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Eopteranodon

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Eopteranodon
Holotype specimen
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Order: † Pterosauria
Suborder: † Pterodactyloidea
Family: † Tapejaridae
Subfamily: † Sinopterinae
Genus: † Eopteranodon
Lu & Zhang, 2005
Type species
† Eopteranodon lii
Lu & Zhang, 2005
Other species
  • Eopteranodon yixianensis
    Zhang et al. , 2023 [1]

Eopteranodon (meaning "dawn Pteranodon (toothless wing)") is a genus of tapejarid pterosaur from the Aptian -age Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City , Liaoning , China. The genus was named in 2005 by paleontologists Lu Junchang and Zhang Xingliao . The type species is Eopteranodon lii .

Description [ edit ]

Details of the holotype

Eopteranodon is based on the type specimen or holotype BPV-078, an incomplete skeleton and skull. Its skull, including a large crest, was toothless and similar to that of Pteranodon . The skull lacks the point of the snout but it was in life less than 200 millimeters long (7.9 inches), and the animal had a wingspan of about 1.1 meters (3.6 feet). A second specimen, D2526, described in 2006, had a larger wingspan. [2]

Classification [ edit ]

Despite its similarities to Pteranodon , Eopteranodon was not placed into a family by its describers, who put it into the clade Pteranodontia as incertae sedis (uncertain position). [2] Shortly thereafter, a phylogenetic study of all known Yixian pterosaurs by the same scientists found it to be close to the azhdarchoids, noted for the crested genera Tapejara and Tupuxuara , and the giant, long-necked Quetzalcoatlus . [3] A further analysis of other recently discovered forms, in 2006 still considered basal to (having split off earlier than) azhdarchoids, helped the original authors, along with David Unwin , to place these species together with Eopteranodon in a new clade Chaoyangopteridae , the possible sister group of the Azhdarchidae . [4]

However, in 2014, in an analysis by Brian Andres and colleagues, Eopteranodon was recovered as a basal member of the clade Tapejaromorpha , closely related to the species " Sinopterus " gui and Nemicolopterus crypticus . Their cladogram is shown on the left. [5] Later, in 2017, in another phylogenetic analysis, Eopteranodon was considered a member of the family Tapejaridae based on proportions of the crest on the lower jaw and the limbs. [6] This concept has been followed by several studies in 2019, including the one by Borja Holgado and colleagues, [7] and the one by Alexander Kellner and colleagues. The cladogram on the right is based on the topology made by Kellner and colleagues. [8]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Zhang, X.; Jiang, S.; Kellner, A. W. A.; Cheng, X.; Costa, F. R.; Wang, X. (2023). "A new species of Eopteranodon (Pterodactyloidea, Tapejaridae) from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of China". Cretaceous Research . 105573. doi : 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105573 .
  2. ^ a b Lu, J.C.; B.K. Zhang (2005). "New pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning". Geological Review . 51 (4): 458?462.
  3. ^ Lu, Junchang; Qiang Ji (2006). "Preliminary results of a phylogenetic analysis of the pterosaurs from western Liaoning and surrounding area" (PDF) . Journal of the Paleontological Society of Korea . 22 (1): 239?261 . Retrieved 2007-03-10 .
  4. ^ Lu, J., Unwin, D.M., Xu, L., and Zhang, X. (2008). "A new azhdarchoid pterosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of China and its implications for pterosaur phylogeny and evolution." Naturwissenschaften
  5. ^ Andres, B.; Clark, J.; Xu, X. (2014). "The earliest pterodactyloid and the origin of the group" . Current Biology . 24 (9): 1011?6. doi : 10.1016/j.cub.2014.03.030 . PMID   24768054 .
  6. ^ Wu, W.-H.; Zhou, C.-F.; Andres, B. (2017). "The toothless pterosaur Jidapterus edentus (Pterodactyloidea: Azhdarchoidea) from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota and its paleoecological implications" . PLOS ONE . 12 (9): e0185486. Bibcode : 2017PLoSO..1285486W . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0185486 . PMC   5614613 . PMID   28950013 .
  7. ^ Borja Holgado, Rodrigo V. Pegas, Jose Ignacio Canudo, Josep Fortuny, Taissa Rodrigues, Julio Company & Alexander W.A. Kellner, 2019, "On a new crested pterodactyloid from the Early Cretaceous of the Iberian Peninsula and the radiation of the clade Anhangueria", Scientific Reports 9 : 4940 doi : 10.1038/s41598-019-41280-4
  8. ^ Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Weinschutz, Luiz C.; Holgado, Borja; Bantim, Renan A. M.; Sayao, Juliana M. (19 August 2019). "A new toothless pterosaur (Pterodactyloidea) from Southern Brazil with insights into the paleoecology of a Cretaceous desert" . Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias . 91 (suppl 2): e20190768. doi : 10.1590/0001-3765201920190768 . ISSN   0001-3765 . PMID   31432888 .

External links [ edit ]

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