Virtuoso horn player
Dennis Brain
(17 May 1921 – 1 September 1957) was a British
horn
player. From a musical family ? his father and grandfather were horn players ? he attended the
Royal Academy of Music
in London. During the
Second World War
he served in the
Royal Air Force
, playing in its
band and orchestra
. After the war, he was the principal horn of the
Philharmonia
and
Royal Philharmonic
orchestras, and played in chamber ensembles.
Among the works written for Brain is
Benjamin Britten
's
Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
(1944). Other composers who wrote for him include
Malcolm Arnold
,
Lennox Berkeley
,
Alan Bush
,
Gordon Jacob
,
Humphrey Searle
and
Matyas Seiber
.
Brain was killed in a car crash at the age of 36.
Life and career
[
edit
]
Early years
[
edit
]
Brain was born in
Hammersmith
, London on 17 May 1921 to a musical family. His mother, Marion,
nee
Beeley (1887?1954), was a singer at
Covent Garden
and his father,
Aubrey Harold Brain
, was first horn of the
London Symphony Orchestra
and regarded as "the leading exponent of the instrument in Britain at that time".
[1]
Aubrey's father,
Alfred Edwin Brain, Sr.
, and elder brother,
Alfred Edwin Brain Jr.
, had been prominent horn players in Britain, and in the latter's case the US.
[n 1]
Brain's elder brother, Leonard (1915?1975), became a leading player of the
oboe
and
cor anglais
,
[3]
principal of the
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
.
[4]
Brain was educated at Richmond Hill Preparatory School and then
St Paul's School, London
.
[5]
Although it was assumed that he would become a horn player, his father kept him largely away from the instrument as a boy, in the belief that it should not be played until the adult teeth developed. Brain was allowed to blow a few notes on his father's horn every Saturday morning, to maintain his interest, but his first musical studies were piano and organ.
[3]
In 1936 Brain was admitted to the
Royal Academy of Music
(RAM) to study horn under his father, who was a professor of the instrument there. He also studied piano with Max Pirani, organ with
G. D. Cunningham
and harmony with
Montague Phillips
.
[6]
His professional debut was on 6 October 1938 when he played in
Bach's
Brandenburg Concerto no. 1
(which features two
concertante
horn parts) as second horn to his father in the
Queen's Hall
, London, under the baton of
Adolf Busch
. The music critic of
The Daily Telegraph
wrote:
In the F major concerto Aubrey Brain was in his accustomed place as first horn but he had a new partner, his 17-year old son, Dennis, whose first appearance this was?a Queen's Hall event of no little interest. The famous family keeps up its traditions in the representative of the new generation. Son seconded father with a smoothness and certainty worthy of his name.
[7]
The following month Brain and his brother were soloists in a concert featuring
Mozart
's Horn Quintet (K407) and Oboe Quintet (K370).
[8]
He appeared with ensembles including the
Griller
and
Busch
quartets and made broadcasts for the
BBC
, the first of which, in February 1939, featured Mozart's Divertimento in D (K334) with Aubrey as first horn and Dennis as second.
[9]
In the same month father and son recorded the work for
Columbia
with the
Lener Quartet
.
[10]
RAF and wartime
[
edit
]
At the start of the
Second World War
Brain and his brother joined the armed forces. Unlike Germany and Italy, Britain did not exempt musicians from conscription, but the conductor of the
Central Band of the Royal Air Force
, Wing Commander Rudolph O'Donnell, made considerable, and largely successful, efforts to ensure that, as
Walter Legge
put it, "every exceptionally able young instrumentalist knew that a place would be found for him in the RAF Band".
[10]
The band became what
The Independent
described as "a legendary ensemble",
[11]
and an RAF Symphony Orchestra was a spin-off. With them, Brain made a three-month tour of the US in 1944?45, and played during the
Potsdam Conference
in 1945.
[1]
Players in the RAF ensemble were allowed to perform for civilian managements when not required for official duties. Brain made 26 solo appearances in the wartime
National Gallery
concerts organised by
Myra Hess
, in a range of works including the Mozart Horn Quintet (K407) and the Brahms Trio for Horn, Violin and Piano (Op. 40), which became, as his biographer Tim Barringer writes, "his signature works in later years".
[1]
For the BBC he made more than 20 broadcasts during the war for the home or forces networks, mostly of chamber music, but on one occasion playing the Mozart
Horn Concerto K495
with the
BBC Symphony Orchestra
conducted by
Sir Adrian Boult
.
[12]
In mid-1942 Brain met the composer
Benjamin Britten
; the latter was writing incidental music, played by the RAF orchestra, for a series of BBC radio commentaries on war-time Britain which were being broadcast weekly to the US. Britten immediately recognised Brain's exceptional skill, and took little persuading to write a concert work for him. This was the
Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings
,
[13]
premiered at the
Wigmore Hall
in October 1944 with Brain and
Peter Pears
as soloists.
[14]
Britten acknowledged Brain's help during the composition of the work:
His help was invaluable in writing the work; but he was always most cautious in advising any alterations. Passages which seemed impossible even for his prodigious gifts were practised over and over again before any modifications were suggested, such was his respect for a composer's ideas.
[15]
Later years
[
edit
]
By 1945, Brain, at 24 years of age, was the most sought-after horn player in England.
[16]
His father injured himself in a fall, and retired from the BBC Symphony Orchestra, although he remained professor at the RAM until his death ten years later.
[2]
After the war, Legge and
Sir Thomas Beecham
founded the
Philharmonia
and the Royal Philharmonic orchestras, respectively.
[10]
Brain was principal horn in both, playing for Beecham alongside the woodwind players dubbed "the Royal Family" ?
Jack Brymer
(clarinet),
Gwydion Brooke
(bassoon),
Terence MacDonagh
(oboe), and
Gerald Jackson
(flute).
[17]
Later, he found that he did not have enough time to fill both positions and resigned from the Royal Philharmonic.
[1]
Brain originally played a French instrument, a Raoux piston-valve horn, similar to that used by his father.
[18]
This type of instrument has a particularly fluid tone and a fine legato, but a less robust sound than the German-made instruments which were becoming common. In 1951 he switched to an
Alexander
single B
♭
instrument. It had a custom lead pipe which was narrower than the usual, and offered a sound which, if not comparable to the Raoux, at least gave a nod in the direction of the lighter French instrument.
[19]
Pursuing his interest in
chamber music
, Brain formed a
wind quintet
with his brother in 1946.
[1]
He also established a trio with the pianist Wilfrid Parry and violinist
Jean Pougnet
.
[20]
Briefly, Brain put together a chamber ensemble consisting of his friends so that he could conduct.
[21]
From 1945 he played with
Karl Haas
's London Baroque Ensemble, both on recordings and in concert.
[22]
Showing his humorous style, Brain performed a
Leopold Mozart
horn concerto on a rubber hose pipe at a
Gerard Hoffnung
music festival in 1956, trimming the hose with garden shears to achieve the correct tuning.
[23]
In November 1953, under the direction of
Herbert von Karajan
, and accompanied by the Philharmonia, Brain recorded the four Mozart Horn Concertos for Columbia.
[24]
In the same month, together with
Sidney Sutcliffe
(oboe),
Bernard Walton
(clarinet) and
Cecil James
(bassoon), he recorded Mozart's
Sinfonia Concertante for Four Winds
.
[25]
In July 1954, again conducted by Karajan, Brain played the organ part in a recording of the Easter hymn from
Pietro Mascagni
's
Cavalleria rusticana
.
[26]
With Sutcliffe, Walton, James and the pianist
Walter Gieseking
he recorded Mozart's
Quintet for Piano and Winds
, K452, in April 1955.
[24]
Of Brain's other recordings, Legge singled out his playing in the four
Brahms
Symphonies conducted by
Otto Klemperer
, Mozart's
B flat Divertimento
with Karajan and
Strauss's
Der Rosenkavalier
, "the horn-player's opera
par excellence
!"
[10]
Brain was a keen motorist. His brother called him "the finest driver I have ever ridden with". Barringer writes that Brain bought
… a series of increasingly fast cars, a passion that he shared with the conductor Herbert von Karajan. A copy of the magazine
Autocar
was spotted on his music stand as he recorded the Mozart horn concertos, playing from memory. This enthusiasm led to tragedy.
[1]
On 1 September 1957, at the age of 36, Brain was killed driving home to London after performing the
Tchaikovsky
Symphony No. 6,
Pathetique
with the Philharmonia under
Eugene Ormandy
at the
Edinburgh Festival
.
[27]
He had driven his
Triumph TR2
sports car off the road and into a tree on the A1 road opposite the north gate of the
De Havilland Aircraft factory
at Hatfield.
Brain was interred at
Hampstead Cemetery
in London. His headstone is engraved with a passage from the "Declamation" section of
Hindemith's
Horn Concerto:
My call transforms
The hall to autumn-tinted groves
What is into what
Has been...
[28]
One of Brain's favourite horns (by Alexander of Mainz: a single B-flat horn with an F extension as a tuning slide) was badly damaged in his fatal crash. It has since been restored by Paxman Brothers of London and is on public display in the York Gate Collections at the RAM.
[29]
New works and commemorations
[
edit
]
As well as the Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings, Britten wrote
Canticle III:
Still falls the rain
with Brain in mind; Brain and Pears, accompanied by the composer, gave the first performance at a concert in 1955 in which Brain also premiered two pieces by
Alan Bush
.
[30]
Other composers who wrote for Brain were
Malcolm Arnold
(Horn Concerto No. 2),
[31]
Lennox Berkeley
(
Trio for Horn, Violin and Piano
),
[32]
York Bowen
(Concerto for Horn, Strings and Timpani),
[33]
Hindemith
(Concerto for Horn and Orchestra),
[34]
Gordon Jacob
(
Concerto for Horn and String Orchestra
),
[35]
Elisabeth Lutyens
(Horn Concerto),
[35]
Humphrey Searle
(
Aubade
for Horn and Strings),
[36]
Matyas Seiber
(
Notturno
for Horn and Strings),
[37]
and
Ernest Tomlinson
(
Rhapsody and Rondo
for Horn and Orchestra,
Romance and Rondo
for Horn and Orchestra).
[38]
Francis Poulenc
wrote
Elegie for Horn and Piano
to commemorate Brain's death. It was premiered by the BBC in a broadcast on 17 February 1958, played by
Neill Sanders
with Poulenc at the piano.
[39]
In its obituary notice,
The Times
said of Brain:
The traditional uncertainties of the instrument never seemed to have occasioned a fluffed note from him and no technical difficulties ever appeared to cause him the slightest apprehension. He professed to have no nerves, though his playing lacked nothing in musical sensitiveness, but insensitiveness to risk seems to have exacted a heavy price and English music will be poorer by the loss of so brilliant an executant at the early age of 36.
[31]
Notes, references and sources
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Barringer, Tim.
"Brain, Dennis (1921?1957)"
Archived
2021-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
,
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
, Oxford University Press, 2011. Retrieved 12 June 2021
(subscription or
UK public library membership
required)
- ^
a
b
Morley-Pegge, Reginald, and Niall O'Loughlin.
"Brain family"
,
Grove Music Online
, Oxford University Press, 2001. Retrieved 14 June 2021
(subscription required)
Archived
4 June 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
a
b
Gamble and Lynch, p. 1
- ^
Waymark Peter. "Celebration to mark RPO's first concert",
The Times
, 15 September 1971, p. 17
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 2
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, pp. 3 and 6
- ^
Quoted
in Gamble and Lynch, p. 8
- ^
"Recitals of the Week",
The Times
, 4 November 1938, p. 12
- ^
"Tuesday National"
Archived
2021-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
,
Radio Times
, 26 February 1939, p. 38
- ^
a
b
c
d
Legge, Walter
.
"Dennis Brain"
Archived
2021-05-19 at the
Wayback Machine
,
The Gramophone
, November 1957. Retrieved 12 June 2021
- ^
"Obituary: Cecil James"
Archived
2021-02-18 at the
Wayback Machine
,
The Independent
, 23 October 2011
- ^
"Dennis Brain"
Archived
2021-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
, BBC Genome; and
"BBC Orchestra"
Archived
2021-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
,
Radio Times
, 13 September 1942, p. 14. Retrieved 12 June 2021
- ^
Britten, Benjamin.
"Dennis Brain (1921?1957)"
,
Tempo
, Winter 1957?58, pp. 5?6
(subscription required)
"Archived copy"
. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021
. Retrieved
14 June
2021
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
)
- ^
Lewis, Geraint.
"Britten's Serenade for Tenor, Horn and Strings"
,
Gramophone
, October 2020, pp. 94?97
- ^
Britten, Benjamin.
"Dennis Brain (1921?1957)"
,
Tempo
, Winter 1957?58, pp. 5?6
(subscription required)
"Archived copy"
. Archived from the original on 12 June 2021
. Retrieved
14 June
2021
.
{{
cite web
}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
link
) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
link
)
- ^
"Dennis Brain (1921?1957) ? IHS Online"
.
Hornsociety.org
.
Archived
from the original on 2 February 2019
. Retrieved
9 October
2015
.
- ^
Melville-Mason, Graham.
"Gwydion Brooke ? Bassoonist in Sir Thomas Beecham's 'Royal Family'"
Archived
2015-09-30 at the
Wayback Machine
,
The Independent
, 5 April 2005
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 190
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, pp. 189 and 195?198
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, pp. 219?220
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 45
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 18
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 232
- ^
a
b
Notes to Naxos Historical CD set 8.111070
OCLC
299065894
- ^
Schwarzkopf, p. 271
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 83
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 221
- ^
Foreman, p. 114
- ^
"Horn by Gebruder Alexander, c.1950. Owned and played by Dennis Brain"
Archived
2021-05-19 at the
Wayback Machine
, Royal Academy of Music. Retrieved 14 June 2021
- ^
"A Memorial Concert",
The Times
, 29 January 1955, p. 8
- ^
a
b
"Mr Dennis Brain: A Renowned Horn Player",
The Times
, 2 September 1957, p. 10
- ^
Redding, Joan, and Peter Dickinson.
"Berkeley, Sir Lennox
",
Grove Music Online
, Oxford University Press, 2001. Retrieved 14 June 2021
(subscription required)
Archived
5 June 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 177
- ^
Meucci, Renato, and Gabriele Rocchetti.
"Horn"
,
Grove Music Online
, Oxford University Press, 2001. Retrieved 14 June 2021
(subscription required)
Archived
4 February 2021 at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
a
b
Mitchell, Donald.
"Dennis Brain"
Archived
2021-06-14 at the
Wayback Machine
,
Tempo
, New Series, no. 45 (1957), pp. 16?17. Retrieved 14 June 2021
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 186
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 173
- ^
Gamble and Lynch, p. 180
- ^
"Poulenc's Elegy for Dennis Brain",
The Times
, 8 February 1958, p. 3
Sources
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