Chinese-American physicist
Daniel Chee Tsui
(
Chinese
:
崔琦
;
pinyin
:
Cu? Qi
, born February 28, 1939) is a Chinese-born American
physicist
. He is currently serving as the Professor of Electrical Engineering, emeritus, at
Princeton University
.
[1]
Tsui's areas of research include electrical properties of thin films and
microstructures
of
semiconductors
and
solid-state physics
.
Tsui won the
Nobel Prize in Physics
of 1998 with
Robert B. Laughlin
and
Horst L. Stormer
"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations."
[2]
Biography
[
edit
]
Tsui was born into a Chinese agricultural family with two illiterate parents in
Fanzhuang (Henan)
(
范庄
),
Baofeng
,
Henan
, China, on February 28, 1939. Born in the midst of
Second World War
, Tsui described his early childhood memories as being "filled with the years of drought, flood and war which were constantly on the consciousness of the inhabitants of my over-populated village."
[3]
In 1951, Tsui left for
Hong Kong
to attend
Pui Ching Middle School
in
Kowloon
, beginning his formal education at the level of sixth grade in his second year in Hong Kong. Tsui recalled facing difficulties due to his lack of familiarity with Cantonese dialect used.
Upon graduating in 1957, Tsui was admitted to the
National Taiwan University
Medical School, but due to uncertainties over whether he would be able to return to his family in China, he remained in Hong Kong to enroll in Special Classes Centre, a special two-year government program intended to prepare high school graduates for entrance into the
University of Hong Kong
. While preparing for the entrance examination to the University of Hong Kong in spring of 1958, Tsui was awarded a full scholarship to attend
Augustana College
, his church pastor's Lutheran
alma mater
in the
United States
. Accepting the scholarship, Tsui arrived at Augustana College just after
Labor Day
of 1958.
After spending three years at Augustana College, Tsui graduated
Phi Beta Kappa
in 1961 as the only student of Chinese descent in his college. Tsui continued his study in physics at
the University of Chicago
, from where he received his
Ph.D.
in physics in 1967 after completing a doctoral dissertation, titled "de Haas-van Alphen effect and electronic band structure of nickel", under the supervision of Royal Stark.
[4]
[5]
[6]
He remarked that due to the influence of prominent Chinese theoretical physicists and Nobel laureates
C. N. Yang
and
T. D. Lee
, both of whom studied at the University of Chicago, he had always knew that he wanted to pursue graduate studies in physics at the institution.
While a graduate student at the University of Chicago, Tsui met Linda Varland, who was an undergraduate student there at the time, and the two married after the latter's graduation. Tsui is a naturalized U.S. citizen. Tsui and Varland have two daughters, Aileen and Judith. Judith graduated
magna cum laude
from Princeton University with a B.A. in anthropology in 1991 and is now an associate professor of medicine at the
University of Washington School of Medicine
.
[7]
[8]
After receiving his Ph.D. and then remaining in Chicago for a year of postdoctoral research, Tsui joined the research staff at
Bell Laboratories
to perform research in solid state physics in 1968. At Bell Laboratories, instead of studying mainstream topics of interest in semiconductor physics such as optics and high energy band-structures or their applications in devices, Tsui devoted his attention to a new field called the physics of two-dimensional electrons.
Tsui and Stormer made the groundbreaking discovery of the
fractional quantum Hall effect
in 1982, while Laughlin provided a theoretical interpretation for the discovery the following year. This discovery will eventually be the reason of their winning of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physics.
Shortly after the discovery, Tsui departed from Bell Laboratories and joined the faculty of the department of electrical engineering and computer science at Princeton University with the support of two Nobel laureates in February 1982. After 28 years at Princeton, Tsui transferred to emeritus status in 2010.
He was also an adjunct senior research scientist in the physics department of
Columbia University
, and a research professor at
Boston University
.
[9]
[10]
Tsui is one of the 20 American recipients of the Nobel Prize in Physics to sign a letter addressed to President
George W. Bush
in May 2008, urging him to "reverse the damage done to basic science research in the Fiscal Year 2008 Omnibus Appropriations Bill" by requesting additional emergency funding for the
Department of Energy
’s
Office of Science
, the
National Science Foundation
, and the
National Institute of Standards and Technology
.
[11]
2022, Tsui is among only three of Chinese Nobel laureates who voiced their support for Ukraine.
[12]
[13]
Awards and honors
[
edit
]
- Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Prize
, 1984
[14]
- Fellow of the
American Physical Society
, elected 1985
[15]
- Member of the U.S.
National Academy of Sciences
, elected 1987
[16]
- Fellow of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science
, elected 1991
[17]
- Benjamin Franklin Medal
in Physics, 1998
- Nobel Prize in Physics
, 1998
- Member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
, elected 2000
[18]
- Member of the U.S.
National Academy of Engineering
, elected 2004
[19]
- Foreign Academician of the
Chinese Academy of Sciences
, elected 2000
[20]
- Academician of
Academia Sinica
, Taipei
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Daniel Chee Tsui | Dean of the Faculty"
.
Office of the Dean of the Faculty
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998"
.
NobelPrize.org
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998"
.
NobelPrize.org
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
Tsui, D. C. (1967).
de Haas-van Alphen effect and electronic band structure of nickel
(Thesis).
- ^
Wong, Cheuk-Yin; Lo, James Shui-ip; Lo, Shui-Yin (1999-09-01),
"An Open Letter to Daniel C. Tsui, from Royal W. Stark"
,
The Joy of the Search for Knowledge
, WORLD SCIENTIFIC, pp. 103?107,
doi
:
10.1142/9789812385284_0026
,
ISBN
978-981-02-4036-3
, retrieved
2020-05-29
- ^
Badge, Peter (2007-12-03).
Nobel Faces: A Gallery of Nobel Prize Winners
. John Wiley & Sons.
ISBN
978-3-527-40678-4
.
- ^
"Judith Tsui - CV"
(PDF)
.
- ^
"Judith Tsui, MD, MPH | Division of General Internal Medicine | University of Washington"
.
gim.uw.edu
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Nobel Laureates ≫ Office of the Provost | Boston University"
.
www.bu.edu
. Retrieved
2017-10-12
.
- ^
Sullivan, Lawrence R.; Liu, Nancy Y. (2015-03-19).
Historical Dictionary of Science and Technology in Modern China
. Rowman & Littlefield.
ISBN
9780810878556
.
- ^
"A Letter from America's Physics Nobel Laureates"
(PDF)
.
- ^
"Nobel Laureate Support for Ukraine"
. ukraine.html
. Retrieved
2023-03-30
.
- ^
"194位????得主?援?克? 中??有??人?名"
. rfa
. Retrieved
2023-03-30
.
- ^
"1984 Oliver E. Buckley Condensed Matter Physics Prize Recipient"
.
www.aps.org
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"APS Fellow Archive"
.
www.aps.org
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Daniel Tsui"
.
www.nasonline.org
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Elected Fellows"
.
American Association for the Advancement of Science
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Daniel C. Tsui"
.
American Academy of Arts & Sciences
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Dr. Daniel C. Tsui"
.
NAE Website
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
- ^
"Princeton Announcements (Jul-Dec 2000)"
.
www.princeton.edu
. Retrieved
2020-05-29
.
External links
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