Department of the Ministry of Interior of Egypt.
Law enforcement agency
Egyptian National Police
?????? ??????? ???????
elshorta elwatnia elmasriya
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Egyptian Police logo
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Egyptian Police flag
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Abbreviation
| ENP/EGP
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Motto
| Police in the service of the people (
Arabic
:
?????? ?? ???? ?????
,
el shorta fe khdmat el alshab
)
Police of the people (
Arabic
:
???? ?????
,
shortat alsha'b
)
Counter-terrorism and hostage rescue
Combat all types of crimes
Maintaining public health
Achieve the tranquility of the citizen
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Formed
| 1878 (
126 years)
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Employees
| 380,000
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National agency
| Egypt
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Operations jurisdiction
| Egypt
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Size
| 1,011,000
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Population
| 108,518,000
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Governing body
| Ministry of Interior (Egypt)
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General nature
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Overseen by
| Government of Egypt
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Headquarters
| Cairo
,
Egypt
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Agency executive
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Helicopters
| Mil Mi-17
Aerospatiale Gazelle
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www
.moiegypt
.gov
.eg
|
Egyptian National Police
or
ENP
is a department of the
Ministry of Interior
of
Egypt
.
National organization
[
edit
]
The
Ministry of Interior
divides the functions of the police and public security among four Deputy Ministers of Interior while the Minister of Interior himself retained responsibility for
state security
(Qitaa' al-amn al-watani),
[1]
investigations and overall organization.
There are four Deputy Ministers:
- Public Security
responsible for
public safety
(inc.
Municipal Police
), travel,
Immigration
,
passports
,
port security
, and
criminal investigation
.
- Special Police
responsible for prison administration, the
Central Security Forces
,
civil defense
, police transport, police communications,
traffic
police
, and Tourism and Antiquities Police.
- Personnel Affairs was responsible for police-training institutions, personnel matters for police and civilian employees, and the Policemen's Sports Association.
- Administrative and Financial Affairs responsible for general administration, budgets, supplies, and legal matters.
Regional organization
[
edit
]
In each of the 27
Governorates of Egypt
(sing.
muhafazah
; pl.,
muhafazat
), the presidentially appointed
governor
and a director of police command all police and maintain public order. Both the governor and the director of police report to the Ministry of Interior on all security matters. The governor reports directly to the minister or to a deputy while the director of police reports through regular police channels. In the governorate's
subdivisions
there are district police commandants with the authority and functions that were similar to the director at the governorate level.
The urban police have more modern facilities and equipment, such as computers and communications equipment, while the smaller more remote village police have less sophisticated facilities and equipment. The police became increasingly motorized and it is now rare to see an officer on foot patrol except in city or town centers, and then rarely alone. An increasing number of urban centers police
bicycle
units are used to provide a quick response in congested areas, pedestrianized areas and parkland, as well as carrying out
patrols
.
Training
[
edit
]
All of the commissioned officers were graduates of the Police Academy at Cairo where after high school, they had to complete four years at the academy, or after College degree, completing a period of 12 to 18 months. The Police Academy is a modern institution equipped with laboratory and physical-training facilities. The police force also sent some officers abroad for schooling.
The Police Academy offers a four-year program which includes: security administration,
criminal investigation
,
military drills
, civil defense,
fire fighting
,
forensic medicine
, communications,
cryptology
,
first aid
,
sociology
,
anatomy
, and foreign languages (
French
and
English
). Also included are: political orientation,
public relations
, and military subjects (such as infantry and cavalry training),
marksmanship
, leadership, and field exercises. Graduates receive a
bachelor
of police studies degree and are commissioned
lieutenants
, while those who held degrees from other colleges are commissioned as first lieutenants.
Advanced officer training was given at the academy's Institute for Advanced Police Studies, completion of which was required for advancement beyond the rank of
lieutenant colonel
. The academy's three-month course for enlisted personnel is conducted in a military atmosphere but emphasizes police methods and techniques.
Some police officers, especially the special operations officers, are well trained by the
Egyptian Armed Forces
in Al-Sa'ka Military School.
Uniforms and equipment
[
edit
]
Ranks
[
edit
]
Egyptian police rank insignia are the same as those used by the Egyptian Army. Commissioned police ranks resemble
those of the Egyptian Army
. The highest-ranking Egyptian police officer is a
Lieutenant General
and officer ranks descend only to first lieutenant. Enlisted police ranks include
master sergeant
,
sergeant
,
corporal
, and
private
.
Officers' ranks
[
edit
]
Police uniforms
[
edit
]
Egyptian police uniforms are similar to the Egyptian Army's service uniform for the ground forces, which is
khaki drill
cotton. However, enlisted police personnel wear a black wool
bush jacket
and trousers in the winter and a white cotton bush jacket and trousers in the summer. Certain police personnel also wear a blue or black
beret
.
Equipment
[
edit
]
Egyptian law enforcement police officers generally carry either the
M&P357
,
CZ 75B
or
Glock pistol
when on regular duty, however, heavy arms are always available at police stations. These include
submachine guns
,
assault rifles
,
shotguns
and
carbines
, while special units may also have additional weapons like
Flash bang
and stinger
tear gas
grenades,
H&K USP
series and
SIG Sauer
series
pistols
,
Heckler & Koch MP5
,
Heckler & Koch UMP
and
FN P90
submachine guns,
M14 rifle
, the
Remington 700P
and some
.50 caliber
sniper rifles.
[2]
[
citation needed
]
The Tourism and Antiquities Police cover tourist destinations like historical sites, museums, hotels, etc. Places such as the
Great Pyramid
of
Giza
,
Memphis
Giza
,
Egyptian Museum
, etc. in
Cairo
,
Alexandria
?
Qaitbay
Citadel and the
Serapium
Temple and
Pompey's Pillar
, etc., going through all cities in Egypt carrying same weapons as law enforcement police.
[
citation needed
]
Transport
[
edit
]
Unlike in many other countries, the Egyptian police extensively use
SUVs
. The Egyptian produced
Jeep
vehicle used to be the most common police car in Egypt but in recent years, other similar vehicles have also come into police use. SUVs are known for their capabilities to move around in any sort of terrain. Depending upon the location, the police vehicles may have individual revolving lights (
strobe lights
) or
light bars
,
sirens
etc. An extensive modernisation drive has ensured that these vehicles are equipped with wireless sets in communication with a central control room. Traffic Police vehicles generally also have equipment like speed
radars
, breath analysers and emergency
first aid kits
. Color schemes of police vehicles vary according to their location and which directorate they belong to.
For traffic regulation and patrolling in cities,
motorcycles
are also used. This is because of increasing congestion in cities where the heavier bikes would prove to be unwieldy when compared to the nimbler handling the newer bikes were capable of. The bikes are provided with two-way radios, strobes and sirens and are generally painted white. Some cities make use of
sedans
as patrol vehicles or high speed 'interceptors' on highways. Of late, the various police forces are on a modernisation drive, upgrading and revamping their fleet with new vehicles.
Relations with public
[
edit
]
The police in Egypt lost some prestige during the
2011 Revolution
. According to one source (csmonitor.org), the Egyptian police, "once feared by civilians, are now seen as leftover elements of Mubarak's regime and treated with little respect. Pulled off the streets after violently cracking down on protests in January, they are now trying to reshape their role in the post-Mubarak Egypt."
[3]
Police brutality
is credited with being one of the causes of the revolution,
[4]
and as of June 2011 several police officers are being tried for the killing of "hundreds of demonstrators" during the revolution. According to government statistics, 90 police stations have been burnt since the start of the revolution.
[3]
The government has taken steps to address public concerns and police demoralization.
[3]
In response to a planned July 8 rally protesting the release on bail of police accused of murdering protesters during the revolution, interim interior minister
Mansour el-Essawy
promised to purge up to 700 corrupt senior police officers. However protesters complained that five months after the revolution where almost 1000 people were killed, only one officer has been convicted of wrongdoing and he has not yet been incarcerated.
[5]
July 2013 coup d'etat
[
edit
]
Mass demonstrations took place for and against President
Mohamed Morsi
on 30 June 2013, marking the one-year anniversary of Mohamed Morsi's inauguration. The police, along with the military, had made it clear that they were with anti-government protestors by carrying out a
coup d'etat
on 3 July.
Sit-in dispersals
[
edit
]
The
August 2013 Rabaa massacre
by police to remove pro-government protesters from sit-ins being held in
Rabaa Al-Adawiya
and Al-Nahda Square in support of President
Mohamed Morsi
resulted in rapidly escalating violence that eventually led to the death of over 900 people, with at least 3,994 injured.
[6]
The police attempted to defend their actions by claiming to disperse the sit-ins with the least possible damage.
[7]
Treatment of women
[
edit
]
According to writer
Ahdaf Soueif
, since 2005 the police have routinely grabbed women protesters and torn "their clothes off and beat them, groping them at the same time. The idea was to insinuate that females who took part in street protests wanted to be groped." To protect against this, many female protesters wear "layers of light clothing, no buttons,
drawstring pants
double-knotted".
[8]
Gallery
[
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]
See also
[
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]
References
[
edit
]
Sources
[
edit
]
- World Police Encyclopedia
, ed. by Dilip K. Das and Michael Palmiotto published by Taylor & Francis, 2004.
- World Encyclopedia of Police Forces and Correctional Systems
, second edition, 2006 by Gale.
- Sullivan, Larry E.
Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement
. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2005.
- LOC Egypt County Study page
External links
[
edit
]
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