Fifth Estate

The Fifth Estate is a socio-cultural reference to groupings of outlier viewpoints in contemporary society, and is most associated with bloggers , journalists publishing in non-mainstream media outlets, and the social media or "social license". The "Fifth" Estate extends the sequence of the three classical Estates of the Realm , nobility, clergy, subjects and the preceding Fourth Estate , essentially the mainstream press. The use of "fifth estate" dates to the 1960s counterculture , and in particular the influential The Fifth Estate , an underground newspaper first published in Detroit in 1965. Web-based technologies have enhanced the scope and power of the Fifth Estate far beyond the modest and boutique conditions of its beginnings.

Nimmo and Combs assert that political pundits constitute a Fifth Estate. ^[1] Media researcher Stephen D. Cooper argues that bloggers are the Fifth Estate. ^[2] William Dutton has argued that the Fifth Estate is not simply the blogging community, nor an extension of the media, but 'networked individuals' enabled by the Internet, e.g. social media , in ways that can hold the other estates accountable. ^[3]

References [ edit ]

^ Nimmo, Dan D.; Combs, James E. (1992). The Political Pundits . Praeger/Greenwood. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-275-93545-0 .
^ Stephen D Cooper (2006). Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers as the Fifth Estate . Marquette Books. ISBN 978-0-922993-47-5 .
^ Dutton, W. H. (2009), ‘The Fifth Estate Emerging through the Network of Networks’, Prometheus, Vol. 27, No. 1, March: pp. 1-15.

[1] Nimmo, Dan D.; Combs, James E. (1992). The Political Pundits . Praeger/Greenwood. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-275-93545-0 .

[2] Stephen D Cooper (2006). Watching the Watchdog: Bloggers as the Fifth Estate . Marquette Books. ISBN 978-0-922993-47-5 .

[3] Dutton, W. H. (2009), ‘The Fifth Estate Emerging through the Network of Networks’, Prometheus, Vol. 27, No. 1, March: pp. 1-15.

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References [ edit ]