EMD GP40-based passenger locomotives
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A GP40FH locomotive, one of many locomotives based on the
GP40
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Specifications
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Configuration:
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?
AAR
| B-B
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?
UIC
| Bo'Bo'
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? Commonwealth
| Bo-Bo
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Gauge
| 4 ft
8
+
1
⁄
2
in
(
1,435 mm
)
standard gauge
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Performance figures
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Maximum speed
| 77?105 mph (124?169 km/h)
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Power output
| 2,000?3,000
hp
(1,491?2,237
kW
)
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The passenger locomotives derivatives of the
General Motors
EMD GP40
diesel-electric
locomotive have been, and continue to be, used by multiple passenger railroads in North America. For passenger service, the locomotives required extra components for providing
steam
or
head-end power
(HEP) for heating, lighting and electricity in passenger cars. Most of these passenger locomotives were rebuilt from older freight locomotives, while some were built as brand new models.
GP40TC
The
GMD GP40TC
was built by
General Motors Diesel
(GMD), for
GO Transit
in
Toronto
. Eight units were manufactured between 1966 and 1968. They were built on an extended frame to accommodate a
head-end power
generator.
[1]
: 55
GO Transit sold the fleet to
Amtrak
in 1988,
[2]
: 106
where they were based in Chicago and used on short-haul trains.
In 2005, the
Norfolk Southern Railway
rebuilt all eight GP40TC locomotives at its
Juniata Shops
in
Altoona, Pennsylvania
.
[3]
[
better source needed
]
These are now classed as
GP38H-3
, and work as maintenance-of-way trains or standby power for
Downeaster
trains.
GP40P
Thirteen GP40Ps were built in October 1968 for the
Central Railroad of New Jersey
(CNJ) and paid for by the
New Jersey Department of Transportation
(NJDOT). The CNJ put the units in service on the
Raritan Valley Line
and the
North Jersey Coast Line
.
The CNJ's passenger operations were transferred to NJDOT in 1976 (with
Conrail
operating them under contract), and in 1983
New Jersey Transit
assumed operating passenger rail service in the state. Shortly after, the steam generator, which had occupied the flat end of the locomotive's
long hood
, was replaced with a diesel
HEP
generator
, and the units were reclassified as GP40PH. They would later be rebuilt as
GP40PH-2
units in 1991?92.
GP40P-2
Southern Pacific
ordered a
Dash-2
variant of the GP40P; only three of these were ever built. After the conclusion of passenger service, they were repurposed for freight use. All three units are still in service, with two being retained by the
Union Pacific Railroad
and the remaining one sold to the
Indiana Harbor Belt Railroad
.
GP40FH-2
In 1987,
New Jersey Transit
and
Metro-North
ordered a set of GP40 locomotives called GP40FH-2s, which were completed by
Morrison Knudsen
between 1987 and 1990. These locomotives combine the standard cab and frame of a GP40 with the cowl from an ex-
Burlington Northern
F45
locomotive. A total of 21 units of this type were built; 15 were delivered to New Jersey Transit, and the remaining six were for Metro-North.
As of late 2016, only the Metro-North units remain in service, rebuilt as GP40FH-2Ms. All NJT GP40FH-2 locomotives have been retired following the delivery of the
ALP-45DP
. Five units were rebuilt into
MPI MP20B
switchers in 2008. Seven NJT units were purchased by
Iowa Pacific Holdings
and three of those were designated for use on the
Hoosier State
between Chicago and Indianapolis before
Amtrak
took over operations again on January 30, 2017. The rest of the units have been sold to various other operators.
GP40PH-2
In 1991?92,
NJ Transit
sent its ex-CNJ GP40PH units out for rebuilding. The units were rebuilt as GP40PH-2 locomotives.
New Jersey Transit would later order two more sets of GP40PH-2 units; these units were rebuilt from former freight GP40 units. The first order in 1993 consisted of six units rebuilt by
Morrison-Knudsen
which are designated GP40PH-2A. The second order in 1993?94 was for 19 former
Penn Central
units rebuilt by
Conrail
, which are classified as GP40PH-2B.
Metro-North
ordered a single GP40PH-2 unit, numbered 4906. It was rebuilt by Conrail in 1992 and is classified as a GP40PH-2M.
Starting in 2014, all but three of NJ Transit's original GP40PH-2s have entered an in-house rebuild program by NJ Transit for a mechanical conversion into a standard GP40-2 for non-revenue service. The HEP motor was removed, unlit number boards were drilled in, the rear ladders were removed and replaced with steps, and LED markers were applied to the rear end of the locomotive, replacing their original tri-color class lights. As of 2020, locomotives 4100, 4101 and 4109 are the only ex-CNJ locomotives that remain in service. NJ Transit's GP40PH-2B units and Metro-North's GP40PH-2M unit also remain active. All GP40PH-2A units were retired and placed into storage, except for one unit, which was sold to MARC in 2019.
In December 2017, New Jersey Transit purchased 17 additional ALP-45DPs to replace the remaining GP40PH-2B locomotives that are still in service.
[4]
However, in July 2020, NJ Transit decided to use the ALP-45As to replace older locomotives of the
PL42AC
fleet instead of the GP40PH-2Bs, due to the PL42AC's unreliability and inability to be upgraded to meet new
Environmental Protection Agency
standards.
[5]
In 2019, NJ Transit unveiled locomotive 4109 painted in a heritage scheme based on that of the CNJ GP40P.
[6]
In October 2022, NJ Transit unveiled locomotive 4101 painted in a heritage NJDOT scheme.
[7]
In October 2023, GP40PH-2B 4210 was repainted into the
Erie Railroad
black-and-yellow scheme.
GP39H-2
In the late 1980s,
Morrison-Knudsen
rebuilt six GP40s into 12-cylinder GP39s for
MARC
. They were downgraded from 3,000 horsepower (2,200 kW) to 2,300 horsepower (1,700 kW), and re-equipped with 4-stroke
Cummins
HEP
generators. As of 2023, they continue to be used by MARC for smaller train sets and work train duty, and all were rebuilt as GP39PH-3Cs.
GP40WH-2
In 1993,
Morrison-Knudsen
was contacted by the
Maryland Transit Administration
to assemble a fleet of GP40s for use on
MARC
. They entered service in 1994. GP40WH-2s are equipped with a
Cummins
head-end power
generator. The
Federal Railroad Administration
exempted these units from the "triangular light pattern" rule because the engines were ordered with
Gyralites
before the mandatory use of
ditch lights
.
Between 2009 and 2011, MARC retired all of their GP40WH-2 locomotives in favor of new
MP36PH-3C
locomotives,
[8]
except for unit 68, which remains for non-revenue work duty and rescue use. Five units were leased to the MBTA in 2011 until 2012,
[9]
and one unit was sent to
CSX Transportation
for use on their
track geometry train
.
[
citation needed
]
The remaining units have been rebuilt by
MotivePower
into
MP32PH-Q
locomotives for use on
SunRail
[10]
or sold to various leasing firms.
[11]
GP40-3H
In 1996,
AMF Technotransport
rebuilt six freight locomotives into passenger locomotives for the
Connecticut Department of Transportation
for use on
Shore Line East
service. The locomotives, designated GP40-2H, were rebuilt from ex-
CSX Transportation
EMD GP38s
and
EMD GP40s
. The rebuild included an
EMD 645
prime mover, producing 3,000 hp (2,200 kW), and a separate
head-end power
(HEP) generator.
[12]
Between 2017 and 2018, the GP40-2H locomotives received an overhaul performed by
National Railway Equipment
and were reclassified as GP40-3H.
[13]
[14]
They were subsequently transferred to the newly established
Hartford Line
service, where they remain in service as of June 2018. In 2022, the remaining Shore Line East equipment was moved into service on the Hartford Line after CTDOT introduced
M8
electric multiple units
to operate on Shore Line East service.
[15]
[
failed verification
]
GP40MC
The
Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority
currently owns and operates a set of 25 GP40 passenger diesels known as GP40MCs, used on the
MBTA Commuter Rail
system. They were originally built by
General Motors Diesel
as GP40-2LWs for Canadian National in 1973?75. In 1997?98, these units were extensively rebuilt by AMF. Although they have been principally used on the lines from
North Station
, these locomotives can also be seen commonly on the
South Station
lines. Currently, the GP40MCs are undergoing an overhaul by the Norfolk Southern Railway, which includes repair and modification to the major propulsion systems and the HEP generators.
Other locomotives
Other passenger locomotives based on the GP40 locomotive include the following:
- EMD/M-K RP39-2C, operated by the
Virginia Railway Express
. 10 units, now retired since 2010. All sold to other operators.
[16]
- EMD/M-K RP40-2C, operated by Virginia Railway Express. Two units, now retired since 2010 and sold to other operators.
[16]
- EMD/AMF GP40H-2, operated by Virginia Railway Express. Three units, now retired since 2010 and since sold to other operators.
[16]
- EMD/AMF GP40PH-2 (not to be confused with the NJT-operated units), operated by the
North Carolina Department of Transportation
for the
Piedmont
service. Two units, now retired. One was sold to Virginia Railway Express (since retired), other retired after a wreck.
- EMD/MAC GP49H-3, operated by
Tri-Rail
. 6 units were rebuilt by Mid American Car in 2006 after being purchased from
Norfolk Southern Railway
in 2001. Three units have been retired, remaining units are expected to be retired in 2025.
See also
References
- ^
Wilson, Jeff (2009).
The Model Railroader's Guide to Diesel Locomotives
.
Kalmbach Publishing
.
ISBN
9780890247617
.
- ^
Solomon, Brian (2004).
Amtrak
. Saint Paul, Minnesota: MBI.
ISBN
978-0-7603-1765-5
.
- ^
"AltoonaWorks.info -- AMTK GP38H-3 Rebuilds"
.
www.altoonaworks.info
. Retrieved
June 19,
2018
.
- ^
"NJ Transit to order more electro-diesels"
. International Rail Journal. December 8, 2017
. Retrieved
December 8,
2017
.
- ^
"Nj Transit"
.
- ^
"NJ Transit provides more details on heritage units | Trains Magazine"
. Archived from
the original
on December 11, 2019
. Retrieved
December 6,
2019
.
- ^
Franz, Justin (October 14, 2022).
"NJ Transit Paints GP40PH-2 into DOT 'Bluebird' Scheme"
.
Railfan & Railroad Magazine
. Retrieved
October 14,
2022
.
- ^
"MTA Expands MARC Penn Line Service"
. MTA Maryland Service Information. Archived from
the original
on March 31, 2009
. Retrieved
February 16,
2010
.
- ^
"MBTA finalizes lease terms for 5 trains"
.
Boston.com
.
- ^
"SunRail, Sound Transit order MotivePower locomotives"
.
Trains
. September 12, 2011. Archived from
the original
on September 20, 2012
. Retrieved
September 13,
2011
.
- ^
"Locomotives for Lease | Precision Locomotive | United States"
.
- ^
"NRE to overhaul Connecticut DOT commuter rail locomotives"
.
Trains News Wire
. March 20, 2017. Archived from
the original
on April 10, 2018
. Retrieved
March 21,
2017
.
(subscription required)
- ^
"NRE to overhaul Connecticut DOT commuter rail locomotives | Trains Magazine"
. Archived from
the original
on April 10, 2018
. Retrieved
March 21,
2017
.
- ^
Vantuono, William C. (March 14, 2017).
"NRE lands ConnDOT locomotive contract"
.
Railway Age
. Retrieved
October 14,
2022
.
- ^
"Expanding Rail Service"
(PDF)
. Connecticut Department of Transportation. January 1, 2007
. Retrieved
March 21,
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
"VIRGINIA RAILWAY EXPRESS"
.
www.thedieselshop.us
. Retrieved
July 20,
2017
.
Further reading
- Moran, Miles (1975). "And Passenger Service Too".
Railroad Modeler
.
5
(8): 40?47.
External links
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