1996 first-person shooter video game
1996 video game
Duke Nukem 3D
|
---|
|
Developer(s)
| |
---|
Publisher(s)
| |
---|
Producer(s)
| Greg Malone
|
---|
Designer(s)
| |
---|
Programmer(s)
| Todd Replogle
|
---|
Composer(s)
| |
---|
Series
| Duke Nukem
|
---|
Engine
| Build
|
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Platform(s)
| |
---|
Release
|
- MS-DOS
- NA
:
January 29, 1996 (Shareware Version)
- NA
:
April 19, 1996 (Full Version)
- NA
:
December 11, 1996 (Atomic Edition)
- EU
:
May 17, 1996
[1]
[2]
Game.com
Mac OS
Sega Saturn
- NA
:
October 29, 1997
- EU
:
October 30, 1997
Nintendo 64
PlayStation
- NA
:
December 2, 1997
- EU
:
December 1997
Mega Drive/Genesis
- BR
:
October 12, 1998
- WW
:
October 16, 2015
Xbox 360
iOS
Android
Megaton Edition
- Microsoft Windows
,
OS X
Linux
PlayStation 3
,
PlayStation Vita
- NA
:
January 6, 2015
- EU
:
January 7, 2015
20th Anniversary World Tour
- Microsoft Windows
,
PlayStation 4
,
Xbox One
- Nintendo Switch
|
---|
Genre(s)
| First-person shooter
|
---|
Mode(s)
| Single-player
,
multiplayer
|
---|
Duke Nukem 3D
is a
first-person shooter
video game developed by
3D Realms
. It is a sequel to the
platform games
Duke Nukem
and
Duke Nukem II
, published by 3D Realms.
Duke Nukem 3D
features the adventures of the titular
Duke Nukem
, voiced by
Jon St. John
, who fights against an
alien invasion
on Earth. Along with
Wolfenstein 3D
,
Doom
,
Doom II
, and
Marathon
,
Duke Nukem 3D
is considered to be one of the many titles responsible for popularizing first-person shooters, and was released to major acclaim. Reviewers praised the interactivity of the environments, gameplay, level design, and unique risque humor, a mix of pop-culture satire and lampooning of over-the-top Hollywood action heroes. However, it also incited controversy due to its violence, erotic elements, and
portrayal of women
.
The shareware version of the game was originally released on January 29, 1996 as version 1.0 (later, the shareware version got re-released as version 1.1 on February 20, 1996 and re-released once again as version 1.3D on April 24, 1996), while the full version of the game was released on April 19, 1996, as version 1.3D. The
Plutonium PAK
, an expansion pack which updated the game to version 1.4 and added a fourth eleven-level episode, was released on October 21, 1996. The
Atomic Edition
, a standalone version of the game that included the content from the
Plutonium PAK
and updated the game to version 1.5, was later released on December 11, 1996; it is only available digitally for PC on ZOOM-Platform.com
[3]
and on console for the Xbox 360. An official fifth episode was released on October 11, 2016, with
20th Anniversary World Tour
published by
Gearbox Software
. A direct sequel titled
Duke Nukem Forever
was released in 2011, after
fifteen years
in
development hell
.
Gameplay
[
edit
]
As a
first-person shooter
whose gameplay is similar to
Doom
, the gameplay of
Duke Nukem 3D
involves moving through levels presented from the protagonist's point of view, shooting enemies on the way. The environments in
Duke Nukem 3D
are highly destructible and interactive; most props can be destroyed by the player.
[4]
[5]
Levels were designed in a fairly non-linear manner such that players can advantageously use
air ducts
, back doors, and sewers to avoid enemies or find hidden caches. These locations are also filled with objects the player can interact with. Some confer gameplay benefits to the player; light switches make it easier to see, while
water fountains
and broken
fire hydrants
provide some health points. Others are simply there as a diversion. Tipping
strippers
provokes a quote from Duke, and a provocative reveal from the dancer.
Duke's arsenal consists of the "Mighty Foot" (a basic kick attack), a
pistol
, a
shotgun
, a triple-barrelled
chain gun
, a
rocket-propelled grenade launcher
,
pipe bombs
, freeze and
shrink rays
, laser
land mines
, and the rapid-fire "Devastator" rocket launcher. There is also an extra weapon known as the "Expander", the opposite of the shrink-ray weapon, which is only available in the
Atomic Edition
version of the game.
Various items can be picked up during gameplay. The portable
medkit
allows players to heal Duke at will.
Steroids
speed up Duke's movement, as well as instantly reversing the effects of the shrink-ray weapon and increasing the strength of Duke's Mighty Foot for a short period.
Night vision
goggles allow players to see enemies in the dark. The "HoloDuke" device projects a
hologram
of Duke, which can be used to distract enemies. Protective boots allow Duke to cross dangerously hot or toxic terrain. In sections where progress requires more aquatic legwork, an
aqua-lung
allows Duke to take longer trips underwater. Duke's
jet pack
allows the player to move vertically and gain access to otherwise inaccessible areas.
The game features a wide variety of enemies; some of which are
aliens
and other
mutated
humans. The
LAPD
have been turned into "Pig Cops", a
play
on the derogatory term "pig" for police officers, with
LARD
emblazoned on their uniforms. As is usual for a first-person shooter, Duke Nukem encounters a large number of lesser foes, as well as
bosses
, usually at the end of episodes. Like Duke, these enemies have access to a wide range of weapons and equipment, and some weaker enemies have jet packs.
Plot
[
edit
]
Setting
[
edit
]
Duke Nukem 3D
is set on Earth "sometime in the early 21st century".
[6]
The levels of
Duke Nukem 3D
take players outdoors and indoors through rendered street scenes, military bases,
deserts
, a flooded city,
space stations
,
Moon
bases, and a
Japanese
restaurant.
The game contains several humorous references to pop culture. Some of Duke's lines are drawn from movies such as
Aliens
,
Dirty Harry
,
Evil Dead II
,
[7]
Full Metal Jacket
,
[8]
Jaws
,
Pulp Fiction
, and
They Live
;
[8]
the captured women saying "Kill me" is a reference to
Aliens
. Players will encounter corpses of famous characters such as
Luke Skywalker
,
Indiana Jones
,
Snake Plissken
,
the protagonist
of
Doom
, and a smashed
T-800
. In the first episode, players navigate a tunnel in the wall of a prison cell hidden behind a poster, just like in
The Shawshank Redemption
. During the second episode, players can see a
Monolith
(from
2001: A Space Odyssey
) on the Moon.
Story
[
edit
]
There is little narrative in the game, only a brief text prelude located under "Help" in the Main Menu, and a few
cutscenes
after the completion of an episode. The game picks up right after the events of
Duke Nukem II
, with Duke returning to Earth in his space cruiser. As Duke descends on
Los Angeles
in hopes of taking a vacation, his ship is shot down by unknown hostiles. While sending a distress signal, Duke learns that aliens are attacking Los Angeles and have mutated the
LAPD
. With his vacation plans now ruined, Duke hits the "eject" button, and vows to do whatever it takes to stop the alien invasion.
In "Episode One:
L.A. Meltdown
", Duke fights his way through a
dystopian
Los Angeles. At a
strip club
, he is captured by pig-cops, but escapes the alien-controlled penitentiary and tracks down the alien cruiser responsible for the invasion in the
San Andreas Fault
. Duke confronts and kills an Alien Battlelord in the final level. Duke discovers that the aliens were capturing women, and detonates the ship. Levels in this episode include a movie theater, a red-light district, a prison, and a nuclear-waste disposal facility.
In "Episode Two:
Lunar Apocalypse
", Duke journeys to
space
, where he finds many of the captured women held in various
incubators
throughout space stations that had been conquered by the aliens. Duke reaches the alien mother ship on the Moon and kills an alien Overlord. As Duke inspects the ship's computer, it is revealed that the plot to capture women was merely a ruse to distract him. The aliens have already begun their attack on Earth.
In "Episode Three:
Shrapnel City
", Duke battles the massive alien presence through Los Angeles once again, and kills the leader of the alien menace: the Cycloid Emperor. The game ends as Duke promises that after some "
R&R
", he will be "...ready for more action!", as an anonymous woman calls him back to bed. Levels in this episode include a sushi bar, a movie set, a subway, and a hotel.
The story continues in the
Atomic Edition
. In "Episode Four:
The Birth
", it is revealed that the aliens used a captured woman to give birth to the Alien Queen, a creature which can quickly spawn deadly alien protector drones. Duke is dispatched back to Los Angeles to fight hordes of aliens, including the protector drones. Eventually, Duke finds the lair of the Alien Queen, and kills her, thus thwarting the alien plot. Levels in this episode include a fast-food restaurant ("Duke Burger"), a supermarket, a Disneyland parody called "Babe Land", a police station, the oil tanker
Exxon Valdez
, and
Area 51
.
With the release of
20th Anniversary World Tour
, the story progresses further. In "Episode Five:
Alien World Order
", Duke finds out that the aliens initiated a world-scale invasion, so he sets out to repel their attack on various countries. Duke proceeds to clear out aliens from
Amsterdam
,
Moscow
,
London
,
San Francisco
,
Paris
, the
Giza pyramid complex
, and
Rome
, with the final showdown with the returning alien threat taking place in Los Angeles, taking the game full circle. There, he defeats the Cycloid Incinerator, the current alien leader, stopping their threat for good.
Development
[
edit
]
Duke Nukem 3D
was developed on a budget of roughly $300,000.
[9]
The development team consisted of 8 people for most of the development cycle, increasing to 12 or 13 people near the end.
[9]
At one point, the game was being programmed to allow the player to switch between first-person view, third-person view, and fixed camera angles.
[10]
Scott Miller
of 3D Realms recalled that "with
Duke 3D
, unlike every shooter that came before, we wanted to have sort of real life locations like a cinema theatre, you know, strip club, bookstores..."
[9]
LameDuke
is a
beta version
of
Duke Nukem 3D
, which was released by 3D Realms as a "bonus" one year after the release of the official version. It has been released as is, with no support.
[11]
LameDuke
features four episodes:
Mr. Caliber
,
Mission Cockroach
,
Suck Hole
, and
Hard Landing
. Certain weapons were altered from the original versions and/or removed.
Lee Jackson
's theme song "Grabbag" has elicited many covers and remixes over the years by both fans and professional musicians, including an officially sanctioned studio version by
thrash metal
band
Megadeth
. Another version of the song was recorded by
Chris Kline
in August 2005.
3D Realms
featured it on the front page of their website and contracted with Kline to use it to promote their
Xbox Live
release of
Duke Nukem 3D
.
[12]
The original official website was created by
Jeffrey D. Erb
and Mark Farish of Intersphere Communications Ltd.
[13]
Release
[
edit
]
PC versions
[
edit
]
- Shareware Version
: The shareware version, released on January 29, 1996, contained only the first episode. This version uses 3D Realms's shareware distribution model, which means that it can be distributed for free.
- Full Version
: 3D Realms started shipping the full registered version to customers on May 5, 1996.
[14]
The company streamed the process of packing and shipping the first copies using a webcam. The full version contains the original three episodes, and includes the full versions of
Duke Nukem
and
Duke Nukem II
as bonus content.
- Plutonium PAK/Atomic Edition
: The
Atomic Edition
of
Duke Nukem 3D
was released in November 1996 as a standalone game. It contained the original three episodes, as well as a new eleven-level fourth episode, bringing the level total to 41 as opposed to 30 in the original
Duke Nukem 3D
. The
Plutonium PAK
was released as an upgrade package to convert the original release of
Duke Nukem 3D
(v1.3d) to the
Atomic Edition
(v1.4, later updated to v1.5 with the standalone
Atomic Edition
release and via a free download patch for the
Plutonium PAK
version on 3D Realms' website). It introduced two new enemies, the Protector Drone and the Pig Cop Tank, a new final boss, the Alien Queen, and a new weapon, the Expander. Changes to the script made the game easier to
mod
, and players could set up a multiplayer session against CPU
bots
. This is the only official add-on for the game developed by 3D Realms. Unlike the original release of
Duke Nukem 3D
, however, the
Atomic Edition
does not include
Duke Nukem
and
Duke Nukem II
.
- Macintosh Version
: The Macintosh release was ported by Lion Entertainment Inc.
[15]
and released on June 6, 1997, in Minneapolis, being shipped by MacSoft.
[16]
- East Meets West
: Released in 1998, includes
Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition
and the full version of
Shadow Warrior
.
[17]
- Duke: The Apocalypse
contains
Duke!ZONE II
,
Duke Xtreme
, and a T-shirt.
- Duke: The Apocalypse 2
contains
Duke!ZONE
,
Duke It Out In D.C.
, a strategy guide, and a T-shirt.
- Kill-A-Ton Collection
: The
Kill-A-Ton Collection
was released in 1998 and includes:
Duke Nukem I
(
Duke Nukum
),
Duke Nukem II
,
Duke Nukem 3D
(both v1.3d and v1.5),
Duke It Out In D.C.
,
Duke!ZONE II
,
Duke Xtreme
, and various editing utilities.
- GOG Version
: The Atomic Edition was released on
GOG.com
along with Duke Nukem 1, 2 and Manhattan Project in 2009. The entire catalog was removed from the website on December 31, 2015, due to a licensing agreement with
Gearbox Software
.
[18]
- Megaton Edition
: Developed by General Arcade and published by
Devolver Digital
, it was released through
Steam
on March 20, 2013. The
Megaton Edition
includes
Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition
,
Duke It Out In D.C.
,
Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach
, and
Duke: Nuclear Winter
all running on OpenGL, as well as the original MS-DOS version of
Duke Nukem 3D: Atomic Edition
. It supports SteamPlay for Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux, and is based on the code of the
JFDuke3D
source port by Jonathon Fowler. Online multiplayer was added to the game in January 2014.
[19]
However, about a year later, the Megaton Edition was removed from all digital distribution as Devolver Digital's agreement with Gearbox Software has ended now that the latter company currently owns the
intellectual property
. In 2016, Gearbox informed TechRaptor that they have plans to "bring the game back this year,"
[20]
and that game became the 20th Anniversary World Tour.
- Kill-a-Ton 2015 Collection
: Released in May 2015 on
Steam
, includes everything that Kill-a-Ton Collection contained (with exception of
Duke Nukem 3D
v1.3D and
Duke Xtreme
), plus two other expansions,
Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach
, and
Duke: Nuclear Winter
, as well as
Duke Nukem: Manhattan Project
and the
Balls of Steel
game. Like with the
GOG.com
release and Megaton Edition, it was removed from Steam at the end of 2015.
- 20th Anniversary World Tour
: Developed by
Nerve Software
and Gearbox Software and published by Gearbox Publishing. It was announced by Gearbox Software on September 2, 2016, at PAX East, and it's a re-release for the
Xbox One
,
PlayStation 4
, and PC via Steam. World Tour includes an all-new 5th episode by the original episode designers, new music by composer
Lee Jackson
, re-recorded voice lines by
Jon St. John
, new enemies and new lighting effects.
[21]
However, it does not contain the expansions from
Kill-A-Ton Collection
and
Megaton Edition
. World Tour was released on October 11, 2016.
Expansion packs
[
edit
]
- Nuke It
: This is an expansion pack developed by
Micro Star
in 1996, consisting of 300 custom made levels.
[22]
Although it was made with the Build Editor, Micro Star was charged by
FormGen and 3D Realms of copyright infringement
for unauthorized sales of the pack. Ultimately Micro Star lost their case.
[23]
- Duke It Out In D.C.
: This is an authorized add-on developed by
Sunstorm Interactive
and published by
WizardWorks
; it was released in March 1997. President
Bill Clinton
is captured by alien forces, and Duke must save him. This expansion pack featured 10 new levels that were based on real-world locations, such as: the
White House
, the
FBI
headquarters, the
Smithsonian
museum, the
Washington Monument
, and other areas in Washington, D.C. The add-on was also included as part of an official compilation called
Duke Nukem: Kill-A-Ton Collection
through business deals with 3D Realms. Charlie Wiederhold created levels for this add-on.
- Duke Caribbean: Life's a Beach
: This is an authorized add-on developed by Sunstorm Interactive and published by WizardWorks; it was released in January 1998.
[24]
Duke is relaxing on a tropical island when he discovers that the aliens are having their own "vacation". This add-on includes a sunny Caribbean theme with 12 new levels that take place on beaches and vacation hotels. The add-on also reskins Duke's weapons with a summer theme, such as water guns. Charlie Wiederhold created several levels for this add-on. Wiederhold was later hired by 3D Realms to work on the sequel
Duke Nukem Forever
.
- Duke: Nuclear Winter
: This is an authorized add-on developed by Simply Silly Software and published by WizardWorks; it was released in January 1998.
[24]
Santa Claus
is being mind-controlled by aliens into causing trouble on Earth. Several of the levels take place in
Alaska
and the
North Pole
.
- Duke!ZONE
: An authorized add-on released in 1996, published by WizardWorks, which includes 500 fan-made levels and various editing utilities.
- Duke!ZONE II
: An authorized follow-up add-on to
Duke!ZONE
, published by WizardWorks and released in 1997.
Duke!ZONE II
contains three new episodes, each containing seven levels, created by Simply Silly Software and the same 500 fan-made levels from the original
Duke!ZONE
.
- Duke Xtreme
: An authorized add-on released in 1997 and developed by Sunstorm Interactive, containing 50 levels (25 for single player and 25 for multiplayer) and various editing utilities.
- Duke Assault
: An add-on released in 1997 containing over 1,500 levels for
Duke Nukem 3D
. It was published by WizardWorks and created by fans in the
Duke Nukem 3D
modding community.
[25]
- Duke Nukem's Penthouse Paradise
: This is an official add-on for
Duke Nukem 3D
, created by
Jeffrey D. Erb
and Mark Farish of Intersphere Communications Ltd. and available exclusively from
GT Interactive
and
Penthouse Magazine
in May 1997.
[26]
[27]
[28]
Taking place between
Duke Nukem 3D
and the
Atomic Edition
, aliens interrupt Duke's R&R and a couple of Penthouse photo shoots. Duke has to fight his way through a hotel, clubs, and, finally, the Penthouse offices. The level features music from the industrial rock band
Needle
.
- Duke - It's Zero Hour
: An add-on developed by ZeroHour Software and released in November 1997. It was originally slated to be a retail product via WizardWorks, but the developers ended up releasing it for free. It has 11 new levels that feature 12 all-new monsters, five new weapons, music, and sound effects.
Console versions and add-ons
[
edit
]
Duke Nukem 3D
was ported to many consoles of the time. All of the ports featured some sort of new content.
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
Game.com
) was released in 1997 in the USA only. Unlike every other version of the game, Duke Nukem cannot turn; he can only move forward, backward, and strafe to the left or right. Due to the Game.com's monochrome screen, it is also the only version to lack color. It only includes four levels from each of the original three episodes for a total of 12 levels. These levels were modified to accommodate Duke Nukem's inability to turn.
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
Sega Saturn
) was ported by
Lobotomy Software
and published by
Sega
in 1997. It retains the original name and uses Lobotomy Software's own fully 3D
SlaveDriver
engine.
[29]
This version uses the
Sega NetLink
for online gaming, and has built-in support for the Saturn's analog pad. It also includes a hidden multiplayer mini-game called
Death Tank Zwei
, and an exclusive bonus level called Urea 51, accessed through the level "Fahrenheit". It was the final game branded by Sega of America under the Deep Water label, employed for games featuring adult content such as
Eternal Champions: Challenge from the Dark Side
.
- Duke Nukem: Total Meltdown
(titled simply
Duke Nukem
in Europe), the
PlayStation
port released on December 2, 1997, was developed by
Aardvark Software
.
[30]
[31]
It contains all three original episodes, plus an exclusive fourth episode,
Plug 'n' Pray
,
[32]
which includes six new levels and a secret level. The secret level was also included in the PC version of
Duke Nukem 3D
. The new episode features several new enemies, including three new types of Pig Cops, and a new final boss, the CyberKeef. This version also features remixed music, some rearranged from the PC version, and some original, in streaming XA-Audio made by
Mark Knight
.
[33]
It includes support for analog pads and the
PlayStation Link Cable
.
[34]
- Duke Nukem 64
is a port released on November 14, 1997 for the
Nintendo 64
and features a
split screen
4-player mode.
[35]
[36]
It was developed by
Eurocom
.
[37]
In-game music was removed due to
limited storage capacity
, many items were renamed to avoid drug and sex references, and new lines of dialogue were recorded specifically for this version to remove profanity. Several levels were altered to include areas from the
Atomic Edition
, such as a Duke Burger outlet in the second level which was not in the original PC version. Levels are played sequentially instead of as separate episodes. Other changes include the addition of
Rumble Pak
support,
[37]
four new weapons, dual sub-machine guns, a grenade launcher, a missile launcher, and the Plasma Cannon, alternative ammo types for the pistol, shotgun, and missile launcher, and a fully 3D model for the Cycloid Emperor boss. The Protector Drone, an enemy from the
Atomic Edition
, also appears a few times in the standard levels. Originally, the weapons and end bosses were going to be polygonal.
[38]
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
Mega Drive/Genesis
) was released in 1998 by
Tec Toy
. The visuals were drastically simplified, being closer to early shooters like
Wolfenstein 3D
. It consisted solely of
Lunar Apocalypse
, the second from the original game's three episodes, which was heavily modified to suit the game engine. This version was released in
South America
only.
[39]
In 2015, Piko Interactive acquired the rights to the port from Tec Toy and released it worldwide in cartridge form on October 16, 2015.
[40]
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
Xbox 360
) was released on September 24, 2008. This version features: the ability to "rewind" the game to any prior point upon dying, save clips of gameplay, and play cooperatively online, as well as the standard "Dukematch" online multiplayer mode. The music received a slight quality upgrade with modern
MIDI
tools.
[41]
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
iPhone
/
iPod Touch
) was released on August 11, 2009, and ported by MachineWorks Northwest. The game employs a new engine, which uses a trademarked touch-screen system called TapShoot to allow players to lock onto and dispatch foes.
[42]
An update in September 2009 made the game compatible with the first and second-generation
iPod Touch
. It also added a new control scheme which lets players control Duke by dragging their finger around the screen.
[43]
- Duke Nukem 3D
(
Nokia N900
) was released on December 29, 2009.
[44]
As shown in a MaemoWorld's video,
[45]
Duke is controlled using the Qwerty keypad and touchscreen.
- Duke Nukem 3D: Megaton Edition
(
PlayStation 3
,
PlayStation Vita
) was released on January 6, 2015, in North America, and January 7, 2015, in Europe.
[46]
[47]
It is a port of the
Megaton Edition
released on Steam for Windows, Mac, and Linux. It was developed by General Arcade for the
PC
, ported to consoles by Abstraction Games, and published by
Devolver Digital
. It features
cross-buy
and Cross-Play between both platforms.
[48]
As of February 2016, the game is no longer available for purchase in North America due to publishing rights returning to Gearbox Software. Previously purchased copies can still be downloaded and played.
[49]
- Duke Nukem 3D: 20th Anniversary World Tour
(
PlayStation 4
,
Xbox One
,
Nintendo Switch
): Released on October 11, 2016. Includes a new 5th episode, made by the original designers and new music by Lee Jackson, the original composer.
[50]
The Nintendo Switch version released on June 23, 2020.
[51]
[52]
Sales
[
edit
]
Duke Nukem 3D
was a commercial hit, selling about 3.5 million copies.
[53]
[54]
In the United States alone, it was the 12th best-selling computer game in the period from 1993 to 1999, with 950,000 units sold.
[55]
NPD Techworld
, a firm that tracked sales in the United States,
[56]
reported 1.25 million units sold of
Duke Nukem 3D
by December 2002.
[57]
Source ports
[
edit
]
Following the release of the
Doom
source code
in 1997, players wanted a similar source code release from 3D Realms. The last major game to make use of the
Duke Nukem 3D
source code was TNT Team's
World War II GI
in 1999. Its programmer, Matthew Saettler, obtained permission from 3D Realms to expand the gameplay enhancements done on
WWII GI
to
Duke Nukem 3D
.
EDuke
was a semi-official branch of
Duke Nukem 3D
that was released as a patch as
Duke Nukem 3D
v2.0 for
Atomic Edition
users on July 28, 2000. It included a demo mod made by several beta testers.
[58]
[59]
It focused primarily on enhancing the CON scripting language in ways which allowed those modifying the game to do much more with the system than originally possible. Though a further version was planned, it never made it out of beta. It was eventually cancelled due to programmer time constraints. About a month after the release of the
Duke Nukem 3D
source code,
Blood
project manager Matt Saettler released the source code for both
EDuke
v2.0 and EDuke v2.1, the test version of which would have eventually become the next
EDuke
release, under the GPL.
[
citation needed
]
The
source code
to the
Duke Nukem 3D
v1.5 executable, which uses the Build engine, was released as
free software
under the
GPL-2.0-or-later
license on April 1, 2003.
[60]
The game content remains under a proprietary license. The game was quickly ported by enthusiasts to modern operating systems.
The first
Duke Nukem 3D
port was from icculus.org. It is a cross-platform project that allows the game to be played on
AmigaOS
,
AmigaOS 4
,
AROS
,
BeOS
,
FreeBSD
,
Linux
,
Mac OS X
,
MorphOS
,
Solaris
, and
Windows
rather than MS-DOS. The icculus.org codebase would later be used as the base for several other ports, including
Duke3d_32
.
[61]
Another popular early project was Jonathon Fowler's
JFDuke3D
, which, in December 2003, received backing from the original author of Build, programmer
Ken Silverman
.
[62]
Fowler, in cooperation with Silverman, released a new version of
JFDuke3D
using
Polymost
, an
OpenGL
-enhanced renderer for Build which allows hardware acceleration and 3D model support along with 32-bit color high resolution textures. Another project based on
JFDuke3D
called
xDuke
, unrelated to the
xDuke
project based on
Duke3d_w32
, runs on the
Xbox
. Silverman has since helped Fowler with a large portion of other engine work, including updating the network code, and helping to maintain various other aspects of the engine.
[
citation needed
]
Development appears to have stopped; as of January 2015, there have been no new versions since October 9, 2005.
While a few short-lived
DOS
-based
EDuke
projects emerged, it was not until the release of
EDuke32
, an extended version of
Duke3D
incorporating variants of both Fowler's
Microsoft Windows
JFDuke3D
code, and Saettler's
EDuke code
, by one of 3D Realms' forum moderators in late 2004, that
EDuke's
scripting extensions received community focus.
[63]
Among the various enhancements, support for advanced
shader model
3.0 based graphics was added to
EDuke32
during late 2008-early 2009. In June 2008, thanks to significant porting contributions from the
DOSBox
team,
EDuke32
became the only
Duke Nukem 3D
source port to compile and run natively on
64-bit
Linux systems without the use of a 32-bit compatibility environment.
On April 1, 2009, an
OpenGL
Shader Model 3.0 renderer was revealed to have been developed for
EDuke32
, named
Polymer
to distinguish from Ken Silverman's
Polymost
.
[
citation needed
]
It allows for much more modern effects such as dynamic lighting and
normal mapping
. Although Polymer is fully functional, it is technically incomplete and unoptimized, and is still in development. As of the fifth installment of the
High Resolution Pack
, released in 2011, the Polymer renderer is mandatory. In 2011, another significant development of
EDuke32
was the introduction of true room over room (TROR), where sectors can be placed over other sectors, and can be seen at the same time. In practice, this allows for true three-dimensional level design that was previously impossible, although the base engine is still 2D.
On December 18, 2012,
Chocolate Duke3D
[64]
port was released. Inspired by
Chocolate Doom
,
[65]
the primary goal was to refactor the code so developers would easily read and learn from it.
In February 2013, a source
code review
article was published that described the internal working of the code.
[66]
Reception
[
edit
]
All versions of the game have earned a positive aggregate score on
GameRankings
and
Metacritic
. The original release on MS-DOS holds an aggregate score of 89% on GameRankings and a score of 89/100 on Metacritic.
[67]
[71]
The version released on Nintendo 64 holds an aggregate score of 74% on GameRankings and a score of 73/100 on Metacritic.
[68]
[72]
The version released on Xbox 360 holds an aggregate score of 81% on GameRankings while it holds a score of 80/100 on Metacritic.
[69]
[73]
The iOS version holds an aggregate score of 64% on GameRankings.
[70]
Daniel Jevons of
Maximum
gave it five out of five stars, calling it "absolutely perfect in every respect." He particularly cited the game's speed and fluidity even on low-end PCs, imaginative weapons, varied and identifiable environments, true 3D level designs, and strong multiplayer mode.
[92]
A
Next Generation
critic summarized: "
Duke Nukem 3D
has everything
Doom
doesn't, but it also doesn't leave out the stuff that made
Doom
a classic." He praised the imaginative weapons, long and complex single-player campaign, competitive multiplayer, built-in level editor, and parental lock.
[89]
Reviewers paid a lot of attention to the sexual content within the game. Reception of this element varied: Tim Soete of
GameSpot
felt that it was "morally questionable",
[5]
while the
Game Revolution
reviewer noted that it was "done in a tongue-in-cheek manner," and he was "not personally offended".
[95]
GamingOnLinux reviewer Hamish Paul Wilson commented in a later retrospective how the game's "dark dystopian atmosphere filled with pornography and consumerist decadence" in his view helped to ground "the game's more outlandish and obscene moments in context", concluding that "in a world as perverse as this, someone like Duke becoming its hero seems almost inevitable."
[96]
Next Generation
reviewed the Macintosh version of the game and stated that "Though it took a year, the Mac port of
Duke Nukem 3D
is an impressive feat, both for the game's own features, and the quality of the port."
[90]
The Saturn version also received generally positive reviews, with critics particularly praising the use of real-world settings for the levels
[80]
[93]
[97]
and Duke's numerous one-liners.
[80]
[93]
Reviewers were also generally impressed with how accurately it replicates the PC version.
[80]
[93]
[97]
AllGame
editor Colin Williamson highly praised the Sega Saturn port, referring to it as "one of the best versions" and that it was "probably one of the best console ports ever released."
[79]
GamePro
summarized that "All the gore, vulgarity, go-go dancers, and ultra-intense 3D combat action that made Duke Nukem [3D] excel on the PC are firmly intact in the Saturn version, making it one of the premier corridor shooters on the system."
[97]
However, some complained at the limitations of this version's multiplayer. Dan Hsu of
Electronic Gaming Monthly
said it was unfortunate that it supports only two players instead of four,
[80]
while
Sega Saturn Magazine
editor Rich Leadbetter complained at the multiplayer being only supported through the
Sega NetLink
and not the Saturn link cable, since the NetLink was not being released in Europe, effectively making the Saturn version single-player only to Europeans.
[93]
The Nintendo 64 version was likewise positively received, with critics almost overwhelming praising the new weapons
[81]
[84]
[86]
[91]
and polygonal explosions,
[81]
[86]
[98]
though some said that the use of sprites for most enemies and objects makes the game look outdated.
[84]
[91]
While commenting that the deathmatch gameplay is less impressive than that of
GoldenEye 007
, critics also overwhelmingly applauded the port's multiplayer features.
[81]
[84]
[86]
[91]
Next Generation
stated that "The sound effects and music are solid, the levels are still interactive as heck, and it's never quite felt so good blasting enemies with a shotgun or blowing them to chunks with pipe bombs."
[91]
GamePro
opined that the censoring of sexual content from the port stripped the game of all uniqueness,
[98]
but the vast majority of critics held that the censorship, though unfortunate, was not extensive enough to eliminate or even reduce Duke's distinctive personality.
[81]
[84]
[86]
[91]
Peer Schneider
of
IGN
called it "a better and much more intense shooter than
Hexen
and
Doom 64
, and currently the best N64 game with a two-player co-op mode. If you don't already own the PC or Saturn version of Duke, do yourself a favor and get it."
[86]
Crispin Boyer of
Electronic Gaming Monthly
, while complaining that the large weapons obscure too much of the player's view in four-player mode, assessed that "You're not gonna find a better console version of Duke."
[81]
The PlayStation console port met with more mixed reviews.
GamePro
and Tim Soete of
GameSpot
both found this conversion technically inferior, particularly the
frame rate
.
[85]
[99]
Both also complained that the control configuration only provides three presets, with no option for custom configuration.
[85]
[99]
Soete also found the game had become dated by the time this version was released, though he still recommended it for those who do not own a PC.
[85]
IGN
'
s Jay Boor gave it a more enthusiastic recommendation, saying it "plays exactly like its PC predecessor" and praising the PlayStation-exclusive levels and link cable support.
[87]
Duke Nukem 3D
was a finalist for
CNET Gamecenter
's 1996 "Best Action Game" award, which ultimately went to
Quake
.
[100]
In 1996,
Next Generation
ranked it as the 35th top game of all time, called "for many, the game
Quake
should have been."
[101]
In 1996
Computer Gaming World
named
Duke Nukem 3D
#37 overall among the best games of all time
[102]
and #13 among the "best ways to die in computer gaming".
[103]
It won a 1996
Spotlight Award
for Best Action Game.
[104]
In 1998,
PC Gamer
declared it the 29th-best computer game ever released, and the editors called it "a gaming icon" and "an absolute blast".
[105]
PC Gamer
magazine's readers' voted it #13 on its all-time top games poll.
[106]
The editors of
PC Game
ranked it as the 12th top game of all time in 2001 citing the game's humor and pop-culture references,
[107]
and as the 15th best games of all time in 2005.
[108]
GamePro
included it among the most important video games of all time.
[109]
In 2009, IGN's Cam Shea ranked it as the ninth top 10 Xbox Live Arcade game, stating that it was as fun as it was in its initial release, and praised the ability to rewind to any point before the player died.
[110]
Controversy
[
edit
]
Duke Nukem 3D
was attacked by some critics, who alleged that it promoted
pornography
and murder. In response to the criticism encountered,
censored
versions of the game were released in certain countries in order to avoid it being banned altogether. A similar censored version was carried at
Wal-Mart
retail stores in the United States.
[111]
In Australia, the game was originally refused classification on release.
[112]
3D Realms repackaged the game with the parental lock feature permanently enabled, although a patch available on the 3D Realms website allowed the user to revert the game back into its uncensored U.S. version.
[113]
The
OFLC
then attempted to have the game pulled from the shelves, but it was discovered that the distributor had notified them of this fact and the rating could not be surrendered; six months later, the game was reclassified and released uncensored with an MA15+ rating.
[114]
In Germany, the
BPjM
placed the game on their "List B" ("List of Media Harmful to Young People") of videos games, thus prohibiting its advertisement in the public. However, it was not fully confiscated, meaning that an adult could still request to see the game and buy it.
[115]
In 1999,
Duke Nukem 3D
was banned in Brazil, along with
Doom
and several other first-person shooters after a rampage in and around a movie theater was supposedly inspired by the first level in the game.
[116]
Despite such concerns from critics, legislators, and publishers, Scott Miller later recounted that 3D Realms saw very little negative feedback to the game's controversial elements from actual gamers or their parents.
[9]
He pointed out that
Duke Nukem 3D
was appropriately rated "M" and had no real nudity, and speculated that that was enough to make it inoffensive to the general public.
[9]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Released under the Deep Water brand name in North America
References
[
edit
]
- ^
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External links
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