Market town in Surrey, England
Market town and civil parish in England
Farnham
is a
market town
and
civil parish
in
Surrey
, England, around 36 miles (58 km) southwest of
London
. It is in the
Borough of Waverley
, close to the
county
border with
Hampshire
. The town is on the north branch of the
River Wey
, a tributary of the
Thames
, and is at the western end of the
North Downs
. The civil parish, which includes the villages of
Badshot Lea
,
Hale
and
Wrecclesham
, covers 14.1 sq mi (37 km
2
) and had a population of 39,488 in 2011.
[2]
Among the prehistoric objects from the area is a
woolly mammoth
tusk
, excavated in Badshot Lea at the start of the 21st century. The earliest evidence of human activity is from the
Neolithic
and, during the
Roman period
, tile making took place close to the town centre. The name "Farnham" is of
Saxon
origin and is generally agreed to mean "meadow where
ferns
grow". From at least 803, the settlement was under the control of the
Bishops of Winchester
and
the castle
was built as a residence for
Bishop Henry de Blois
in 1138.
Henry VIII
is thought to have spent part of his childhood under the care of
Bishop Richard Foxe
and is known to have lived at Farnham Castle when he was 16.
In the late
medieval period
, the primary local industry was the production of
kersey
, a coarse,
woollen
cloth. In the
early modern period
, the town's weekly corn market was said to the second largest in England after London. Between 1600 and the 1970s, the area was a centre for growing
hops
and for the
brewing
industry. The town began to expand in the early Victorian period, stimulated in part by the opening of
the railway
in 1849 and the arrival of the
army
in nearby Aldershot in 1855. Farnham became an Urban District in 1894, but under the
Local Government Act 1972
, it became part of the Borough of Waverley. The civil parish and
town council
were created in 1984.
The Farnham area has long been associated with the creative arts and with
pottery
making in particular. One of three campuses of the
University for the Creative Arts
is to the west of the centre and there are numerous
works of public art on display in the town
. Notable buildings in the civil parish include the ruins of
Waverley Abbey
and the 18th century
Willmer House
, now the location of the Museum of Farnham. Politician
William Cobbett
and writer
George Sturt
were both born in Farnham, as was
Maud Gonne
, the
Irish republican
suffragette
. More recent residents have included the
watercolour artist
,
William Herbert Allen
, the
Formula One
driver,
Mike Hawthorn
, the
England cricketer
,
Graham Thorpe
, and the
England rugby union captain
,
Jonny Wilkinson
.
Toponymy
[
edit
]
The oldest surviving record of Farnham is from a
c.
1150
copy of a
c.
688
charter, in which the settlement appears as
Fernham
. The name is written as
Fearnhamme
in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
from
c.
900
and as
Ferneham
in
Domesday Book
. The town first appears with its modern spelling "Farnham" in 1233. The name is thought to derive from the
Old English
words
fearn
and
ham
and is generally agreed to mean "
homestead
or
enclosure
where
ferns
grow". Alternatively the second part could derive from
hamm
, meaning "river meadow".
[3]
[4]
Geography
[
edit
]
Show Farnham centre
Show town centre, Hale and Mount Pleasant
Show Farnham Civil Parish
Farnham's history and present status are mainly the result of its
geography
; a combination of river, streams, fresh water springs and varied soils, together with a temperate climate, was attractive in prehistoric times. The geology of the area continues to influence the town, both in terms of communications, scenic and botanic variety and the main local industries of agriculture and minerals extraction. Farnham Geological Society is an active organisation in the town, and the Museum of Farnham has a collection of geological samples and fossils.
[5]
Farnham lies in the valley of the North Branch of the
River Wey
, which rises near
Alton
, merges with the South Branch at
Tilford
, and joins the
River Thames
at
Weybridge
. The mainly east?west alignment of the ridges and valleys has influenced the development of road and rail communications. The most prominent
geological
feature is the
chalk
of the
North Downs
which forms a ridge (the
Hog's Back
) to the east of the town, and continues through Farnham Park to the north of the town centre, and westwards to form the
Hampshire Downs
. The land rises to more than 180 metres (590 feet) above sea level (ASL) to the north of the town at Caesar's Camp which, with the northern part of the park, lies on gravel beds. There are a number of
swallow holes
in the park where this
stratum
meets the chalk. The historic core of the town lies on gravel beds at an altitude of roughly 70 metres
[6]
(230 ft) ASL on an underlying geology of
Gault Clay
and
Upper Greensand
and the southern part of the town rises to more than 100 metres (330 feet) on the
Lower Greensand
.
Climate
[
edit
]
Farnham has a temperate maritime climate, free from extreme temperatures, with moderate rainfall and often breezy conditions. The nearest official weather station to Farnham is Alice Holt Lodge, just under
3
+
1
⁄
2
miles (6 kilometres) southwest of the town centre.
The highest temperature recorded was 35.4 °C (95.7 °F),
[7]
in July 2006. In an 'average' year, the warmest day would reach 26.3 °C (79.3 °F),
[8]
with 18.1 days
[9]
attaining a temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F) or higher.
The lowest temperature recorded was ?14.0 °C (6.8 °F)
[10]
in February 1986. On average, 57.7 nights of the year will register an air frost.
Annual rainfall averages 821mm,
[11]
with at least 1mm of rain reported on 126.0 days.
[12]
All averages refer to the 1991?2020 observation period.
Climate data for Alice Holt Lodge, elevation 115m, 1991?2020, extremes 1960-
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
15.0
(59.0)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
25.8
(78.4)
|
27.6
(81.7)
|
34.2
(93.6)
|
35.4
(95.7)
|
35.1
(95.2)
|
28.9
(84.0)
|
24.0
(75.2)
|
18.1
(64.6)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
35.4
(95.7)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
7.6
(45.7)
|
8.2
(46.8)
|
11.0
(51.8)
|
14.1
(57.4)
|
17.5
(63.5)
|
20.3
(68.5)
|
22.5
(72.5)
|
21.9
(71.4)
|
19.0
(66.2)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
10.5
(50.9)
|
8.0
(46.4)
|
14.6
(58.3)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
1.3
(34.3)
|
1.3
(34.3)
|
2.4
(36.3)
|
3.9
(39.0)
|
6.8
(44.2)
|
9.5
(49.1)
|
11.5
(52.7)
|
11.4
(52.5)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
6.7
(44.1)
|
3.7
(38.7)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
5.8
(42.4)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?13.6
(7.5)
|
?14
(7)
|
?10.6
(12.9)
|
?6
(21)
|
?3.3
(26.1)
|
0.5
(32.9)
|
3.5
(38.3)
|
3.1
(37.6)
|
?0.8
(30.6)
|
?6.0
(21.2)
|
?7.6
(18.3)
|
?12.9
(8.8)
|
?14
(7)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
89.7
(3.53)
|
63.8
(2.51)
|
54.3
(2.14)
|
57.5
(2.26)
|
51.3
(2.02)
|
51.3
(2.02)
|
52.2
(2.06)
|
57.7
(2.27)
|
60.9
(2.40)
|
92.2
(3.63)
|
99.8
(3.93)
|
90.6
(3.57)
|
821.3
(32.34)
|
Average rainy days
|
13.3
|
10.8
|
10.0
|
9.7
|
8.8
|
8.5
|
8.7
|
8.7
|
9.2
|
11.8
|
13.8
|
12.7
|
126
|
Source 1: Meteoclimat
[13]
|
Source 2:
https://blog.metoffice.gov.uk/2015/08/03/record-hot-to-record-cold-in-a-july-of-extremes/
|
History
[
edit
]
Prehistory
[
edit
]
Stone Age
[
edit
]
Farnham's
history
extends back hundreds of thousands of years to the
hunter-gatherers
of the
Paleolithic
or early
Stone Age
, on the basis of stone tools such as many
Handaxes
found around the town. Most of these were collected by
antiquarians
in the later 19th and early 20th Century.
[14]
Additionally prehistoric animal bones, sometimes found together with the aforementioned flint tools in deep gravel pits such as a
woolly mammoth
tusk
, excavated in Badshot Lea at the start of the 21st century.
[15]
The first known
settlement
in the area was in the
Mesolithic
period, some 7,000 years ago; a cluster of
pit dwellings
[15]
and evidence of a
flint-knapping
industry from that period has been excavated a short distance to the east of the town. There was a
Neolithic
long barrow
at nearby
Badshot Lea
, now destroyed by quarrying. This monument lay on the route of the
prehistoric trackway
known as the
Harrow Way
or Harroway, which passes through Farnham Park, and a
sarsen
stone still stands nearby, which is believed to have marked the safe crossing point of a marshy area near the present Shepherd and Flock roundabout.
[16]
Bronze Age
[
edit
]
Occupation of the area continued to grow through the
Bronze Age
. Two bronze hoards have been discovered on Crooksbury Hill,
[17]
and further artefacts have been found, particularly at sites in Green Lane and near the Bourne spring in Farnham Park. A significant number of Bronze Age
barrows
occur in the area, including a triple barrow at
Elstead
and an
urnfield
cemetery at Stoneyfield, near the
Tilford
road.
Iron Age
[
edit
]
Hill forts
from the early
Iron Age
have been identified locally at Botany Hill to the south of the town,
[18]
and at
Caesar's Camp
to the north.
[19]
The latter is a very large earthwork on a high promontory, served by a spring which emerges from between two
conglomerate
boulders
called the Jock and Jenny Stones.
[20]
"Soldier's Ring" earthworks on Crooksbury Hill date from the later Iron Age.
[
citation needed
]
The final era of the Iron Age, during the 1st century
AD
, found Farnham within the territory of the
Belgic
tribe
Atrebates
led by
Commius
, a former ally of
Caesar
, who had brought his tribe to Britain following a dispute with the Romans. A hut dating from this period was discovered at the Bourne Spring and other occupation material has been discovered at various sites, particularly Green Lane.
Roman Britain
[
edit
]
During the
Roman
period the district became a pottery centre due to the plentiful supply of
gault clay
, oak woodlands for fuel, and good communications via the Harrow Way and the nearby Roman road from
Silchester
to
Chichester
. Kilns dating from about AD 100 have been found throughout the area, including Six Bells (near the Bourne Spring), Snailslynch and Mavins Road, but the main centre of pottery had been
Alice Holt Forest
, on the edge of the town, since about AD 50, just 7 years after the arrival of the Romans. The Alice Holt potteries continued in use, making mainly domestic wares, until about AD 400. Near the Bourne Spring two Roman buildings were discovered; one was a bath-house dating from about AD 270 and the other a house of later date. The Roman Way housing estate stands on this site.
William Stukeley
propounded that Farnham is the site of the lost Roman settlement of
Vindomis
, although this is now believed to be at
Neatham
, near
Alton
. Large hoards of Roman coins have been discovered some 10 miles (16 km) south-west of Farnham in
Woolmer Forest
and a temple has been excavated at
Wanborough
, about 8 miles (13 km) to the east.
The Anglo-Saxon period
[
edit
]
In the 7th century, Surrey passed into the hands of
King Caedwalla
of Wessex, who also conquered Kent and Sussex, and founded a monastery at Farnham in 686.
[21]
It was the
Anglo-Saxons
who gave the town its name?Farnham and it is listed as
Fearnhamme
in the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
. They arrived in the 6th century and, in AD 688, the
West Saxon
King
Caedwalla
donated the district around Farnham to the Church, and to the
diocese
of
Winchester
. A Saxon community grew up in the valley by the river. By the year 803 Farnham had passed into the ownership of the
Bishop of Winchester
and the
Manor
of Farnham remained so (apart from two short breaks) for the next thousand years. Although Farnham is documented in Saxon texts and most of the local names are derived from their language, there is only one fully attested Saxon site in Farnham, just off the lower part of Firgrove Hill, where a road called Saxon Croft is now sited. Here several Saxon weaving huts from about AD 550 were discovered in 1924.
In 892 Surrey was the scene of another
major battle
when a large Danish army, variously reported at 200, 250 and 350 ship-loads, moved west from its encampment in Kent and raided in Hampshire and Berkshire. Withdrawing with their loot, the Danes were intercepted and defeated at Farnham by an army led by
Alfred the Great
's son, the future
Edward the Elder
, and fled across the Thames towards Essex.
[22]
The Hundred of Farnham
[
edit
]
A
hundred (county subdivision)
was an area that had a general overlord of its lords of the manor, entitled to charge certain rents to certain
intermediate lords
. Parishes within Farnham hundred were:
Frensham
(including tything Pitfold with
Churt
) (partly in the hundred of Alton)
Elstead
, the
liberty
of Dockenfield, the liberty of
Waverley
,
Seal (now Seale)
the
tythings
of
Badshot
,
Runfold
, Culverlands,
Tilford
with Culverlands, Farnham, Runwick, Wrecklesham (now
Wrecclesham
), and Bourne.
In the 14th century, Farnham hundred was owned by the
Bishop of Winchester
and was one of the wealthiest on the bishop's rolls.
[23]
See also, in this context:
After the Norman invasion
[
edit
]
Farnham appears in
Domesday Book
of 1086 in the Hundred of Farnham
[24]
as
Ferneham
, one of the five great "
minster
" churches in Surrey. Its Domesday assets were: 40
hides
; 1 church, 6
mills
worth £2 6s 0d, 43
ploughs
, 35 acres (140,000 m
2
) of
meadow
,
woodland
worth 175½
hogs
. It rendered £53.
[25]
[26]
Waverley Abbey
, the first
Cistercian
abbey
in
England
, was founded in 1128 by
William Giffard
,
Bishop of Winchester
about one mile (1.6 km) south of the town centre.
King John
visited Waverley in 1208, and
Henry III
in 1225. The abbey produced the famous Annals of Waverley, an important reference source for the period. By the end of the 13th century the abbey was becoming less important. By the time it was suppressed by
Henry VIII
in 1536 as part of the
dissolution of the monasteries
there were only thirteen monks in the community.
The town is midway between Winchester and London and, in 1138,
Henry de Blois
(grandson of
William the Conqueror
and brother of
King Stephen
) started building
Farnham Castle
to provide accommodation for the Bishop of Winchester in his frequent journeying between his cathedral and the capital. The castle's garrison provided a market for farms and small industries in the town, accelerating its growth. Three miles (five kilometres) west of the town is
Barley Pound
, the remains of an 11th-century precursor of Farnham Castle.
Farnham was granted its charter as a town in 1249 by
William de Ralegh
, then
Bishop of Winchester
.
The Blind Bishop's Steps, a series of steps leading along Castle Street up to the Castle, were originally constructed for Bishop
Richard Foxe
(godfather of
Henry VIII
).
The
Black Death
hit Farnham in 1348, killing about 1,300 people, at that time about a third of the population.
[27]
In 1625 Farnham was again subject to an outbreak of the plague which, together with a severe decline in the local woollen industry (the local downland wool being unsuitable for the newly fashionable
worsted
) led by the 1640s to a serious
economic depression
in the area.
[28]
Local wool merchants were, like merchants throughout the country, heavily taxed by Charles I to pay for his increasingly unpopular policies.
The Civil War
[
edit
]
Against this background the
English Civil War
began, with Farnham playing a major part. Here, support for the
Parliamentarians
was general. The castle was considered a potential rallying point for
Royalists
, resulting in the installation of a Roundhead
garrison
there in 1642. As the King's forces moved southwards, taking
Oxford
,
Reading
and
Windsor
, the garrison commander at Farnham (a noted poet), Captain
George Wither
, decided to evacuate the castle; the new
High Sheriff of Surrey
(
John Denham
, a Royalist sympathiser and another noted poet) then occupied the vacant castle with 100 armed supporters. With the castle and much of the surrounding area in Royalist hands, Parliament despatched Colonel Sir
William Waller
to Farnham to retake the castle. The defenders refused to surrender but Waller's men used a
petard
to destroy the castle gates and overcame them, with only one fatality, and took the High Sheriff prisoner.
The following year, as the Royalists strengthened their position west of Farnham, the garrison at Farnham Castle was strengthened when it became the headquarters of the Farnham regiment of foot or "
Greencoats
", with some eight to nine hundred officers and men, supported by a number of troops of horse. Further reinforcement by three regiments from London, 4,000 strong under Waller's command arrived in Farnham that October prior to an unsuccessful
foray
to recapture Winchester from the Royalists. Eight thousand Royalists under
Ralph Hopton
(a former friend of Waller) advanced on Farnham from the west and skirmishes took place on the outskirts of town. Despite further reinforcement for Waller from Kent, Hopton's entire army gathered on the heathland just outside Farnham Park. There was some
skirmishing
but Hopton's men withdrew. Through the next few years Farnham was an important centre of Parliamentary operations and the garrison cost Farnham people dearly in terms of local taxes, provisioning and quartering; even the lead from the Town Hall roof had been requisitioned to make bullets. A number of local women were widowed following the pressing of local men into the militia. The
bombardment
of
Basing House
was by a train of heavy
cannon
assembled at Farnham from other areas and, in 1646, most of the garrison was removed from Farnham to form a brigade to besiege
Donnington Castle
near
Newbury
. The King surrendered shortly afterwards at
Newark
and a small garrison remained at Farnham.
In 1647, having escaped from custody at
Hampton Court
, the King rode through Farnham at dawn on 12 November with a small party of loyal officers, en route to the
Isle of Wight
, where he sought
sanctuary
under the protection of
Colonel Robert Hammond
, a Parliamentarian officer but with Royalist sympathies. The following March,
Oliver Cromwell
stayed at Farnham for discussions concerning the marriage of his daughter to a
Hampshire
gentleman, although some historians have speculated that this was cover for secret negotiations with the King.
Following the
rebellion
during the summer of 1648 the keep was partially dismantled at the orders of Cromwell, to make further occupation by garrison indefensible. In late November that year Hammond was summoned to Farnham, where he was arrested and the King was removed under military escort to the mainland. On 20 December the King and his escort entered Farnham, where groups of men, women and children gathered at the roadside to welcome him and touch his hand. That night the King lodged at Culver Hall (now Vernon House) in West Street before the party continued to London for Charles's trial and execution in January 1649. The King gave his night cap to Henry Vernon, owner of Culver Hall, "as a token of Royal favour". Records show that the following period of
interregnum
until
restoration
of the monarchy in 1660 was a time of prosperity and growth for Farnham. In 1660 the bishops of Winchester were restored to the adjoining Bishops Palace, which remained their residence until 1927. From 1927 until 1955 it was a residence of the bishops of the newly created diocese of
Guildford
. The castle is currently owned by
English Heritage
.
Post-restoration
[
edit
]
Farnham became a successful market town; the author
Daniel Defoe
wrote that Farnham had the greatest corn-market after London,
[29]
and describes 1,100 fully laden wagons delivering wheat to the town on market day. During the 17th century, other new industries evolved:
greenware pottery
(a pottery, dating from 1873, still exists on the outskirts of the town),
wool
and
cloth
, the processing of
wheat
into flour, and eventually
hops
, a key ingredient of
beer
. The
Anglican divine
,
Augustus Montague Toplady
, composer of the hymn
Rock of Ages
(1763, at Blagston) was born in Farnham in 1740
[30]
? a plaque now marks the building on West Street where he was born.
The radical MP, soldier, farmer, journalist and publisher
William Cobbett
was born in Farnham in 1763, in a pub called the Jolly Farmer.
[31]
The pub still stands, and has since been renamed the William Cobbett.
[32]
The
London and South Western Railway
arrived in 1848 and, in 1854, neighbouring
Aldershot
became the "Home of the British Army".
[33]
Both events had a significant effect on Farnham. The fast link with London meant city businessmen could think of having a house in the country and still be in close contact with the office; Farnham thereby became an early example of a 'commuter town'. Also, the railway did not reach Aldershot until 1870; during the intervening period soldiers would be carried by train to
Farnham station
and then march to Aldershot.
[34]
Many officers and their families chose to billet in Farnham itself. The railway was electrified by the
Southern Railway
company in 1937 as far as Alton,
[35]
and a carriage shed for the new electric stock was built in Weydon Lane. This building, which carried fading camouflage paint for many years after World War II, was replaced in 2006.
In 1895 Farnham Urban District Council (FUDC) was formed.
[36]
In 1930 the council purchased Farnham Park,
[37]
a large park occupying much of the former castle grounds. That same year,
St Joan of Arc Church
was built on Waverley Lane, it was dedicated to
St Joan of Arc
because
Farnham Castle
was a residence of
Cardinal Henry Beaufort
who presided over the saint's trial.
[38]
The FUDC was abolished in 1973 by the Local Government Act of the previous year.
[36]
Farnham, together with Hindhead, Haslemere, Cranleigh and surrounding areas were absorbed into the new Waverley District Council (latterly Waverley Borough Council) with its headquarters in Godalming. In 1984 Farnham Parish Council became Farnham Town Council, taking on some of the minor roles of the former FUDC from Waverley.
[39]
Farnham Maltings
, Bridge Square was once a tannery; the site expanded to become part of the Farnham United Breweries, which included its own maltings. Taken over by a major brewer (
Courage
) brewing ceased but malting continued into the 1960s, when Courage planned to sell off the site for redevelopment. The people of Farnham raised enough money to buy the building so that it could be converted into a community centre for the town.
[40]
Other buildings in Farnham once linked to the Farnham Maltings include The Oasthouse (now offices) in Mead Lane and The Hop Kiln (now private residences) on Weydon Lane.
Transport
[
edit
]
Rail
[
edit
]
Farnham railway station
is served by
South Western Railway
services between
Alton
and
Waterloo
. South Western Railway also manage the station. Services to Guildford are facilitated by a line running in that direction.
[41]
The
Alton Line
becomes a single track between Farnham and
Alton station
.
[42]
The station formerly served as the terminus for the
Tongham railway
until passenger services ceased in July 1937.
[43]
Roads
[
edit
]
The
A31
Farnham bypass links the town by road to
Winchester
, Alton and
Guildford
; the
A325
links the town to
Farnborough
and to the
A3
(London-Portsmouth) at
Greatham
. The
A287
links Farnham to the
M3
at
Hook
and the A3 at
Hindhead
.
[44]
Buses
[
edit
]
Farnham is served by several bus routes, the majority of bus services originate from Aldershot bus station and are run by
Stagecoach
.
[45]
The
Waverley Hoppa
provides demand-responsive transport for travel between Farnham and the surrounding villages.
[46]
The nearest airport for business passengers is
Farnborough Airport
. The nearest major airport is
London Heathrow Airport
which is 31 miles (50 km) by road.
[47]
Gatwick Airport
and
Southampton Airport
are each about 43 miles (69 km) away by main roads.
Recreational routes
[
edit
]
Farnham is the western starting point of the
North Downs Way
National Trail
, which is predominantly footpath.
The Pilgrims Way which follows long sections of the North Downs Way traditionally runs from Winchester to Canterbury. The footpath known as
St. Swithun's Way
has created a more pleasant route to Winchester than the modern road network which constitutes a lot of the Pilgrims Way.
The southern suburb of Rowledge lies adjacent to the north western fringes of the
South Downs National Park
.
National Cycle Route 22
passes through Farnham, connecting it to Guildford,
East Surrey
,
Isle of Wight
and the
New Forest
.
[48]
Economy
[
edit
]
Farnham is a
market town
[49]
with many shops located along the main thoroughfare running through West Street, The Borough and East Street. The town has a significant number of independent retailers, some of which have been in business since the 19th century, such as Rangers Furnishing Stores (est. 1895), Elphicks department store (est. 1881) and
Pullingers
(est. 1850). The latter evolved into the Pullingers Art Shop chain and is thought to be Farnham's oldest surviving business. There are also branches of many national retailers and grocery markets.
Castle Street's market stalls have been replaced by semi-permanent "
orangery
" style buildings. Once a month a
farmers' market
is held in the central car park where produce from farms in Farnham and the surrounding area is sold.
[50]
The Farnham Maltings hosts a monthly market selling arts, crafts, antiques and bric-a-brac
[51]
with specialist fairs and festivals held there on a less regular basis.
[52]
Public services
[
edit
]
Public library
[
edit
]
Farnham Library moved to its current site in the grounds of Vernon House in April 1990.
[53]
Refurbished in November 2005, it is a community
lending library
service run by
Surrey County Council
. The library is housed in the historic Vernon House at which
King Charles I
slept on his way to his trial and execution in London in 1649, commemorated by a plaque on the building wall.
[54]
The library features public gardens with sculptures provided by local artists and
UCA
students.
[
citation needed
]
Museum of Farnham
[
edit
]
The
Museum of Farnham
is located at
Willmer House
, an 18th-century town house with a decorative brickwork facade in West Street. It houses a collection of artefacts spanning several periods of the town's history and prehistory.
[55]
[
better source needed
]
The museum was founded in 1961 to provide the Farnham community with a collection dedicated to the history of the local area in an elegant Grade I listed Georgian townhouse which still retains many original features, including a walled garden. The displays include items from a large and eclectic collection; from archaeological artefacts to nationally important artworks by local artists and an extensive costume collection. The museum has a Local Studies Library.
[
citation needed
]
Leisure and recreation
[
edit
]
There are two main parks in Farnham town centre: Farnham Park and Gostrey Meadow. Farnham Park is adjacent to Farnham Castle. Gostrey Meadow is in the centre of Farnham, next to the river Wey, and includes a fenced children's play area. There is a skate park and leisure centre next to the town centre.
Hospital
[
edit
]
Farnham Hospital
is directly north east of the town.
[56]
It was once the main hospital in the area, including
accident and emergency
services, but that role is now taken by
Frimley Park Hospital
.
[57]
Farnham once had a second hospital which was at the end of Bardsley Drive, on the site which is now Lynton Close.
[58]
Cemeteries
[
edit
]
The town has four cemeteries, all maintained by Farnham Town Council: Hale Cemetery in Upper Hale; Badshot Lea Cemetery on Badshot Lea Road;
Green Lane Cemetery
and the
West Street Cemetery
.
[59]
Tourism
[
edit
]
The town has a number of attractive houses from various periods, and many passages which reveal hidden parts of the town including old workshops, historic cottages and hidden gardens. Farnham Castle was built by the
Normans
and updated over the years as the
Palace
of the Bishops of Winchester. The former Bishops' Palace of the castle is now a training and conference centre,
[60]
which also manages the keep, recently made more accessible by a Heritage Lottery Fund Grant.
[61]
The keep is open to the public, and organised tours of the palace are held weekly.
[62]
Many of the places mentioned in the books of
George Sturt
can be seen, and Waverley Abbey, the first
Cistercian
Abbey in England, is open to the public. Farnham borders the
Surrey Hills
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
and the
North Downs Way
long-distance path starts here.
Alice Holt Forest
is nearby, as are
Frensham Ponds
and many
heaths
and
downland
scenery. The
Rural Life Living Museum
is nearby at Tilford, and the town is a suitable tourist base for Winchester, the
Mid-Hants Railway
and canal trips on the
Basingstoke Canal
and
Wey Navigation
.
Culture
[
edit
]
Farnham has a strong association with the creative arts.
[63]
[64]
Farnham School of Art
opened in 1866 and was associated with the
Arts and crafts movement
when architects such as
Edwin Lutyens
and
Harold Falkner
, painters such as
George Watts
and
W. H. Allen
, potters such as
Mary Watts
and landscape gardeners such as
Gertrude Jekyll
worked in the area. Farnham has several art galleries: the New Ashgate Gallery in Lower Church Lane has exhibitions by established and new artists in a variety of media, the exhibition changing on the first Saturday of each month. The gallery at Farnham Maltings also has frequent exhibitions.
Entertainment
[
edit
]
Farnham Maltings
has diverse concerts including
opera
,
folk
and
acoustic music gigs
, band evenings and
stand up comedy
nights, as well as shows and workshops for younger people. There is a
cinema
run every Wednesday at the Maltings. The Maltings hosts an "Acoustic Fridays" evening once a month. A regular
blues
night takes place in the "Cellar Bar" and the whole venue is taken over for the annual Blues Festival. In keeping with the town's historical link with hop-growing and beer, the Farnham Maltings holds the
Farnham Beer Exhibition
, an annual event that started in 1977, known as “Farnham Beerex”.
[65]
There are many pubs in Farnham, many of which have live music regularly.
Farnham has an annual carnival, usually held on the last Saturday in June, organised by two charitable
service organisations
, the Farnham
Lions Club
and The Hedgehogs.
[66]
Castle Street is closed for the evening, with bands playing on a stage in the street, a
beer tent
,
barbecue
, and sideshows. A procession of
carnival floats
,
marching bands
,
tableaux
,
trade floats
and classic vehicles parade through the main streets of the town. Local schools also participate in the parade, which has a different theme each year. Staff of the local Kar Ling Kwong Chinese restaurant traditionally perform the
Lion Dance
each year as part of the parade, the restaurant closed in February 2019.
[67]
There is also a smaller Hale Carnival which takes place in the village of
Hale
in the North of Farnham. This is usually held on the first Saturday of July.
[68]
The arts
[
edit
]
William Herbert Allen
, the notable English landscape watercolour artist, lived and worked in Farnham for most of his career. He was Master of Farnham Art School from 1889 to 1927 and many of his works depict landscapes of the Farnham area.
[69]
Illustrator
Pauline Baynes
spent much of her childhood in Farnham and trained at the Farnham School of Art.
[70]
A popular fantasy artist,
Josephine Wall
, was born and educated in the town.
[71]
Since Roman times the
wealden
clay of the area has been exploited for pottery and brickmaking. Pottery continued on a small-scale commercial basis until the closure of
Farnham Pottery
at Wrecclesham in 1998, when it passed to the Farnham Buildings Preservation Trust. Farnham Pottery, in addition to utility wares, became famous during the
Arts and crafts movement
for their decorative wares, either hand-thrown or moulded and decorated in a variety of coloured glazes, particularly "Farnham Greenware".
[72]
There was close co-operation between the pottery and
Farnham School of Art
(now a campus of
University for the Creative Arts
).
The Castle Theatre in Castle Street was replaced by the
Redgrave Theatre
in 1974 which, itself, closed down in 1998 due to the decline of repertory theatre in England.
[73]
In 1998 'The New Farnham Repertory Company', now renamed Farnham Rep, was formed to carry on the tradition of repertory theatre in the town. The Farnham Theatre Association campaigns for a theatre in Farnham, either in the form of a restored Redgrave Theatre or a new building.
[74]
The Maltings
[
edit
]
Productions still regularly take place at the Maltings, which produces work and receives touring shows. Productions are occasionally held in the grounds of Farnham Library. Various genres of music are promoted at the Maltings, where there is a dance studio. The Maltings is a creative arts centre, catering for all ages, with workshops, clubs, groups and sessions involved in craft, theatre, music and writing, including
Rock Choir
, amongst others.
[
citation needed
]
The New Ashgate Gallery
[
edit
]
The New Ashgate Gallery is a non-profit, educational charity based in Farnham. It specialises in
contemporary art
and
craft
, organising a programme of exhibitions and projects with artists and makers. Established in 1959, the gallery is the longest running craft space in South of England and
[75]
was the first provincial gallery to showcase both local and international artists.
[76]
Architect Paul Archer designed a quarter-million pound redevelopment for the Gallery that was finished in 2004.
[77]
The gallery organises established platforms to present new work through exhibitions projects such as the
Surrey Artist of the Year
competition, organised with the Surrey Open Studios, the Hothouse, an early career maker support programme with the Crafts Council, and the annual, open call
Rising Stars
touring exhibition that provides information, guidance, networking and exhibition opportunities to emerging and graduating artists from the UK and internationally.
[78]
Peter Pan
[
edit
]
It was in Farnham, whilst living at Black Lake Cottage, a remote woodland retreat near Tilford, that
J. M. Barrie
was inspired to write
Peter Pan
.
[79]
Bourne Wood
The nearby
Bourne Wood
is a popular film location appearing in
Gladiator
,
Thor: The Dark World
and
Wonder Woman
.
Education
[
edit
]
Farnham has a broad mix of
state
,
religious
and
private
schools. There are eight infant schools, nine primary/junior schools, three secondary schools and two schools for pupils with special educational needs.
[80]
There are also four independent schools in the Farnham area.
[81]
Farnham College
(part of
Guildford College
) provides further education. The
University for the Creative Arts
at Canterbury, Epsom, Farnham, Maidstone and Rochester or UCA (a merger of the local
Surrey Institute of Art & Design, University College
and
Kent Institute of Art & Design
) provides higher education.
The area includes some of the top state schools (academies) in the country including
South Farnham School
,
Weydon School
and many others who consistently rank highly in school results year on year including South Farnham which has, more than once, been rated the best state primary school in the country based on exam results.
[82]
[83]
[84]
Farnham Grammar School
was created some time before 1585 (when a donation by a Richard Searle was recorded
[85]
"to the maintenance of the school in Farnham").
[86]
In 1905 the town centre assets of the old grammar school, located in West Street, were sold in order to purchase and build new premises in fields to the south of the town.
[86]
In 1973 this campus became a
Sixth Form College
and was renamed Farnham College.
[85]
Sport
[
edit
]
There are various sporting facilities in Farnham of which the local
leisure centre
is one. The centre is run by
DC Leisure
on behalf of Waverley borough council.
[87]
The leisure centre was built in 1981 with a swimming pool and training pool, gym and main hall for team sports. The entire centre was refurbished in 2010, during which the swimming pool was lengthened by four centimetres to exactly 25 metres to allow galas to be held.
[88]
The town is represented in the non-league football pyramid by
Farnham Town F.C.
, who compete in the premier division of the
Combined Counties League
.
[89]
There is a second football club, Farnham United FC which has several youth teams as well one adult team, Farnham United.
[90]
Farnham Swimming Club (FSC) was established in 1893 and is based at the Farnham leisure centre. The club is a member of Swim England and competes in the National, Regional and County Championships.
Farnham Cricket Club was established in 1782, originally playing in
Holt Pound
.
[91]
The current ground is at the edge of Farnham Park near the former moat of the castle.
[91]
Farnham RUFC is based in Wilkinson Way. Farnham Archers have a ground in
Elstead
.
The Farnham and Aldershot hockey club runs six senior men's teams, four senior women's teams who play in the South, Hampshire and Surrey leagues.
[92]
Floorball hockey
is regularly played by the adult team Southern Vipers FBC.
[93]
Farnham has a public
golf course
which is next to the cricket ground directly behind
Farnham Castle
. It was designed by Sir
Henry Cotton
.
[94]
It is a nine-hole, par-three golf course.
[94]
A horse named Farnham took part in the
1850 Grand National
but was largely unregarded by the public and finished outside the first four.
Carlin Motorsport
are based in the town.
Demography and housing
[
edit
]
In 1901, the population of Farnham was about 14,000. Since the end of the
Second World War
, Farnham has expanded from a population of about 20,000 to 39,488; about 16,500 people live in the town centre (as distinct from the town centre
conservation area
), while the remaining inhabitants live in the suburbs and villages within the town's administrative boundaries.
2011 Census Homes
Output area
|
Detached
|
Semi-detached
|
Terraced
|
Flats and apartments
|
Caravans/temporary/mobile homes
|
shared between households
[1]
|
(Civil parish)
|
6,689
|
4,299
|
2,568
|
2,467
|
20
|
7
|
The average level of accommodation in the region composed of detached houses was 28%, the average that was apartments was 22.6%.
2011 Census Key Statistics
Output area
|
Population
|
Households
|
% Owned outright
|
% Owned with a loan
|
hectares
[1]
|
(Civil parish)
|
39,488
|
16,050
|
37.0%
|
37.6%
|
3,652
|
The proportion of households in the civil parish who owned their home outright compares to the regional average of 35.1%. The proportion who owned their home with a loan compares to the regional average of 32.5%. The remaining % is made up of rented dwellings (plus a negligible % of households living rent-free).
Politics
[
edit
]
Farnham is represented by councillors at a county, district and town level. Farnham is represented at
Surrey County Council
by three councillors from three county council wards: Farnham Central, Farnham North and Farnham South.
[95]
As of the 2021 election, all three of the sitting county councillors are members of the Farnham Residents party.
[96]
As the town with the largest population in
Waverley
,
[97]
Farnham has nine wards, and is represented by eighteen councillors at Waverley Borough Council. As of the 2019 election, 15 councillors represent the Farnham Residents party, two represent the
Liberal Democrats
, and one represents the
Conservatives
.
[98]
The current Member of Parliament is
Jeremy Hunt
(Conservative).
Media
[
edit
]
The
Farnham Herald
is the only newspaper exclusively for Farnham; published by
Tindle Newspaper Group
. It was established by E.W. Langham in 1892 and bought by the Tindle newspaper group in 1967.
[99]
Farnham is also covered by
Ash & Farnham News & Mail
, which is published by
Trinity Mirror
.
[100]
Parks and open spaces
[
edit
]
Gostrey Meadow
[
edit
]
Until the late 17th century, Gostrey Meadow was part of a larger area of land owned by the Bush Hotel. The estate became progressively fragmented as building plots were sold and by 1900, the meadow was being used as an illegal rubbish dump. The 4-acre (1.6 ha) site was purchased by the UDC in 1909 and repurposed as a public park.
[101]
The area was landscaped and the ground flattened.
[102]
The drinking fountain was installed in 1911 and, the following year, the public shelter and wooden bridge over the Wey were opened.
[103]
The war memorial at the east end of the meadow was designed by the architect, W. C. Watson, in
Portland stone
and was dedicated in April 1921.
[104]
Farnham Park
[
edit
]
The area now known as Farnham Park was created for
Bishop William of Wykeham
in 1376 and was initially known as the New or Little Park. Like the larger Old or Great Park to the west, it was used as a
deer park
for Farnham Castle. By 1690, the Great Park was being used as farmland, but the Little Park was used for intended purpose until the late 18th century. Under
Bishop Brownlow North
in the early 19th century, the park was landscaped with the addition of walkways and planting of new trees.
[105]
295 acres (119 ha) were offered for sale to the borough in 1928 and the purchase was completed in July the following year.
[106]
Tice's Meadow, Bagshot Lea
[
edit
]
The 55 ha (140-acre) Tice's Meadow at Bagshot Lea was previously a former quarry, operated by
Hanson plc
. Sand and gravel extraction ended in 2010 and the site was redeveloped as a community nature reserve. A formal opening ceremony took place in May 2018, following the installation of two new footbridges over the River Blackwater.
[107]
Tice's Meadow was purchased by Surrey County Council in 2021, supported by funding from five other local councils.
[108]
The reserve features areas of open water, exposed gravel islands, seedbeds and woodlands. It provides a habitat for bird species, including
reed warblers
and
sand martins
,
[109]
and has been designated a
Site of Nature Conservation Interest
.
[110]
In November 2022, the Tice's Meadow Bird Group was given a National Biodiversity Network award for its work in surveying and recording bird species at the site.
[111]
Notable people
[
edit
]
In addition to those mentioned in the text above, notable people born in Farnham include:
Notable Farnham residents include:
- John Verney (author)
, decorated war hero, artist and architectural conservationist lived at Runwick House from 1944 to 1976, two miles (three kilometres) outside Farnham.
[112]
- Anthony Faramus
, actor, author, hunt saboteur and concentration camp survivor lived in the town.
- John Henry Knight
(1847?1917), who built the first
British
motor car and designed a number of innovative digging machines for use in hop fields, was born and brought up at
Weybourne
on the outskirts of the town.
- The Rev.
John Macleod Campbell Crum
, writer of the hymn
Now the Green Blade Riseth
, was Rector of Farnham from 1913 to 1928, and his daughter
Margaret
was born in the town in 1921.
- Actor
Jim Sturgess
was raised in Farnham (1981-).
[113]
- The British intelligence officer
Christopher Steele
, known for compiling the controversial
Steele dossier
, lives in Farnham with his family.
[114]
Actors and actresses
[
edit
]
Gerald Flood
, stage, TV and film actor, lived in Farnham for most of his life;
Peter Lupino
, a well-known
West End
actor of the 1930s and 40s, and member of the famous theatrical family, also lived for many years in Farnham, in Red Lion Lane and was a well-known local character in his retirement. Actor
Bill Maynard
, the
Carry On
and
Heartbeat
actor, was born in the town. The actor
Bill Wallis
lived in the town and learned his trade on the stage of the Castle Theatre. Opera singer Sir
Peter Pears
(1910?1986) was born in Farnham and
Jessie Matthews
, OBE (1907?1981), the actress, dancer, and singer of the 1930s to 1960s, lived in Weybourne.
[115]
Notable sportspeople
[
edit
]
- Cricketer
"Silver Billy" Beldham
(1766-1862) was born on the outskirts of town, in
Wrecclesham
. He played in Farnham Cricket Club's first match, against
Odiham
, when he was 16 years old
[
citation needed
]
- Graham Thorpe
(1969-) England cricket captain, was born in Farnham and played at the Farnham cricket ground
- Mike Hawthorn
(1929-1959), driving for
Ferrari
, became the first British
Formula One
World Champion in 1958. His family moved to Farnham when he was two years old, so his father could be nearer to
Brooklands
race track
- Jonny Wilkinson
(1979-) England's world-cup-winning kicker and former captain was born in
Frimley
and grew up in Farnham. Jonny, alongside England scrum half
Peter Richards
(1978-) who was not born in Farnham, played for Farnham Rugby Football Club at mini level
- Joel Freeland
(born 1987), international basketball player and NBA player for the
Portland Trail Blazers
, worked in Farnham as a shelf-stacker for a supermarket
[116]
- Tom Pollitt
(1900?1979), first-class cricketer and Royal Air Force officer
- Gilbert White
(1912?1977), first-class cricketer and British Army officer
- Fran Wilson
(born 1991), England Women's Cricket Player was born in Farnham
- Lottie Woad
(born 2004) amateur golfer
[117]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
Key Statistics; Quick Statistics: Population Density
Archived
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, p. 169
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Farnham During the Civil Wars and Interregnum
55pp, Farnham Castle Newspapers, c. 1980
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Bibliography
[
edit
]
- Ewbank Smith, William (1979).
Edwardian Farnham: The story of a Surrey town, 1900-1914
. Alton: Charles Hammick.
ISBN
0-9068-5600-0
.
- Ewbank Smith, William (1983).
Farnham in war and peace
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ISBN
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- Gover, J.E.B.;
Mawer, A.
;
Stenton, F.M.
(1969).
The place-names of Surrey
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- Mills, A.D. (2003).
Oxford Dictionary of British Place Names
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ISBN
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.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for
Farnham
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