English title of nobility
Earl of Plymouth
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![Arms of the Earl of Plymouth](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Earl_of_Plymouth_COA.svg/180px-Earl_of_Plymouth_COA.svg.png) Arms of Windsor-Clive: Quarterly: 1st & 4th, Argent, on a Fess Sable, three Mullets Or (Clive); 2nd & 3rd, Gules, a Saltire Argent, between twelve Crosses-Crosslet Or (Windsor).
Crests:
1st: a Griffin statant Argent, ducally gorged Gules (Clive). 2nd: a Stag's Head affrontee, couped at the neck Argent, attired Or (Windsor).
Supporters:
On either side a Unicorn Argent, armed, maned, tufted and unguled Or.
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Creation date
| 18 December 1905 (3rd creation)
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Creation
| Third
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Created by
| King Edward VII
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Peerage
| Peerage of the United Kingdom
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First holder
| Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
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Present holder
| Ivor Windsor-Clive, 4th Earl of Plymouth
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Heir apparent
| Robert Windsor-Clive, Viscount Windsor
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Remainder to
| the 1st Earl's
heirs male of the body
lawfully begotten
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Subsidiary titles
| Viscount Windsor
Baron Windsor
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Status
| Extant
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Motto
| JE ME FIE EN DIEU
(I trust in God)
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Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
Earl of Plymouth
is a title that has been created three times: twice in the
Peerage of England
and once in the
Peerage of the United Kingdom
.
History
[
edit
]
Windsor-Clive family plot in the cemetery of St Bartholomew's church,
Tardebigge
, Worcestershire. Robert, 1st Earl of Plymouth (1857?1923), and his family are buried here.
The
first creation
was in 1675 for
Charles FitzCharles
, one of the dozens of illegitimate children of
King Charles II
and one of a few by his mistress
Catherine Pegge
. He died without heirs in 1680, and the title became extinct.
The
second creation
came in 1682 in favour of Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 7th Baron Windsor. The family descends from Sir Andrew Windsor, who fought at the
Battle of the Spurs
in 1513, where he was knighted. In 1529 he was summoned to Parliament as
Baron Windsor
,
of
Stanwell
in the
County of Buckingham
. His grandson, Edward, the third Baron, fought at the
Battle of St Quentin
in 1557. Edward's elder son Frederick, the fourth Baron, died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry. The latter's son, Thomas, the sixth Baron, was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy. On Thomas's death in 1641, the barony fell into
abeyance
between his sisters.
The abeyance was terminated in 1660 in favour of his nephew, Thomas Hickman. He was the son of Elizabeth Windsor, and her husband Dixie Hickman, and assumed the additional surname of Windsor as 7th Baron. He notably served as
Governor of Jamaica
and as
Lord Lieutenant of Worcestershire
. In 1682, he was created
Earl of Plymouth
in the Peerage of England, a higher title of nobility. He was succeeded by his grandson Other, who notably served as
Lord Lieutenant of Cheshire
,
Denbigh
and
Flint
. His grandson and namesake, Other, the fourth Earl, was
Lord Lieutenant of Glamorganshire
.
On the death of fourth Earl's childless grandson, Other, the sixth Earl, in 1833, the barony and earldom separated. The barony fell into
abeyance
between his sisters Lady Maria Windsor, wife of
Arthur Hill, 3rd Marquess of Downshire
, and
Lady Harriet Windsor
, wife of
Robert Clive
, second son of
Edward Clive, 1st Earl of Powis
(see below for further history of the barony and
Earl of Powis
for earlier history of the Clive family). The sixth Earl was succeeded in the earldom by his uncle, Andrew, the seventh Earl. The seventh Earl died unmarried and was succeeded by his younger brother, Henry, the eighth Earl. The eighth Earl was childless and on his death in 1843 the earldom became extinct. The barony of Windsor remained in abeyance until 1855 when the abeyance was terminated in favour of Lady Harriet Windsor-(Clive)
[
clarification needed
]
, who became the thirteenth Baroness. The same year she re-assumed by Royal licence her maiden surname, as a first barrel of her name. Her eldest son
Robert Windsor-Clive
predeceased her and she was succeeded by her grandson, Robert, the fourteenth Baron, who was a prominent
Conservative
politician and held office as
Paymaster General
and
First Commissioner of Works
.
In 1905 the earldom of Plymouth was revived in the
third creation
when Robert was created
Viscount Windsor
,
of
St Fagans
in the
County of Glamorgan
, and
Earl of Plymouth
, in the
County of Devon
.
[1]
These titles were in the
Peerage of the United Kingdom
. The first Earl was succeeded by his second and only surviving son, Ivor, the second Earl, who was also a Conservative politician and served as
Captain of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms
,
Under-Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs
,
Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies
and
Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
. Ivor's eldest son, Other, the third Earl, succeeded in 1943 and died on 7 March 2018 when he was succeeded by his own son, Ivor, the present fourth Earl. As a male-line descendant of the first
Earl of Powis
in its present creation the Earl is a far heir-in-remainder to that peerage and its subsidiary titles.
Another member of the family was
Thomas Windsor
, younger son of
Thomas Hickman-Windsor, 1st Earl of Plymouth
, who was elevated to the new title
Viscount Windsor
in 1699. After the death of his son, the second Viscount, the title was extinct for 38 years from 1758. However his daughter and heiress, Charlotte Jane, married
John Stuart, 4th Earl of Bute
, and the title "of" Windsor was revived in 1796 (Earl of Windsor) as a (courtesy) style for the
Marquess of Bute
(the first subsidiary title is Earl of Dumfries since 1803 when this title, created in 1633, was inherited by the second Marquess).
The family seat was
Hewell Grange
,
Worcestershire
. Later residences are
Oakly Park
,
Bromfield
near
Ludlow
,
Shropshire
, and a house in
London W8
.
[2]
'Other' (pronounced ?ðer), a customary male forename for Earls of Plymouth, derives from medieval writings of earlier oral traditions regarding a
Saxon
ancestor 'Otho' or 'Othere' of the Hickman-Windsor family.
Earl of Plymouth, first creation (1675)
[
edit
]
Earl of Plymouth, second and third creations
[
edit
]
Baron Windsor (1529)
[
edit
]
Monument (now lost) to Henry Windsor, 5th Baron Windsor (1562?1605), St Bartholomew's Church, Tardebigge, Worcestershire
Earl of Plymouth (1682)
[
edit
]
Baron Windsor (1529; reverted)
[
edit
]
Earl of Plymouth (1905)
[
edit
]
Arms of
Robert Windsor-Clive, 1st Earl of Plymouth
(1857?1923)
Present peer
[
edit
]
Ivor Edward Other Windsor-Clive, 4th Earl of Plymouth (born 19 November 1951), is the eldest son of the 3rd Earl and his wife Caroline Helen Rice. He has a sister, Lady Emma (born 1954), and two brothers, Simon Percy (born 1956) and David Justin (born 1960). Known as Viscount Windsor from birth, he was educated at
Harrow School
and the
Royal Agricultural College, Cirencester
. In 1973 he was co-founder of the Centre for Modern Art and was its director until 1976. In 2003 he lived at 6 Oakley Street, Chelsea, London. On 7 March 2018 he succeeded his father to the peerages.
[4]
On 6 July 1979, as Lord Windsor, he married Caroline Anne Nettlefold, daughter of Frederick Nettleford and Juliana Eveline Curzon, a daughter of
Richard Curzon, 2nd Viscount Scarsdale
.
[4]
- Robert Other Ivor Windsor-Clive, Viscount Windsor (born 1981),
heir apparent
,
[4]
whose heir is his son Edward Other Ivor Llewellyn Windsor-Clive (born 2019)
- Frederick John Richard Windsor-Clive (born 1983)
[4]
- Lady India Windsor-Clive (born 1988)
[4]
- Edward James Archer Windsor-Clive (born 1994)
[4]
Title succession chart
[
edit
]
Title succession chart, Barons Windsor, Viscounts Windsor (both creations) and Earls of Plymouth (second and third creations).
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Seat and published probate wealth
[
edit
]
The second earl died, seized of
St Fagans Castle
, in 1943. His probate was sworn the next year at
£1,204,429
(equivalent to about £68,400,000 in 2023).
[5]
The castle went (by gift) to the National Museum of Wales, becoming one of its key sites from his wife's death in 1947 (leading to his
double probate
) whereby the total assets amounted to
£1,824,359
(equivalent to about £103,600,000 in 2023).
[5]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- Kidd, Charles & Williamson, David (editors).
Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage
(1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
[
page needed
]
External links
[
edit
]