Administrative region of the Philippines
Region in Mindanao, Philippines
Davao
|
---|
|
Clockwise from the top
: Davao City aerial view,
Mount Apo
,
Pujada Bay
,
Aliwagwag Protected Landscape
,
Tagum
|
Nickname:
Cacao Capital of the Philippines
[1]
|
Anthem:
Pinanggang Yuta
(Beloved Land)
|
Location in the Philippines
|
|
Coordinates:
7°05′N
125°35′E
/
7.08°N 125.58°E
/
7.08; 125.58
|
Country
| Philippines
|
---|
Island group
| Mindanao
|
---|
Regional center
and largest city
| Davao City
|
---|
|
? Total
| 20,357.42 km
2
(7,860.04 sq mi)
|
---|
Highest elevation
| 2,954 m (9,692 ft)
|
---|
|
? Total
| 5,243,536
|
---|
? Density
| 260/km
2
(670/sq mi)
|
---|
Demonym
| Davaoeno
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC+8
(
PST
)
|
---|
ISO 3166 code
| PH-11
|
---|
Provinces
| |
---|
Cities
| |
---|
Municipalities
| 43
|
---|
Barangays
| 1162
|
---|
Cong. districts
| 11
|
---|
Languages
| |
---|
GDP
(2023)
| ?
1.26 trillion
$
22.56 billion
[3]
|
---|
Growth rate
| (6.7%)
[3]
|
---|
HDI
| 0.697 (
Medium
)
|
---|
HDI rank
| 10th in the Philippines
(2019)
|
---|
Davao Region
, formerly called
Southern Mindanao
(
Cebuano
:
Rehiyon sa Dabaw
;
Filipino
:
Rehiyon ng Davao
), is an
administrative region in the Philippines
, designated as
Region XI
.
[4]
It is situated at the southeastern portion of
Mindanao
and comprises five
provinces
:
Davao de Oro
,
Davao del Norte
,
Davao del Sur
,
Davao Oriental
, and
Davao Occidental
.
The region encloses
Davao Gulf
, and its regional center is
Davao City
.
Davao
is the
Hispanicized pronunciation
of
daba-daba
, the Bagobo word for "fire".
Etymology
[
edit
]
Many historians believe that the name
Davao
is the mixture of the three names that three different tribes, the earliest settlers in the region, had for the
Davao River
. The
Manobos
, an aboriginal tribe, referred to the Davao Rivers as
Davohoho
. Another tribe, the
Bagobos
, referred to the river as
Davohaha
, which means "fire", while another tribe, the Guiangan tribe, called the river as
Duhwow
.
History
[
edit
]
The history of the region dates back to the times when various tribes occupied the region. It is believed that the
Manobos
,
Mandayas
,
Kalagans
,
Mansakas
, and Bagobos occupied the area. These are the same tribes that created the small settlements and communities that eventually became Mindanao.
Maguindanao era
[
edit
]
The Davao Region was once part of
Sultanate of Maguindanao
and was called "Pinagurasan" by the
Maguindanaons
. Early settlers of the region were
Maguindanaons
and the
Tausugs
under the
Sultanate of Sulu
.
Datu Bago
was one of the Datus in Davao Gulf who resisted the
Spanish Empire
colonization on the region.
First European contact
[
edit
]
The
Davao Gulf
area was the first region in the country that was in contact with the Europeans, with such contacts taking place as early as 16th century. The Portuguese preceded the Spaniards, who were the ones to colonize the region albeit much later, in sighting and visiting the region. In 1512, Francisco Serrano was shipwrecked in the shallow waters and coral reefs of Cape of San Agustin, located in what is now the province of Davao Oriental. In 1538, Francisco de Castro, a Portuguese ship captain, was driven by strong winds to the southeastern coast of Mindanao. He baptized several chieftains in the area.
Around January 1546,
Francis Xavier
, a
Jesuit
priest, left Malacca and went to
Molucca Islands
, then called the Spice Islands, where the Portuguese had some settlements, and for a year and a half he preached the Gospel to the inhabitants of Amboyna, Ternate, Baranura, and other lesser islands. It is claimed by some
[
who?
]
that during this expedition he landed on the island of Mindanao, which is confirmed by some writers
[
who?
]
of the seventeenth century, and in the Bull of canonization issued in 1623. It is also said that he is the one to have preached the Gospel in Mindanao.
Spanish administration
[
edit
]
For centuries the tribes lived in relative peace until the Spanish, under the adventurous
Spanish
businessman Don Jose Oyanguren, arrived in the region in 1847. At that time, the Kalagan Moro chieftain Datu Bago was in control of the area in what is now Davao City. Don Oyanguren attempted to conquer the area which Datu Bago ruled; although he failed at first, the Moro chieftain eventually evacuated his people to live in the areas near
Mount Apo
. This is the time the town of
Davao
, then called Nueva Vergara by the Spaniards, was established in the year 1848.
Don Oyanguren attempted to develop the region. Although the Spanish gained the upper hand when they finally controlled the ports of the region, the population of Davao grew very slowly until the arrival of
Christian missionaries
in the area in 1890. Unlike the major parts of
Luzon
,
Visayas
and other coastal parts of
Mindanao
, Spanish rule in Davao lasted only for 50 years, abandoning it in 1898 when the Philippines became independent from Spain, making it among the shortest-lived areas controled by Spain.
American administration
[
edit
]
After the
Spanish?American War
in 1898,
Spanish rule in the region
ended. Americans then landed in the region and they subsequently developed the regions communications and transportation systems. During this period, private farm ownership grew in the region.
Japanese
migration in the region began as two Japanese entrepreneurs,
Kyosaburo Ohta
and
Yoshizo Furukawa
, were finding better agricultural lands for building
abaca
and
coconut
plantations in the region. The
Port of Davao
was opened on 1900, becoming the first Philippine international port to be established in the south.
In 1903 until 1914, the region was one of the districts of the former
Moro Province
in Mindanao. After 1914, the province was replaced by an American colonial agency called
Department of Mindanao and Sulu
, which spanned the entire Mindanao island except Lanao. The agency lasted from 1914 to 1920.
Wartime Japanese occupation
[
edit
]
In 1942, during
World War II
, as the
Japanese occupation of the Philippines
began, the region was one of the first among the Philippine regions to be subjected by Japanese occupation. The Japanese immigrants in Davao acted as a
fifth column
, welcoming the Japanese invaders during World War II. These Japanese were hated by the Moro Muslims and disliked by the Chinese.
[5]
[6]
The Moros were judged as
"fully capable of dealing with Japanese fifth columnists and invaders alike."
[7]
The Moros were to fight the Japanese invaders when they landed at Davao on Mindanao.
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
The Japanese went back to their ships at night to sleep since the Moros struck so much fear into them, even though the Moros were outnumbered by the Japanese.
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
The longest battle of the
Allied liberation campaign
, the
Battle of Davao
, took place in 1945. After the war, the region eventually passed to the American hands again for at least almost one year before the formal Philippine independence on July 4, 1946, most of the Japanese living in the region were now integrated in the
Filipino population
.
Philippine administration
[
edit
]
Davao province
[
edit
]
Prior to Philippine independence in 1946, the entire region was a single province called
Davao Province
, with
Davao City
serving as its capital. The province was one of the largest provinces in the Philippines during that time, spanning more than 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi). It lasted from 1920 until 1967, when the province was split into three provinces in May 1967:
Davao del Norte
,
Davao del Sur
and
Davao Oriental
.
[21]
After the division, Davao City was officially named its regional center.
Southern Mindanao and Davao Region
[
edit
]
Region XI, then known as
Southern Mindanao
, originally covered 6 provinces (
Compostela Valley
,
Davao del Norte
,
Davao del Sur
,
Davao Oriental
,
South Cotabato
and
Sarangani
), and the cities of
Davao
,
Digos
,
Panabo
,
Tagum
,
Samal
,
General Santos
and
Koronadal
.
[22]
Surigao del Sur
was moved to the newly created region
Caraga
on February 23, 1995.
In September 2001,
Executive Order No. 36
was enacted which reorganized the regions in Mindanao.
Region XI
, then known as
Southern Mindanao
, was renamed
Davao Region
, and the provinces of South Cotabato and Sarangani, and the cities of General Santos and Koronadal were moved to
Region XII
.
[22]
[23]
On October 12, 2022, the Regional Peace and Order Council declared the entire region "insurgency-free" after decades of being a stronghold for the
communist insurgency
, barring some scattered members of the
New People's Army
that are left in the region.
[24]
Administrative divisions
[
edit
]
Provinces
[
edit
]
Davao Region is subdivided into 5
provinces
, 1
highly urbanized
city
, 5
component
cities, 43
municipalities
and 1,162
barangays
.
Province
or
HUC
|
Capital
|
Population
(2015)
[25]
|
Area
[26]
[27]
|
Density
|
Cities
|
Muni.
|
Barangay
|
|
|
|
km
2
|
sq mi
|
/km
2
|
/sq mi
|
|
|
|
Davao de Oro
|
Nabunturan
|
15.0%
|
736,107
|
4,479.77
|
1,729.65
|
160
|
410
|
0
|
11
|
237
|
Davao del Norte
|
Tagum
|
20.8%
|
1,016,332
|
3,426.97
|
1,323.16
|
300
|
780
|
3
|
8
|
223
|
Davao del Sur
|
Digos City
|
12.9%
|
632,588
|
2,163.98
|
835.52
|
290
|
750
|
1
|
9
|
232
|
Davao Occidental
|
Malita
|
6.5%
|
316,342
|
2,163.45
|
835.31
[28]
|
150
|
390
|
0
|
5
|
105
|
Davao Oriental
|
Mati
|
11.4%
|
558,958
|
5,679.64
|
2,192.92
|
98
|
250
|
1
|
10
|
183
|
Davao City
|
†
|
?
|
33.4%
|
1,632,991
|
2,443.61
|
943.48
|
670
|
1,700
|
?
|
?
|
182
|
Total
|
4,893,318
|
20,433.38
|
7,889.37
|
240
|
620
|
6
|
43
|
1,162
|
†
Davao City
is a
highly urbanized city
; figures are excluded from
Davao del Sur
.
|
Governors and vice governors
[
edit
]
Cities
[
edit
]
City
|
Population
(2015)
[25]
|
Area
[27]
|
Density
|
Founding year
|
City class
|
Income class
|
Province
|
|
|
km
2
|
sq mi
|
/km
2
|
/sq mi
|
|
|
|
|
†
Davao City
|
1,632,991
|
2,443.61
|
943.48
|
670
|
1,700
|
1848 (cityhood: 1936)
|
Highly urbanized city
|
1st
|
Davao del Sur
|
Digos
|
169,393
|
287.10
|
110.85
|
590
|
1,500
|
1949 (cityhood: 2000)
|
Component
|
2nd
|
Davao del Sur
|
Mati
|
141,141
|
588.63
|
227.27
|
240
|
620
|
1861 (cityhood: 2007)
|
5th
|
Davao Oriental
|
Panabo
|
184,599
|
251.23
|
97.00
|
730
|
1,900
|
1949 (cityhood: 2001)
|
3rd
|
Davao del Norte
|
Samal
|
104,123
|
301.30
|
116.33
|
350
|
910
|
1948 (cityhood: 1998)
|
4th
|
Davao del Norte
|
Tagum
|
259,444
|
195.80
|
75.60
|
1,300
|
3,400
|
1941 (cityhood: 1998)
|
1st
|
Davao del Norte
|
Climate
[
edit
]
The region has a generally uniform distribution of rainfall through the year. It lies outside the typhoon belt.
Demographics
[
edit
]
Population census of Davao Region
Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1903
| 65,463
| ?
|
---|
1918
| 108,222
| +3.41%
|
---|
1939
| 292,600
| +4.85%
|
---|
1948
| 364,854
| +2.48%
|
---|
1960
| 893,023
| +7.74%
|
---|
1970
| 1,475,936
| +5.15%
|
---|
1975
| 1,825,386
| +4.35%
|
---|
1980
| 2,198,683
| +3.79%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1990
| 2,933,743
| +2.93%
|
---|
1995
| 3,288,824
| +2.16%
|
---|
2000
| 3,676,163
| +2.42%
|
---|
2007
| 4,159,469
| +1.72%
|
---|
2010
| 4,468,563
| +2.64%
|
---|
2015
| 4,893,318
| +1.74%
|
---|
2020
| 5,243,536
| +1.37%
|
---|
|
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority
[2]
[25]
[29]
|
Davao Region is the most populous region in Mindanao and the 7th most populous in the country, with a total of 5,243,536 inhabitants in 2020. Davao City, its regional capital, is also the largest city in Mindanao, with an area of 2,444 km
2
, the largest in the country and one of the largest in the world, and has 1,632,991 inhabitants in 2015, making it the third most populous city in the country and the most populous city proper in the entire
Visayas
-Mindanao region.
Davao Metropolitan Area
, the primary economic and urban build-up area in the region, is also the most populous in the island and the third most populous in the country, with about 2,274,913 inhabitants in that year.
Most of the region's inhabitants speak
Cebuano
.
Filipino
and
English
are also spoken and widely used in schools, businesses, commerce, and industry. In the Davao City Metro Area, a linguistic phenomenon has developed whereby locals have either
shifted
to Filipino or significantly mix Filipino terms and grammar into their Cebuano speech. Minority indigenous groups of the region speak their own languages as well.
Chinese
immigrants are widespread in the region, with a considerable population based in
Davao City
.
Davao Chinatown
is one of the two defined Chinatowns in the Philippines, alongside
Binondo
in Manila. A considerable population of
Japanese
are also found in the region, most of them also located in Davao City. Before World War II, Davao was and still is heavily populated by Japanese immigrants and their descendants, with Davao City being touted at one point in its history as the
Little Tokyo
of the Philippines.
Religion
[
edit
]
The majority of the region's population are
Christians
, mostly
Catholics
(
73.29%); however, there are also
Muslims
(3.55%),
Buddhists
(
0.03%), and
Shintoists
living in the region.
[30]
Economy
[
edit
]
Poverty Incidence of Davao Region
While the region's economy is predominantly agri-based, it is now developing into a center for agro-industrial business, trade and tourism. Its competitive advantage is in agri-industry as its products, papayas, mangoes, bananas, pineapples, fresh asparagus, flowers, and fish products are exported internationally. The region can be a vital link to markets in other parts of Mindanao,
Brunei Darussalam
and parts of
Malaysia
and
Indonesia
. There is also a growing call center sector in the region, mostly centered in
Davao City
.
There is a gradual shift to industrialization as shown with industry's growth rate of 8.1% in 1996. Other economic activities are mining, fishery, forestry and agriculture. Due to the region's rise as the main commercial and industrial hub of Mindanao, many of its workers are oriented to urban services such as putting small-scale businesses and working in commercial industries in thriving urban areas like
Davao
,
Tagum
, and
Digos
. Both private and foreign investors and businessmen are putting up huge business centers in the region, fueling up its commercial growth rate.
The region is also venturing to online business like
outsourcing
.
Ports and airport
[
edit
]
The region's principal ports are the Sasa International Seaport in Sasa and Santa Ana Pier in the Chinatown District, both in Davao City; Panabo Seaport in Davao del Norte; and Mati Seaport in Davao Oriental. The former two, both of which are located in
Port of Davao
in Davao City, can service both interisland and international shipments. Sasa International Container Port, also located in the Port of Davao, is the busiest in Mindanao.
The international airport in Davao City,
Francisco Bangoy International Airport
, is the largest and most developed in Mindanao, has the first longest runway in the island, and the third busiest in the country, after
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
and
Mactan?Cebu International Airport
. Being the only airport in the island that is currently catering for international destinations, it can handle both domestic and international flights, serving several domestic flights to
Manila
,
Cebu
,
Bacolod
,
Iloilo
,
Zamboanga
and other major Philippine cities, and international flights to
Doha
,
Hong Kong
,
Manado
,
Quanzhou
, and
Singapore
. Its
ATC Tower
is the most advanced in the country.
The region is accessible by land, air and sea. The region has adequate communications facilities, reliable power, and an abundant water supply.
In December 2016,
President Duterte
helped enter a contract with Chinese investors to create a new port in the region of Isla Verde in Davao.
[39]
This involves the creation of three
artificial islands
by a set of Chinese companies including CCCC Dredging Group Co. Ltd for $200 million.
[40]
Government
[
edit
]
Legislators to the House of Representatives for Region 11
[
edit
]
Provincial governors and city mayors
[
edit
]
Education
[
edit
]
The government provides free education at the primary (grade school) and secondary (high school) levels. Some state-run universities in the region are the
University of the Philippines Mindanao
and the
University of Southeastern Philippines
. Private colleges / universities in Davao include
Ateneo de Davao University
,
Assumption College of Davao
,
Holy Cross of Davao College
,
Holy Child College of Davao
, and
University of the Immaculate Conception
. The literacy rate of the country is 93.9%; Davao City has a literacy rate of 98.05%.
[
citation needed
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Republic Act No. 11547, AN ACT DECLARING THE CITY OF DAVAO AS THE CHOCOLATE CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES AND THE ENTIRE REGION X1 (DAVAO REGION) AS THE CACAO CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES"
(PDF)
. Official Gazette
. Retrieved
May 27,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
Census of Population (2020).
"Region XI (Davao Region)"
.
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay
.
Philippine Statistics Authority
. Retrieved
July 8,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
"2021 to 2023 Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP)"
.
openstat.psa.gov.ph
. Philippine Statistics Authority
. Retrieved
April 26,
2024
.
- ^
List of Regions
Archived
October 13, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
, [National Statistical Coordination Board].
- ^
Curtis 1942
, p. 4.
- ^
CURTIS 1942
, p. 4.
- ^
"80 Japanese Troop Ships Are Sighted Off Luzon" 1941
, p. 7.
- ^
AP 1941
, p. 1.
- ^
"SITUATION AT DAVAO OBSCURE AS JAPS LAND" 1941
, p. 2.
- ^
"THE JAPS SWARM AT DAVAO BUT THE SITUATION OBSCURE" 1941
, p. 3.
- ^
"Six Japanese Bombers In New Raid On Manila" 1941
, p. 13.
- ^
THE NEW YORK TIMES 1941
, p. 1.
- ^
"Large Force Is Attacking" 1941
, p. 58.
- ^
LEE 1942
, p. 8.
- ^
LEE 1942
, p. 1.
- ^
LEE 1942
, p. 7.
- ^
LEE 1942
, p. 9.
- ^
Lee 1942
, p. 2.
- ^
Lee 1942
, p. 25.
- ^
Lee 1942
, p. 4.
- ^
"Republic Act No. 4867 - An Act Creating the Provinces of Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental"
.
Chan Robles Virtual Law Library
. May 8, 1967
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
- ^
a
b
"Southern Mindanao Is Now All Davao Region"
.
RDC XI Bulletin
. No. Oct-Dec 2001, Volume 7. National Statistical Coordination Board. January 29, 2002. Archived from
the original
on January 2, 2016
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
Southern Mindanao or Region XI is now known as Davao Region and comprises of four provinces (Compostela Valley, Davao del Norte, Davao del Sur and Davao Oriental) and five cities (Davao, Digos, Panabo, Tagum and the Island Garden City of Samal. Said provinces and cities are situated along the Davao Gulf area. South Cotabato, Sarangani, General Santos City (Socsksargen) and Koronadal City, which were part of the old Region XI) have been transferred to Region XII.
- ^
"Executive Order No. 36; Providing for the Reorganization of the Administrative Regions in Mindanao and for Other Purposes"
.
Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines
. Malacanang, Manila, Philippines. September 19, 2001. Archived from
the original
on December 2, 2022
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
SECTION 3. Region XI is hereby reorganized to be known as Davao Region and shall be composed of the following provinces and cities: a. Provinces i. Compostela Valley ii. Davao del Norte iii. Davao del Sur iv. Davao Oriental b. Cities i. Davao City ii. Digos City iii. Panabo City iv. Island Garden City of Samal v. Tagum City
- ^
Zuasola, Ferdinand (October 13, 2022).
"Peace and order council declares Davao Region insurgency-free"
.
Rappler
.
Davao Oriental
, Philippines: Rappler Inc
. Retrieved
November 7,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
Census of Population (2015).
"Region XI (Davao Region)"
.
Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay
.
Philippine Statistics Authority
. Retrieved
June 20,
2016
.
- ^
"List of Provinces"
.
PSGC Interactive
. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Archived from
the original
on January 11, 2013
. Retrieved
April 15,
2014
.
- ^
a
b
"PSGC Interactive; List of Cities"
.
Philippine Statistics Authority
. Archived from
the original
on April 29, 2011
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
- ^
"Province: Davao Occidental"
.
Philippine Statistics Authority
. Archived from
the original
on March 16, 2016
. Retrieved
March 29,
2016
.
- ^
"Population and Annual Growth Rates for The Philippines and Its Regions, Provinces, and Highly Urbanized Cities"
(PDF)
.
2010 Census and Housing Population
. Philippine Statistics Authority. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on September 28, 2013
. Retrieved
August 12,
2013
.
- ^
"Religious Affiliation in the Philippines (2020 Census of Population and Housing) | Philippine Statistics Authority | Republic of the Philippines"
.
psa.gov.ph
. Retrieved
August 6,
2023
.
- ^
"Poverty incidence (PI):"
. Philippine Statistics Authority
. Retrieved
December 28,
2020
.
- ^
"Estimation of Local Poverty in the Philippines"
(PDF)
. Philippine Statistics Authority. November 29, 2005.
- ^
"2009 Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines"
(PDF)
. Philippine Statistics Authority. February 8, 2011.
- ^
"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"
. Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
- ^
"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"
. Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
- ^
"Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population, by Region and Province: 1991, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2015"
. Philippine Statistics Authority. August 27, 2016.
- ^
"Updated Annual Per Capita Poverty Threshold, Poverty Incidence and Magnitude of Poor Population with Measures of Precision, by Region and Province: 2015 and 2018"
. Philippine Statistics Authority. June 4, 2020.
- ^
"2021 Full Year Official Poverty Statistics of the Philippines"
(PDF)
. Philippine Statistics Authority. August 15, 2022
. Retrieved
April 28,
2024
.
- ^
"China uses island building skills to develop Duterte's backyard"
. Bloomberg news. December 21, 2016
. Retrieved
December 21,
2016
.
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"China's Island-Building Skills Lift Hopes in Duterte's Backyard"
. Yahoo news. December 21, 2016
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External links
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Regions adjacent to Davao Region
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