International nonprofit organization
Farm Animal Rights Movement
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b8/Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement_logo.png/220px-Farm_Animal_Rights_Movement_logo.png) |
Founded
| 1976
; 48 years ago
(
1976
)
|
---|
Type
| Nonprofit
|
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Focus
| Animal rights
|
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Location
| |
---|
Employees
| 5
|
---|
Website
| farmusa
.org
|
---|
Farm Animal Rights Movement
(
FARM
) is an international nonprofit organization working to promote a
vegan
lifestyle and
animal rights
through public education and grass roots outreach.
[1]
It operates ten national and international programs from its headquarters in
Bethesda, Maryland
. FARM has the abolitionist vision of a world where animals are free from all forms of human exploitation, including, food and clothing, research and testing, entertainment and hunting. FARM's mission is to spare the largest number of animals from being bred, abused, and slaughtered for food, as this accounts for 98% of all animal abuse and slaughter.
[2]
[3]
FARM was co-founded by
Alex Hershaft
in 1976 as the Vegetarian Information Service to distribute information on the benefits of a
vegetarian diet
. In 1981, it became the Farm Animal Reform Movement
[4]
[5]
by embracing
veganism
and the right of animals not to be used for food. In 2011, it adopted the
DBA
of Farm Animal Rights Movement to emphasize its commitment to ending the use of animals for food, rather than merely reforming their treatment.
History
[
edit
]
In August 1975, Alex Hershaft
[6]
[7]
became involved in the vegetarian movement after attending the World Vegetarian Congress in Orono, ME, and meeting
Jay Dinshah
.
[1]
[8]
[9]
In 1976, Hershaft founded the Vegetarian Information Service (VIS) to distribute information on the benefits of a vegetarian diet. That same year, he participated in the hearings before the
Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs
, which led to the publication of
Dietary Goals for the United States
, and eventually to the periodic publication of the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
. Subsequently, VIS testified before Congress in favor of the 1978 National Consumer Nutrition Information Act and the
Federal Meat Inspection Act
of 1978. Accordingly, in the summer of 1981, Hershaft organized Action For Life, a national conference in
Allentown, Pennsylvania
, that effectively launched the U.S.
animal rights movement
. Participants included such animal rights pioneers as
Cleveland Amory
,
Ingrid Newkirk
,
Alex Pacheco
,
Peter Singer
,
Henry Spira
,
Gretchen Wyler
, as well as radio host
Thom Hartmann
. These conferences continued for seven more years in San Francisco (1982), Montclair, NJ (1983), Los Angeles (1985), Chicago (1986), Cambridge, Massachusetts (1987), and Washington (1984 and 1991).
[10]
Immediately following the 1981 conference, Hershaft co-founded the Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM) to promote a vegan lifestyle and animal rights.
[11]
FARM's early programs were Gentle Thanksgiving (1976), Action for Life conferences (1981?1991), Compassion Campaign (1982?1992), Veal Ban Campaign (1982?1986), World Farm Animals Day (1983), Great American Meatout (1985), Letters from FARM (1996), the second series of annual national animal rights conferences (1997), Consumers for Healthy Options in Children's Education (CHOICE) (1999?2009), Sabina Fund (1999), and Vegan Earth Day (2001).
[12]
[13]
As of 2020, Eric C. Lindstrom is the executive director of FARM.
[14]
World Day for Farmed Animals
[
edit
]
World Day for Farmed Animals (WDFA) was launched in 1983 (as World Farm Animals Day) to expose the abuses of
animal farming
and to memorialize the billions of cows, pigs, and other innocent, sentient animals slaughtered for food throughout the world. The date selected was October 2, the birthday of
Mahatma Gandhi
, world's foremost advocate of nonviolence. The occasion is observed each year with
slaughterhouse
protests and other dramatic events by hundreds of activists in the U.S. and two dozen other countries.
[15]
[16]
World Day for Farmed Animals has been covered in the media
[17]
including
The Washington Post
,
[18]
Delaware Online
,
[19]
and
New York Daily News
.
[20]
Great American MeatOut
[
edit
]
Playing off the "Great American Smokeout", the Great American MeatOut was launched in 1985 to protest a U.S. Senate resolution proclaiming National Meat Week.
[6]
It has since grown into one of the world's largest annual grass roots diet education campaigns. The date of March 20 marks the first day of spring, symbolizing renewal and life-changing opportunity.
[21]
The occasion is observed each year by hundreds of activists in the U.S. and two dozen other countries with food samplings, leafleting, information tables, and other educational events. Visitors are asked to pledge that they will kick the meat habit on March 20 (first day of spring). Special MeatOut proclamations have been issued by 40 governors and 47 mayors of large American cities.
[22]
In 2021, MeatOut was met with intense opposition by ranchers across the West when Colorado Governor Polis proclaimed MeatOut Day across the state. In 2022, MeatOut Day was proclaimed in:
- Dallas, Texas
- Houston, Texas
- Charlotte, North Carolina
- Durham, North Carolina
- Columbus, Georgia
- Louisville, Kentucky
- Cincinnati, Ohio
- Madison, Wisconsin
- Riverside, California
- Fort Wayne, Indiana
And for the first time, MeatOut Day was proclaimed in New York City by Mayor
Eric Adams
.
The MeatOut campaign has received media coverage including
Time
,
[23]
Huffington Post
,
[24]
Washington Post
, and
Los Angeles Times
.
[25]
10 Billion Lives
[
edit
]
FARM's 10 Billion Lives campaign paid people $1 to watch a four-minute video that begins by noting the viewer's respect for the unique personality of the family pet and the parallel with farmed animals.
[26]
It continued with graphic
factory farm
and
slaughterhouse
footage and closed by empowering the viewer to change the horrors he/she just witnessed by pledging a number of
vegan
days per week.
[27]
The video was screened at rock concerts (including the
Warped Tour
) and college campuses by a specially designed truck and mobile kiosks.
Each viewer received a series of eight weekly introductions to
veganism
, then a weekly Meatout Mondays newsletter containing a recipe, product or book review, health news, and human interest story.
[28]
This reflects FARM's concept of "sustained vegan advocacy," which posits that the initial contact must be followed by weekly support to prevent regression.
Animal rights conferences
[
edit
]
FARM's 1981 first-ever
animal rights
conference laid the foundation for the U.S.
animal rights movement
. Seven additional annual conferences followed in 1982 (San Francisco), 1983 (Montclair, NJ), 1984 (Washington, DC), 1985 (Los Angeles), 1986 (Chicago), 1987 (Cambridge, Massachusetts), and 1991 (Washington, DC). Between 1987 and 1996, the annual conferences were taken over by the National Alliance for Animals.
[29]
[30]
In 1997, FARM resumed management of the animal rights movement's annual conferences, alternating locations between
Washington
, DC, and
Los Angeles
. A typical conference involves a thousand attendees, 90 presenters from 60 organizations, a hundred sessions, 90 exhibits, and several new video documentaries.
[31]
[32]
[33]
Beginning in 2000,
conference
presenters have been inducting to a U.S.
Animal Rights Hall of Fame
national leaders, authors, or other key agents of change who have made an outstanding contribution to the advancement of animal rights in the U.S. for at least ten years.
Legacy
[
edit
]
Aside from the specific accomplishments of its own 14 programs (including the three defunct ones), FARM has had a number of impacts on the U.S. Animal Rights Movement, in particular, and U.S. dietary and social justice advocacy, in general:
- FARM's 1981 Action for Life conference provided the springboard for formation of the U.S. animal rights movement. FARM's current annual conferences still offer the only national networking opportunity for movement leaders and activists.
- FARM has been largely responsible for turning the U.S. animal rights movement mission from vivisection to animal farming, which accounts for 98% of all animal abuse and killing. FARM's Veal Ban Campaign and World Farm Animals Day were the first farmed animal advocacy programs in the U.S.
- FARM's 10 Billion Lives, Live Vegan, and Meatout Mondays programs have promoted vegan advocacy by recognizing that new vegans need sustained support to keep from reverting to consumption of animal products.
- FARM's Great American Meatout was a forerunner to similar annual grassroots diet education campaigns by the
American Heart Association
,
American Cancer Society
, and
Center for Science in the Public Interest
, as well as the 2003 revival of the
Meatless Monday
campaign by the
Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future
and the 2009 Meat-Free Monday campaign by
Paul McCartney
.
- FARM's Congressional testimonies, participation in numerous national
party platform
hearing and conventions, and national polls of candidates for public office brought the concept of
veganism
and
animal rights
to key U.S. legislators, executives, and journalists.
[34]
- Equal Justice Alliance is bringing the concept of freedom of advocacy for
animal rights
and other social justice issues to the highest levels of U.S. legal community.
A number of animal rights movement leaders got their start at FARM, including
Gene Baur
, Peter Link (organizer of the 1990 March for Animal Rights),
[35]
[36]
Mike Markarian (Exec. VP,
The Humane Society of the United States
), Jack Norris (co-founder of
Vegan Outreach
),
Alex Pacheco
, and
Paul Shapiro
.
Prominent supporters of FARM's campaigns have included screen and television celebrities
Ed Asner
,
Bob Barker
,
James Cromwell
,
Doris Day
,
Casey Kasem
,
Bill Maher
,
Mary Tyler Moore
,
Alicia Silverstone
, and
Jane Velez Mitchell
, as well as social reformers
Cesar Chavez
,
Thom Hartmann
,
Michael Jacobson
,
Frances Moore Lappe
,
Heather Mills
, and
Jeremy Rifkin
.
Animal Charity Evaluators review
[
edit
]
Animal charity evaluator
Animal Charity Evaluators
has named FARM as a Standout Charity in their May 2014 and December 2014 reviews.
[37]
The December 2014 review states that FARM's openness to change based on new evidence, their stable leadership and organizational structure, and their transparency are all reasons for their selection as a Standout Charity.
[37]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
"Holocaust survivor heads animal rights group Alex Hershaft throws himself into cause"
Archived
2017-03-21 at the
Wayback Machine
Baltimore Sun
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 87.
- ^
Norm Phelps
.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2004; pp. 190, 226.
- ^
"Farm Animal Rights Movement (FARM)"
Archived
2014-02-19 at the
Wayback Machine
About.com. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"Farm Animal Reform Movement (FARM)"
Archived
2014-02-19 at the
Wayback Machine
Charity Choices. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
a
b
"The Brains Behind the Great American Meatout"
VegNews
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"24 Carrot Award"
Vegetarians in Paradise
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 75
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2004; pp. 190, 222.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 76.
- ^
Norm Phelps, "The Longest Struggle," Lantern Books, 2004; p. 223.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 121.
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2004; p. 226-227.
- ^
"Eric Lindstrom Takes Over as Executive Director for Farm Animal Rights Movement"
. Ladyfreethinker.org. Retrieved 2021-02-26.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 121-122.
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2007; p. 226.
- ^
"Toronto Pig Save protests brutality at Downtown meat packer"
The Bulletin
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
"Animal rights activists to protest at Agriculture Dept."
Washington Post
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
"Animal rights activists take protest to Perdue"
Archived
2014-02-19 at the
Wayback Machine
Delaware Online
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"Animal rights activists protest live meat market in Queens"
New York Daily News
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
"Celebrate Great American Meatout"
Archived
2016-04-23 at the
Wayback Machine
VegKitchen. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"Michigan Meatout Day draws scorn"
UPI. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"The Meatless (and Less Meat) Revolution"
Time
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
Ellen Kanner. (March 15, 2010)
"Great American Meatout Puts Kindness on the Menu"
Huffington Post
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"More vegans, vegetarians fuel meatless market. Soy burger anyone?"
Los Angeles Times
. Retrieved 2014-2-2.
- ^
"FARM campaign pays viewers $1 to watch graphic anti-meat video"
LA Times
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
"New animal rights push pays people to watch disturbing videos"
Archived
2014-02-20 at the
Wayback Machine
Sacramento Bee
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
"Animal Rights Group Pays People To Watch Propaganda"
Beef Magazine
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
Lawrence Finsen and Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; pp. 75-76.
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2007; p. 222.
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2007; pp. 274-275.
- ^
"Animal Rights Backers Converge in Va." By Abhi Raghunathan,
The Washington Post
, Thursday, July 5, 2001; Page B03.
- ^
(August 17, 2008)
"Animal Advocate Envisions a Vegetarian World"
The Washington Post
. Retrieved 2014-2-3.
- ^
Lawrence & Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 84.
- ^
Lawrence Finsen and Susan Finsen.
The Animal Rights Movement in America: From Compassion to Respect
. Twayne Publishers, 1994; p. 72.
- ^
Norm Phelps.
The Longest Struggle
. Lantern Books, 2007; pp. 249-250.
- ^
a
b
"Farm Animal Rights Movement Review"
. Animal Charity Evaluators
. Retrieved
10 September
2015
.
External links
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Topics (overviews, concepts, issues, cases)
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Overviews
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Concepts
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Issues
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Cases
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Observances
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Academics
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Activists
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Media (books, films, periodicals, albums)
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Books
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Films
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Fairs and exhibitions
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