Emperor K?rei

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Emperor K?rei
孝?天皇
Emperor of Japan
Reign 290 BC ? 215 BC (traditional) [1]
Predecessor K?an
Successor K?gen
Born 342 BC [2]
Died 215 BC (aged 127)
Burial
Kataoka no Umasaka no misasagi ( 片丘馬坂陵 ) (?ji)
Spouse Kuwashi-hime
Issue
among others...
Posthumous name
Chinese-style shig? :
Emperor K?rei ( 孝?天皇 )

Japanese-style shig? :
?-yamato-nekohiko-futoni no Sumeramikoto ( 大日本根子彦太瓊天皇 )
House Imperial House of Japan
Father Emperor K?an
Mother Oshihime  [ ja ]
Religion Shinto

Emperor K?rei ( 孝?天皇 , K?rei-tenn? ) , also known as ?yamatonekohikofutoni no Mikoto ( 大倭根子日子賦斗邇命 ) was the seventh legendary emperor of Japan , according to the traditional order of succession . [3] [4] Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. K?rei is known as a "legendary emperor" among historians as his actual existence is disputed. Nothing exists in the Kojiki other than his name and genealogy. K?rei's reign allegedly began in 290 BC. He had one wife and three consorts with whom he fathered seven children. After his death in 215 BC, one of his sons supposedly became the next emperor . [5] [6] K?rei is traditionally accepted as the first emperor of the Yayoi period , which is named after the Yayoi people who migrated to the Japanese archipelago from mainland Asia .

Legendary narrative [ edit ]

In the Kojiki and Nihon Shoki , only his name and genealogy were recorded. The Japanese have traditionally accepted this sovereign's historical existence, and an Imperial misasagi or tomb for K?rei is currently maintained; however, no extant contemporary records have been discovered that confirm a view that this historical figure actually reigned. K?rei was born in 342 BC and is believed to be the eldest son of Emperor K?an . [2] His mother is believed to have been Oshihime, who was the daughter of Ametarashihiko-Kunio-shihito-no-mikoto. [7] K?rei's pre-ascension name was Prince O-Yamato-Neko Hiko-futo-ni no Mikoto , and the Kojiki records that he ruled from the palace of Kuroda-noi-odo-no-miya ( ?田廬?宮 ) at Kuroda in what would come to be known as Yamato Province . [4] [6] It is noted in the Kojiki that sometime during K?rei's reign, Kibi was conquered by the emperor. [8] K?rei was the first emperor since Jimmu to take on consorts, and fathered seven children with them along with his chief wife Empress: Kuwashi-hime. K?rei is recorded as having a long life, reigning from 290 BC until his death in 215 BC. His eldest son was then subsequently enthroned as the next emperor .

Known information [ edit ]

The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study. [9] K?rei is thus regarded by historians as a "legendary Emperor", and is considered to have been the sixth of eight Emperors without specific legends associated with them . [a] The name K?rei -tenn? was assigned to him posthumously by later generations. [11] His name might have been regularized centuries after the lifetime ascribed to K?rei, possibly during the time in which legends about the origins of the Yamato dynasty were compiled as the chronicles known today as the Kojiki . [10] As with Emperor K?an , K?rei's exceptional age of 127 is considered unlikely due to verification issues among other things. While the actual site of K?rei's grave is not known, the Emperor is traditionally venerated at a memorial Shinto shrine ( misasagi ) in ?ji . The Imperial Household Agency designates this location as K?rei's mausoleum , and its formal name is Kataoka no Umasaka no misasagi . [3] [5]

Like Emperor K?sh? , there is a possibility that "K?rei" could have lived instead in the 1st century (AD). Historian Louis Frederic notes this idea in his book Japan Encyclopedia where he says it is "very likely", but this remains disputed among other researchers. [6] [12] The first emperor that historians state might have actually existed is Emperor Sujin , the 10th emperor of Japan. [13] Outside of the Kojiki, the reign of Emperor Kinmei [b] ( c.  509  ? 571 AD) is the first for which contemporary historiography is able to assign verifiable dates. [16] The conventionally accepted names and dates of the early Emperors were not confirmed as "traditional" though, until the reign of Emperor Kanmu [c] between 737 and 806 AD. [10]

Consorts and children [ edit ]

  • Empress: Kuwashi-hime ( 細媛命 ) , Shiki no Agatanushi Oome's daughter
    • Son: Prince ?yamatonekohikokunikuru ( 大日本根子彦?牽尊 ) , later Emperor K?gen
  • Consort: Kasuga no Chichihayamawaka-hime ( 春日之千千速?若比? )
    • Daughter: Princess Chichihaya-hime ( 千千速比?命 )
  • Consort: Yamato no Kunika-hime ( 倭?香媛 ) , Wachitsumi's daughter
  • Consort: Haeirodo ( ?某弟 ) , Yamato no Kunikahime's sister
  • Consort: Mashita-hime (?舌媛), Toshihiko Ohihiko's daughter

Family tree [ edit ]

Genealogy of early Japanese emperors and empresses
Nunakawahime [17] ?kuninushi [18] [19] : 278 
(?namuchi) [20] 		Kamotaketsunumi no Mikoto [21]
Kotoshironushi [22] [23] Tamakushi-hime [21] Takeminakata [24] [25] Susa Clan [26]
1 Jimmu [27] 1 Himetataraisuzu-hime [27] Kamo no Okimi [22] [28] Mirahime  [ ja ]
2 Suizei [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] [34] 2 Isuzuyori-hime [32] [33] [34] [28] [35] Kamuyaimimi [29] [30] [31]
3 Annei [36] [22] [32] [33] [34] 〔 ? clan [37] [38] 〕 〔 Aso clan [39] 〕 3 Nunasokonakatsu-hime [40] [22] Kamo clan
Takakuraji Miwa clan
4 Itoku [36] [22] Ikisomimi no mikoto  [ ja ] [36] Ame no Murakumo  [ ja ]
4 Amatoyotsuhime no Mikoto  [ ja ] [36] Amaoshio no mikoto  [ ja ]
5 Emperor K?sh? [36] [22] [41] 5 Yosotarashi-hime [22] Okitsu Yoso  [ ja ]
6 Emperor K?an [22] Prince Ameoshitarashi  [ ja ] [41] Owari clan
6 Oshihime  [ ja ] [22] [41] 〔 Wani clan 〕 [42]
7 Emperor K?rei [43] [22] [41] [44] 7 Kuwashi-hime [44]
8 Emperor K?gen [45] [44] 8 Utsushikome  [ ja ] [45] Princess Yamato Totohi Momoso [43] Kibitsuhiko-no-mikoto [46] Wakatakehiko  [ ja ]
9 Ikagashikome [d] [48] [49]
Hikofutsuoshi no Makoto no Mikoto  [ ja ] [49] 9 Emperor Kaika [45] Prince Ohiko  [ ja ] [50] 〔 Kibi clan 〕
Yanushi Otake Ogokoro no Mikoto  [ ja ] [49] 10 Emperor Sujin [51] [52] 10 Mimaki-hime [53] 〔 Abe clan 〕 [50]
Takenouchi no Sukune [49] 11 Emperor Suinin [54] [55] 11 Saho-hime [56] 12 Hibasu-hime  [ ja ] [57] Yasaka Iribiko [58] [59] [60] Toyosukiiri-hime  [ ja ] [61] Nunaki-iri-hime  [ ja ] [43]
Yamatohime-no-mikoto [62]
〔 Katsuragi clan 〕 13 Harima no Inabi no ?iratsume  [ ja ] 12 Emperor Keiko [55] [57] 14 Yasakairi-hime  [ ja ] [58] [59] [60]
Otoyo no mikoto  [ ja ]
Futaji Irihime  [ ja ] [63] Yamato Takeru [64] [65] Miyazu-hime Takeinadane  [ ja ] Ioki Iribiko 13 Emperor Seimu [64] [65]
14 Emperor Ch?ai [64] [65] [66] 15 Empress Jing? [67] Homuda
Mawaka
15 Emperor ?jin [67] 16 Nakatsuhime [68] [69] [70]
16 Emperor Nintoku [71]


See also [ edit ]

Notes [ edit ]

  1. ^ Also known as the "eight undocumented monarchs" ( 欠史八代 , Kesshi-hachidai ) . [10]
  2. ^ The 29th Emperor [14] [15]
  3. ^ Kanmu was the 50th sovereign of the Yamato dynasty
  4. ^ There are two ways this name is transcribed: "Ika-gashiko-me" is used by Tsutomu Ujiya , while "Ika-shiko-me" is used by William George Aston . [47]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ "Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan" (PDF) . Kunaicho.go.jp . Archived from the original (PDF) on March 22, 2011 . Retrieved May 8, 2019 .
  2. ^ a b Kenneth Henshall (2013). Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945 . Scarecrow Press. p. 487. ISBN   9780810878723 .
  3. ^ a b "孝?天皇 (7)" . Imperial Household Agency (Kunaich?) (in Japanese) . Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  4. ^ a b Brown, Delmer M. and Ichir? Ishida (1979). A Translation and Study of the Gukansh?, an Interpretative History of Japan Written in 1219 . University of California Press. p. 248 & 252. ISBN   9780520034600 .
  5. ^ a b Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan . Ponsonby Memorial Society. p. 30 & 418.
  6. ^ a b c Nussbaum, Louis-Frederic (2002). Japan Encyclopedia . Harvard University Press. p. 561. ISBN   9780674017535 .
  7. ^ Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinn? Sh?t?ki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns . Columbia University Press. p. 90. ISBN   9780231049405 .
  8. ^ Chamberlain, Basil . The Kojiki . Read before the Asiatic Society of Japan on April 12, May 10, and June 21, 1882, reprinted in 1919. p. 196.
  9. ^ Kelly, Charles F. "Kofun Culture" . www.t-net.ne.jp . Retrieved May 15, 2019 .
  10. ^ a b c Aston, William George. (1896). Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697, Volume 2 . The Japan Society London. pp. 111, 146?147. ISBN   9780524053478 .
  11. ^ Brinkley, Frank (1915). A History of the Japanese People from the Earliest Times to the end of the Meiji Era . Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. p.  21 . Posthumous names for the earthly Mikados were invented in the reign of Emperor Kanmu (782?805), i.e., after the date of the compilation of the Records and the Chronicles.
  12. ^ Miller, R. A. (2003). " Journal of Asian History ". Journal of Asian History . 37 (2): 212?214. JSTOR   41933346 . Review of Japan Encyclopedia
  13. ^ Yoshida, Reiji. (March 27, 2007). "Life in the Cloudy Imperial Fishbowl" . The Japan Times Online . Japan Times . Retrieved May 16, 2019 .
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  16. ^ Hoye, Timothy. (1999). Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds . Prentice Hall. p. 78. ISBN   9780132712897 . According to legend, the first Japanese Emperor was Jimmu. Along with the next 13 Emperors, Jimmu is not considered an actual, historical figure. Historically verifiable Emperors of Japan date from the early sixth century with Kimmei.
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  22. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinn? Sh?t?ki: A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns . Columbia University Press. p. 89. ISBN   9780231049405 .
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  35. ^ 『??　?代天皇紀』p42-43「綏靖天皇」
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Further reading [ edit ]

Regnal titles
Preceded by Legendary Emperor of Japan
290 BC ? 215 BC
(traditional dates) 		Succeeded by
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