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Dealbanisation

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Dealbanisation ( Albanian : de-shqiptarizim ) is a term used in historiographical and political discourse as the process of denationalisation of Albanians which was initiated by the Kingdom of Serbia after the annexation of Kosovo in 1912. [1] The process continued to 1918 and was adopted by the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes against the Albanian populations of Kosovo between 1918 and 1938. [2] The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes resisted the Kachak movement and used Serbo-Montenegrin colonisers in an attempt to "de-albanize" areas inhabited by Albanians. [3] There is an integration process among Albanian immigrants in Greece that can be perhaps termed as 'de-albanisation'. [4]

During the disintegration of Yugoslavia, the term entered again in political discourse. [5] In 1989, Rugova opposed the "de-albanization" of Kosovo. [6] In 1992, the Serbian Radical Party recommended that Kosovo be "de-albanized". [7] After the riots in Kosovo, Slobodan Milo?evi? implemented a policy of "dealbanization" similar to those in 1918. [8] [9] In political discourse in Serbia, the call for dealbanizacija as it became an unrealistic goal after the Kosovo War gave way to a more pragmatic - as viewed from the Serbian perspective - call for federalizacija (the political attempt to keep Kosovo Albanians within a Serbia with broad autonomy) across the political spectrum. [10]

In Albanian historiography the term is also used in order to refer to the process of "dealbanization" of Albanian historical figures in Balkan historiography. [11]

In post-Yugoslav countries with significant Albanian minorities, the term is used in a form which alludes to the ethnic slur ?iptar , de?iptarizacija , as a nationalist slogan directed against Albanian communities. The ultras of FK Vardar , one of the biggest clubs in North Macedonia have frequently unveiled a banner with the call for de?iptarizacija during the club's football matches. In 2017, such an incident was followed by an attack against Albanian youngsters who were walking outside the stadium. [12]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Duclos, Nathalie (2008). Une societe multiethnique au Kosovo ? Heurts et malheurs du protectorat international face a l'antagonisme des memoires serbe et albanaise (Ainsi les Serbes sont-ils consideres comme des usurpateurs, voire des occupants, en particulier lorsque les politiques serbes se font autoritaires. Ce fut notamment le cas apres la chute de l’Empire Ottoman et la proclamation du Royaume des Serbes, des Croates et des Slovenes, lorsque cet Etat centraliste mit en oeuvre au Kosovo une politique de "desalbanisation". (So Serbs are seen as usurpers, even occupiers, especially when Serbian policies are authoritarian. This was particularly the case after the fall of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, when this centralist state implemented in Kosovo a policy of "desalbanization".) ed.). p. 138.
  2. ^ Le Kosovo, un Etat sans Etat. Chronologie et reperes historiques (in French) (Encore sous la coupe de l’Empire ottoman en 1912, le Kosovo est ≪ rendu ≫ a la Serbie a la suite des deux guerres balkaniques de 1912 et 1913. L’Albanie obtient quant a elle son independance, mais selon des frontieres qui laissent 60% des Albanais en dehors de l’Albanie. A la suite de la Premiere Guerre mondiale, se creee le Royaume des Serbes, Croates et Slovenes (les peuples slaves des Balkans). Chasses de la Serbie et constraints de se refugier au Kosovo lors de l’independance de 1978, les Albanais seront une nouvelle fois invites a quitter les lieux en raison d’une politique de ≪ desalbanisation ≫ du Royaume des Slaves. ed.). 25 June 2015 . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  3. ^ Janji?, Du?an; Maliqi, Shkelzen (1994). "Sukob ili dijalog: Srpsko-albanski odnosi i integracija Balkana : zbornik radova" . Evropski Građanski Centar Za Re?avanje Konflikata : 251.
  4. ^ Pechoux, Pierre-Yves (2003). "La frontiere albanaise de la Grece : segregation nationalitaire ou complementarite balkanique (The albanian border of Greece : from ethnic segregation to regional complementing)" . Bulletin de l'Association de Geographes Francais . 80 (2) (Finally, several seem already fixed, in the course of integration, perhaps of "desalbanization": installed in family, they rent modest accommodation, send their children to school, practice Greek well, have an unmistakable professional qualification or more, because they are often multi-active: gardener, ironer, diver, assistant cook ... depending on their employers and the moments of their long day, like this household of Wallachian origin encountered in the fall of 2001 in Parga and who does not plan to return to southern Albania. (Enfin, plusieurs semblent deja fixes, en cours d'integration, peut etre de ≪desalbanisation≫: installes en famille, ils louent des logements modestes, envoient leurs enfants a l'ecole, pratiquent bien le grec, disposent d'une qualification professionnelle indubitable ou de plusieurs, car ils sont souvent pluriactifs : jardinier, repasseuse, plongeur, aide cuisiniere... suivant leurs employeurs et les moments de leur longue journee, a l'instar de ce menage d'origine valaque rencontre a l'automne 2001 a Parga et qui n'envisage pas de retourner en Albanie meridionale.) ed.): 172. doi : 10.3406/bagf.2003.2322 . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  5. ^ Roux, Michel (1992). Les Albanais en Yougoslavie: Minorite nationale, territoire et developpement . Les Editions de la MSH. ISBN   2735104540 .
  6. ^ Troebst, Stefan (1998). Conflict in Kosovo: Failure of Prevention?: An Analytical Documentation, 1992 - 1998 . European Centre for Minority Issues. p. 8. ISBN   978-3-88242-301-3 . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  7. ^ Roux, Michelle (1999). 2 - Pourquoi les Serbes considerent-ils le Kosovo comme le berceau de leur nation, alors que les Albanais y sont majoritaires ? . Sur le vif (In the meantime, the Serbian Radical Party, in its 1992 program, had recommended the desalbanization of border regions, and the band leader ... ed.). La Decouverte. pp. 17?26. ISBN   978-2-7071-3138-6 . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  8. ^ LECRIVAIN, MEMBRE DE UN'ESSEC, JEAN-SAMUEL (2013). "Kosovo : la violence s'invite aux elections locales" . Le Journal International - Archives (in French). No. Ironie tragique de l’histoire alors qu’a l’issue de la Premiere Guerre mondiale, le Royaume des Serbes, des Croates et des Slovenes s’etait lance dans une intense ≪ desalbanisation ≫ de la region. Tragically ironic in history when, after the First World War, the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes embarked on an intense "desalbanization" of the region. Le Journal International. Le Journal International . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  9. ^ Compte rendu. Conseil de l'Europe : assemblee parlementaire : des debats: Seances 9 a 16 (in French). Council of Europe. 1999. p. 436. ISBN   978-92-871-4038-8 . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  10. ^ Hajrullahu, Arben (2007). Dugoro?ni mir na Balkanu kroz integracije u EU (PDF) . Konrad Adenauer Stiftung. p. 191. ISBN   978-9951-8871-4-4 .
  11. ^ Ekkehard, Kraft (2009). Le pere fissure des Albanais (in French) (Cette pretendue ≪ desalbanisation ≫ du pere de Skanderbeg fut d'ailleurs le principal theme du debat sur Internet. Schmitt ne conteste pourtant a aucun moment ... (This so-called "desalbanization" of Skanderbeg's father was, moreover, the main theme of the debate on the Internet. Schmitt does not dispute at any time ...) ed.) . Retrieved 25 April 2020 .
  12. ^ "Pasi kerkuan "deshqiptarizim", Komitet tentuan edhe ti rrahin te rinjte shqiptar" . Fol Media Agency. 26 February 2017.
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