Women's international association football competition
Football tournament
The
FIFA Women's World Cup
is an international
association football
competition contested by the senior
women's national teams
of the members of Federation Internationale de Football Association (
FIFA
), the sport's international governing body. The competition has been held every four years and one year after the men's
FIFA World Cup
since 1991, when the
inaugural tournament
, then called the FIFA Women's World Championship, was held in
China
. Under the tournament's current format, national teams vie for the remaining 31 slots in a three-year
qualification phase
. The host nation's team is automatically entered as the first slot. The tournament, called the
World Cup Finals
, is contested at venues within the host nation(s) over about one month.
The nine FIFA Women's World Cup tournaments have been won by five national teams. The
United States
have won four times. The other winners are
Germany
, with two titles, and
Japan
,
Norway
, and
Spain
with one title each.
Eight countries have hosted the Women's World Cup. China and the United States have each hosted the tournament twice, while Australia, Canada, France, Germany, New Zealand, and Sweden have each hosted it once.
The
2023 competition
was hosted by Australia and New Zealand, making it the first edition to be held in the Southern Hemisphere, the first Women's World Cup to be hosted by two countries, as well as the first FIFA competition for either men or women to be held across two confederations.
Format
[
edit
]
Qualification
[
edit
]
Qualifying tournaments are held within the six FIFA continental zones (Africa, Asia, North and Central America and Caribbean, South America, Oceania, Europe), and are organized by their respective confederations:
Confederation of African Football
(CAF),
Asian Football Confederation
(AFC), Confederation of North, Central America, and Caribbean Association Football (
CONCACAF
), South American Football Confederation (
CONMEBOL
),
Oceania Football Confederation
(OFC), and Union of European Football Associations (
UEFA
). For each tournament, FIFA decides beforehand the number of berths awarded to each of the continental zones, based on the relative strength of the confederations' teams. The hosts of the World Cup receive an automatic berth in the finals. Except for the UEFA, other confederations organize its qualification campaign throughout continental tournaments. Since the
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
, the number of finalists increased from 16 to 24 and now 32.
[1]
Final tournament
[
edit
]
The final tournament has featured between 12 and 32 national teams competing over about one month in the host nation(s). There are two stages: the group stage followed by the knockout stage.
[2]
In the group stage, teams are drawn into groups of four teams each. Each group plays a
round-robin tournament
, in which each team is scheduled for three matches against other teams in the same group. The last round of matches of each group is scheduled at the same time to preserve fairness among all four teams. In the 2015 24-team format, the two teams finishing first and second in each group and the four best teams among those ranked third qualified for the round of 16, also called the knockout stage. Points are used to rank the teams within a group. Since
1994
,
Three points have been awarded for a win
, one for a draw and none for a loss (before, winners received two points).
The ranking of each team in each group is determined as follows:
[2]
- Greatest number of points in group matches
- Greatest goal difference in group matches
- Greatest number of goals scored in group matches
- If more than one team remains level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined as follows:
- Greatest number of points in head-to-head matches among those teams
- Greatest goal difference in head-to-head matches among those teams
- Greatest number of goals scored in head-to-head matches among those teams
- If any of the teams above remain level after applying the above criteria, their ranking will be determined by the drawing of lots
The knockout stage is a
single-elimination tournament
in which teams play each other in one-off matches, with
extra time
and
penalty shootouts
used to decide the winners if necessary. It begins with the round of 16. This is followed by the quarter-finals, semi-finals, the
third-place match
(contested by the losing semi-finalists), and the final.
[2]
History
[
edit
]
The first instance of a Women's World Cup dates back to
1970 in Italy
, with the first tournament of that name taking place in July 1970, which Denmark won.
[3]
This was followed by another unofficial World Cup tournament
in Mexico in 1971
, in which
Denmark
won the title after defeating
Mexico
, 3?0, in the final at the
Azteca Stadium
.
[4]
[5]
[6]
In the 1980s, the
Mundialito
was held in Italy across four editions with both
Italy
and
England
winning two titles.
[7]
Several countries lifted bans on women's football in the 1970s, leading to new teams being established in many countries. After official continental women's tournaments were held
in Asia in 1975
[8]
and
Europe in 1984
,
Ellen Wille
declared that she wanted better effort from the
FIFA Congress
in promoting the women's game.
[9]
This came in the form of the
1988 FIFA Women's Invitation Tournament
in China as a test to see if a global women's World Cup was feasible. Twelve national teams took part in the competition ? four from
UEFA
, three from
AFC
, two from
CONCACAF
, one each from
CONMEBOL
,
CAF
and
OFC
. After the opening match of the tournament between
China
and
Canada
was attended by 45,000 people, the tournament was deemed a success, with crowds averaging 20,000.
Norway
, who was the
European champions
, defeated
Sweden
, 1?0, in the final, while
Brazil
clinched third place by beating
the hosts
in a penalty shootout.
[10]
The competition was deemed a success and on 30 June FIFA approved the establishment of an official World Cup, which was to take place in
1991
again in China. Again, twelve teams competed, this time culminating in the
United States
defeating Norway in the final, 2?1, with
Michelle Akers
scoring two goals.
[11]
The
1995 edition
in Sweden saw the experiment of a time-out concept throughout the tournament which was later tightened mid-tournament to only occur after a break in play. The time-out only appeared in the one tournament which saw it scrapped. The final of the 1995 edition saw Norway, who scored 17 goals in the group stage, defeat Germany, 2?0, to capture their only title.
[12]
In the 1999 edition, one of the most famous moments of the tournament was American defender
Brandi Chastain
's victory celebration after scoring the Cup-winning
penalty kick
against
China
. She took off her jersey and waved it over her head (as men frequently do) as she celebrated. The 1999 final in the
Rose Bowl
in
Pasadena, California
, had an attendance of 90,185.
[13]
The 1999 and
2003 Women's World Cups
were both held in the United States; in 2003 China was supposed to host it, but the tournament was moved because of
SARS
.
[14]
As compensation, China retained their automatic qualification to the 2003 tournament as host nation, and was automatically chosen to host the
2007 FIFA Women's World Cup
.
Germany
hosted the
2011 FIFA Women's World Cup
, as decided by vote in October 2007. In March 2011, FIFA awarded
Canada
the right to host the
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
. The 2015 competition saw the field expand from 16 to 24 teams.
[15]
During the
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup
, both
Formiga
of
Brazil
and
Homare Sawa
of
Japan
appeared in their record sixth World Cup,
[16]
a feat that had never been achieved before by either female or male players.
Christie Pearce
became the oldest player to ever play in a Women's World Cup match, at the age of 40 years.
[17]
In March 2015, FIFA awarded
France
the right to host the
2019 FIFA Women's World Cup
over
South Korea
.
[18]
In the 2019 edition, which was held in France, the United States won the tournament for the fourth time.
In 2023, Australia and New Zealand hosted the FIFA Women's World Cup for the first time as joint hosts, and the number of participants was expanded from 24 to 32. It was also the first tournament to be held in the Southern Hemisphere. With
Australia
and
New Zealand
respectively being members of the
Asian Football Confederation
and
Oceania Football Confederation
, this was the first FIFA senior competition to be hosted across two confederations. Spain won their first-ever title, defeating England 1-0 in the final. This made Spain the 2nd nation to win both the Men's and Women's World Cup, after Germany.
Trophy
[
edit
]
The current trophy was designed in 1998 by William Sawaya for the 1999 tournament and takes the form of a spiral band, enclosing a football at the top. It was sculpted by Sawaya & Moroni in
Milan
and stands 47 cm (19 in) tall, weighs 4.6 kg (10 lb) and is made of sterling silver clad in 23-karat yellow and white gold.
[19]
In the 2010s, it was fitted with a cone-shaped base. Underneath the base, the name of each of the tournament's previous winners is engraved.
[20]
The trophy had an estimated value in 2015 of approximately $30,000; by contrast, the men's World Cup trophy is fabricated in 18-karat gold and has a precious metal value of $150,000. However, a new Winner's Trophy is constructed for each women's champion to take home, while there is only one original women's trophy which is retained by FIFA with each women's champion taking home a replica trophy.
[21]
Since 2007, the winners are also awarded the
FIFA Champions Badge
, which is worn on the jerseys of the winning team until the winners of the next tournament have been decided.
[22]
Hosts
[
edit
]
Selection results
[
edit
]
Attendance
[
edit
]
Year
|
Hosts
|
Venues/
Cities
|
Total
attendance †
|
Matches
|
Average
attendance
|
Highest attendances
|
Number
|
Venue
|
Game(s)
|
1991
|
China
|
6/4
|
510,000
|
26
|
18,344
|
65,000
|
Tianhe Stadium
, Guangzhou
|
China PR 4?0 Norway, Opening match
|
1995
|
Sweden
|
5/5
|
112,213
|
26
|
4,316
|
17,158
|
Rasunda Stadium
, Solna
|
Germany 0?2 Norway, final
|
1999
|
United States
|
8/8
|
1,214,209
|
32
|
37,944
|
90,185
|
Rose Bowl
, Pasadena, California
|
United States 0?0 (5?4p) China PR, final
|
2003
|
United States
|
6/6
|
679,664
|
32
|
21,240
|
34,144
|
Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium
, Washington, D.C.
|
United States 3?1 Sweden, quarter-final
|
2007
|
China
|
5/5
|
1,190,971
|
32
|
37,218
|
55,832
|
Tianjin Olympic Center
, Tianjin
|
China PR 2?0 New Zealand, group stage
|
2011
|
Germany
|
9/9
|
845,751
|
32
|
26,430
|
73,680
|
Olympiastadion
, Berlin
|
Germany 2?1 Canada, group stage
|
2015
|
Canada
|
6/6
|
1,353,506
|
52
|
26,029
|
54,027
|
BC Place
, Vancouver
|
England 2?1 Canada, quarter-final
|
2019
|
France
|
9/9
|
1,131,312
|
52
|
21,756
|
57,900
|
Parc Olympique Lyonnais
, Decines-Charpieu
|
United States 2?0 Netherlands, final
|
2023
|
Australia
New Zealand
|
10/9
|
1,978,274
|
64
|
30,911
|
75,784
|
Stadium Australia
, Sydney
|
Five matches, all at Stadium Australia.
|
2027
|
Brazil
|
10/10
|
|
|
|
|
TBA
|
TBA
|
Overall
|
9,015,900
|
348
|
25,908
|
90,185
|
Rose Bowl
, Pasadena (1999)
|
|
† Source: FIFA
[23]
[24]
Notes:
- The 2003 Women's World Cup was initially planned to be hosted by China, with FIFA awarding the hosting rights in October 2000. Following a
SARS outbreak
, it was re-awarded to the United States in May 2003.
[25]
- The
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup
set a new attendance record for all FIFA competitions besides the men's FIFA World Cup.
[24]
Results
[
edit
]
Ed.
|
Year
|
Hosts
|
Final
|
Third-place playoff
|
No. of
teams
|
Champions
|
Score
|
Runners-up
|
Third place
|
Score
|
Fourth place
|
1
|
1991
|
China
|
United States
|
2?1
Tianhe Stadium
,
Guangzhou
|
Norway
|
Sweden
|
4?0
Provincial Stadium
, Guangzhou
|
Germany
|
12
|
2
|
1995
|
Sweden
|
Norway
|
2?0
Rasunda Stadium
,
Solna
|
Germany
|
United States
|
2?0
Stromvallen
,
Gavle
|
China
|
12
|
3
|
1999
|
United States
|
United States
|
0?0
(
a.e.t.
)
(5?4
p
)
Rose Bowl
,
Pasadena
|
China
|
Brazil
|
0?0
[n 1]
(5?4
p
)
Rose Bowl, Pasadena
|
Norway
|
16
|
4
|
2003
[n 2]
|
United States
|
Germany
|
2?1
(
a.e.t.
)
Home Depot Center
,
Carson
|
Sweden
|
United States
|
3?1
Home Depot Center, Carson
|
Canada
|
16
|
5
|
2007
|
China
|
Germany
|
2?0
Hongkou Stadium
,
Shanghai
|
Brazil
|
United States
|
4?1
Hongkou Stadium, Shanghai
|
Norway
|
16
|
6
|
2011
|
Germany
|
Japan
|
2?2
(
a.e.t.
)
(3?1
p
)
Commerzbank-Arena
,
Frankfurt
|
United States
|
Sweden
|
2?1
Rhein-Neckar-Arena
,
Sinsheim
|
France
|
16
|
7
|
2015
|
Canada
|
United States
|
5?2
BC Place
,
Vancouver
|
Japan
|
England
|
1?0
(
a.e.t.
)
Commonwealth Stadium
,
Edmonton
|
Germany
|
24
|
8
|
2019
|
France
|
United States
|
2?0
Parc Olympique Lyonnais
,
Lyon
|
Netherlands
|
Sweden
|
2?1
Allianz Riviera
,
Nice
|
England
|
24
|
9
|
2023
|
Australia
New Zealand
|
Spain
|
1?0
Stadium Australia
,
Sydney
|
England
|
Sweden
|
2?0
Lang Park
,
Brisbane
|
Australia
|
32
|
10
|
2027
|
Brazil
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
32
|
- Notes
- ^
No
extra time
was played.
[26]
- ^
The 2003 FIFA Women's World Cup was held in the United States following a
SARS
outbreak
in China, where it was initially planned to be held.
In total, 44 nations have
played in at least one Women's World Cup
. Of those, five nations have won the World Cup. With four titles, the United States is the most successful Women's World Cup team; it is one of only seven nations to
play in every World Cup
. They have also had the most top-four finishes (8), medals (8), as well as final appearances (5), including the longest streak of three consecutive finals in
2011
,
2015
, and
2019
.
Teams reaching the top four
[
edit
]
Teams reaching the semi-finals
Team
|
Title(s)
|
Runners-up
|
Third place
|
Fourth place
|
Top 4
total
|
United States
|
4 (
1991
,
1999
*
,
2015
,
2019
)
|
1 (
2011
)
|
3 (
1995
,
2003
*
,
2007
)
|
|
8
|
Germany
|
2 (
2003
,
2007
)
|
1 (
1995
)
|
|
2 (
1991
,
2015
)
|
5
|
Norway
|
1 (
1995
)
|
1 (
1991
)
|
|
2 (
1999
,
2007
)
|
4
|
Japan
|
1 (
2011
)
|
1 (
2015
)
|
|
|
2
|
Spain
|
1 (
2023
)
|
|
|
|
1
|
Sweden
|
|
1 (
2003
)
|
4 (
1991
,
2011
,
2019
,
2023
)
|
|
5
|
England
|
|
1 (
2023
)
|
1 (
2015
)
|
1 (
2019
)
|
3
|
Brazil
|
|
1 (
2007
)
|
1 (
1999
)
|
|
2
|
China
|
|
1 (
1999
)
|
|
1 (
1995
)
|
2
|
Netherlands
|
|
1 (
2019
)
|
|
|
1
|
Canada
|
|
|
|
1 (
2003
)
|
1
|
France
|
|
|
|
1 (
2011
)
|
1
|
Australia
|
|
|
|
1 (
2023*
)
|
1
|
*
host nation
Best performance by confederations
[
edit
]
As of 2023
[update]
, four of the six FIFA confederations have made it to a Women's World Cup final, the only exceptions being
CAF
(Africa) and the
OFC
(Oceania).
CONMEBOL
is the only confederation to have made a World Cup final without winning, following
Brazil
's defeat in the
2007 final
. The farthest advancing African team was
Nigeria
, who were eliminated in the quarter-finals in 1999. Oceania has sent two teams,
Australia
and
New Zealand
, to the World Cup, but Australia did not advance from the group stage until after
the country's football association
moved to the
Asian Football Confederation
, and New Zealand (which remains in the OFC) has never advanced to the knockout rounds.
The United States and Norway are the only teams to have won a tournament hosted by their own confederations, with the U.S. winning in 1999 (at home) and 2015 (in Canada), and Norway in 1995 (in Sweden).
Total times teams qualified by confederation
Confederation
|
AFC
|
CAF
|
CONCACAF
|
CONMEBOL
|
OFC
|
UEFA
|
Champions
|
1
|
0
|
4
|
0
|
0
|
4
|
Runners-up
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
Third place
|
0
|
0
|
3
|
1
|
0
|
5
|
Fourth place
|
2
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
Finalists
|
3
|
0
|
5
|
1
|
0
|
9
|
Semi-finalists
|
5
|
0
|
9
|
2
|
0
|
20
|
Quarter-finalists
|
16
|
1
|
10
|
5
|
0
|
40
|
Top 16 (since 2015)
|
9
|
6
|
6
|
4
|
0
|
23
|
Qualifiers
|
35
|
20
|
26
|
18
|
9
|
60
|
Broadcasting and revenue
[
edit
]
As of 2017
[update]
, the
2015 FIFA Women's World Cup Final
was the most watched soccer match in American history with nearly 23 million viewers,
[27]
more than the
2015 NBA Finals
and
Stanley Cup
.
[28]
It was also the most watched Spanish-language broadcast in tournament history.
[27]
More than 750 million viewers were reported to have watched the tournament worldwide.
[29]
The 2015 Women's World Cup generated almost $73 million.
[30]
By comparison, that equates to 1% of the revenue generated by the
2018 men's tournament
of $6.1 billion.
[31]
[32]
In 2023, FIFA separated broadcast rights for the Women's World Cup from the men's tournament for the first time, and president
Gianni Infantino
suggested in May 2023 that the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup might not be broadcast in the "Big 5" European countries due to disappointing offers.
[33]
[34]
As of 3 June 2023
[update]
, FIFA had yet to reach broadcast agreements in Spain, Germany, Italy, France, Japan, or the United Kingdom, with German broadcasters
ZDF
and
ARD
bidding 3% as much for the Women's World Cup as the
2022 men's World Cup
, French and Spanish broadcasters less than 5%, and Italian broadcasters less than 1%.
[34]
Records and statistics
[
edit
]
Boldface
indicates a player still playing.
Top goalscorers
[
edit
]
- Individual
- Country
Awards
[
edit
]
At the end of each World Cup, awards are presented to select players and teams for accomplishments other than their final team positions in the tournament.
- There are currently five post-tournament awards from the FIFA Technical Study Group:
[35]
- The
Golden Ball
(currently commercially termed "
adidas
Golden Ball") for the best overall player of the tournament (first awarded in
1991
);
- The
Golden Boot
(currently commercially termed "Adidas Golden Boot", formerly known as the
Golden Shoe
) for the top goalscorer of the tournament (first awarded in
1991
);
- The
Golden Glove
(currently commercially termed "Adidas Golden Glove", formerly known as the
Best Goalkeeper
) for the best goalkeeper of the tournament (first awarded in
2003
);
- The
FIFA Young Player Award
for the best player of the tournament under 21 years of age at the start of the calendar year (first awarded in
2011
);
- The
FIFA Fair Play Trophy
for the team with the best record of fair play during the tournament (first awarded in
1991
).
- There is currently one award voted on by fans during the tournament:
- The
Player of the Match
(currently commercially termed "
VISA
Player of the Match") for outstanding performance by a player during each match of the tournament (first awarded in
2003
).
- There is currently one award voted on by fans after the conclusion of the tournament:
- The
Goal of the Tournament
(currently commercially termed "
Hyundai
Goal of the Tournament") for the fans' best goal scored during the tournament (first awarded in
2007
).
- The following five awards are no longer given:
- The
All-Star Squad
for the best squad of players of the tournament (chosen by the technical study group, awarded from
1999
to
2015
);
- The
Most Entertaining Team
for the team that entertained the fans the most during the tournament (voted on by fans after the conclusion of the tournament, awarded in
2003
and
2007
);
- The
FANtasy All-Star Team
for the fans' best eleven-player line-up of the tournament (voted on by fans after the conclusion of the tournament, awarded in
2003
);
- The
Dream Team
for the fans' best manager and eleven-player line-up of the tournament (voted on by fans after the conclusion of the tournament, awarded in
2015
);
- The
Players Who Dared to Shine
for ten key players of the tournament who "dared to shine" (chosen by the technical study group, awarded in
2019
).
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"World Champions: USA Wins 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup"
. U.S. Soccer. 5 July 2004. Archived from
the original
on 6 July 2015
. Retrieved
27 June
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
"Regulations FIFA Women's World Cup Canada 2015"
(PDF)
.
FIFA.com
. Federation Internationale de Football Association. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 9 December 2014
. Retrieved
12 June
2015
.
- ^
Garin, Erik (26 February 2015).
"Coppa del Mondo (Women) 1970"
.
RSSSF
.
Archived
from the original on 28 July 2022
. Retrieved
14 May
2019
.
- ^
Wilson, Bill (7 December 2018).
"Mexico 1971: When women's football hit the big time"
.
BBC
.
Archived
from the original on 7 December 2018
. Retrieved
14 May
2019
.
- ^
Garin, Eric (29 February 2004).
"Mundial (Women) 1971"
.
RSSSF
.
Archived
from the original on 28 July 2022
. Retrieved
14 May
2019
.
- ^
Kessel, Anna (5 June 2015).
"Women's World Cup: from unofficial tournaments to record-breaking event"
.
The Guardian
.
Archived
from the original on 5 June 2015
. Retrieved
14 May
2019
.
- ^
Garin, Erik (11 April 2019).
"Mundialito (Women) 1981?1988"
.
RSSSF
.
Archived
from the original on 3 August 2022
. Retrieved
14 May
2019
.
- ^
"Foundation of Asian brilliance"
. AFC. 15 February 2018.
Archived
from the original on 3 July 2019
. Retrieved
21 May
2019
.
- ^
"Ellen Wille, mother of Norwegian women's football"
. FIFA. 30 June 2011. Archived from
the original
on 8 June 2019
. Retrieved
21 May
2019
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- ^
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