
Oxford University Press
.
ISBN
978-0-19-909177-5
.
- ^
Anantharaman, Ganesh (January 2008).
Bollywood Melodies: A History of the Hindi Film Song
. Penguin Books India. p. 9.
ISBN
978-0-14-306340-7
.
- ^
"India Today"
.
India Today
.
Living Media
: 342. 1994.
In 1990, the super-success of Nadeem-Shravan's
Aashiqui
ushered in the era of ghazal-type romantic music as in
Saajan
,
Dil
,
Phool aur Kaante
,
Deewana
.