National curriculum being introduced
The
Curriculum for Wales
is the curriculum which is being introduced in state-funded education in Wales for pupils aged three to sixteen years. The curriculum's rollout began in 2022. As of September 2023, it is statutorily required for all pupils apart from those in school years
9
,
10
and
11
. The curriculum has been developed based on a report commissioned in 2014. Amongst other changes, it gives schools greater autonomy over what they teach children. Views on the curriculum have been varied.
History
[
edit
]
Opening page of the Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Act 2021
In 2014, the
Welsh Government
commissioned Graham Donaldson, a professor at the
University of Glasgow
who had worked on reforms to
education in Scotland
, to conduct a report on reforming the curriculum in Wales.
[1]
The following year he recommended a variety of changes, including greater emphasis on computer skills, giving schools more control over what they taught and creating more of a sense of natural progression through school.
[2]
A few months later the
Welsh Education Minister
promised that the report would be implemented in full within eight years.
[3]
Although the curriculum was initially planned to begin being taught in 2021, it was later delayed until 2022.
[4]
[5]
The new system was planned to be introduced first for children in primary school and their first year of secondary school before being rolled out further as that age cohort progressed towards the end of their schooling, meaning that some students would still be using the old system until 2026.
[5]
Due to the
COVID-19 pandemic
schools were allowed to delay teaching the new curriculum in the first and second years of secondary school until 2023.
[6]
The legal basis for the new curriculum was established with the
Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Act 2021
.
[7]
Instruction
[
edit
]
The curriculum applies to all learners aged from three to sixteen in
maintained
or funded non-maintained nursery education.
[7]
The new curriculum is designed to include more emphasis on skills, experiences and areas such as "digital skills, adaptability and creativity" as well as knowledge.
[8]
[9]
The curriculum groups education into six "Areas of Learning and Experience", with the intention of helping teachers draw links between subjects and teach topics in a broad way, though traditional subjects will still be taught.
[8]
Within a basic framework of goals and learning areas, it give schools freedom to develop their own curriculum to suit the needs of their pupils.
[10]
Instruction is grouped into six different areas:
- Languages, Literacy and Communication
- Mathematics and Numeracy
- Science and Technology
- Health and Well-being
- Humanities
- Expressive Arts
[11]
The only specific subjects which all schools are obliged to teach are the English and Welsh languages along with:
- Literacy, numeracy and digital competence
- Religion, values and ethics
- Relationships and sexuality education
[12]
Other changes include a greater emphasis on the history of Wales
[13]
[14]
and ethnic minority groups,
[15]
which reports by
Estyn
in previous years suggested had often been poor,
[16]
and the removal of parents' right to opt out their children from sex education classes.
[17]
Assessment and progression
[
edit
]
One of Donaldson's initial recommendations for the new curriculum was that school should be made into more of a single "journey" for a child, rather than the way he argued pupils and teachers had previously seen the process as a series of shorter chunks. This could include, for instance, more cooperation between primary and secondary schools.
[18]
The key stages into which a child's time at school were previously broken are replaced with "progression steps" with guidance of what level pupils are expected to reach at different ages. These take place at age five, eight, eleven, fourteen and sixteen years old.
[19]
The standardised literary and numeracy tests which seven- to fourteen-year-old children had taken annually since 2013 were replaced in 2021 with personalised online assessments.
[20]
GCSEs
[
edit
]
GCSE
-aged students will be enrolled on the new curriculum in 2025 and 2026.
[5]
The intention is that school-leaving exams will be reformed to reflect the new structure.
[21]
Multiple qualifications in English, maths and science will be merged into one for each subject. New GCSEs will be created in subjects such as "engineering and manufacturing" and "film and digital media".
[22]
Response
[
edit
]
Surveys of teachers suggested that they broadly supported the changes being introduced. Journalists from the news website
Wales Online
spoke in 2022 to teachers and students at
Crickhowell High School
which had been using the new curriculum for several years. The children interviewed felt that the way the curriculum linked subjects together made their studies feel more relevant to them and improved their understanding. The staff also praised the new structure. The headteacher said that in her view,
[23]
Everything we do now we try to pull subjects together. I think it makes learners more confident and more aware of individual skills
... We went from a knowledge-based curriculum to a more interactive new curriculum. It's a structure that changes school ethos and culture
... Students now feel they have better relationships with their teachers and are more interactive with their learning. That's not to say they just want to do easy things. It's raised aspirations and expectations. What we need in 2022 is vastly different from what we needed 10 years ago.
Terry Mackie, an expert in Welsh education, criticised the draft of the curriculum published in 2019 as being overly vague, excessively focused on cultural issues and based on little research. He also noted the negative effect
a similar curriculum introduced in Scotland
had on results.
[24]
There were also concerns that grouping subjects into
faculties
could lead to a "dumbing down" of instruction and suggestions that the requirement for schools to develop their own curriculum was an unhelpful distraction.
[23]
[25]
Many teachers and schools believed that they were inadequately prepared to implement the new curriculum, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic.
[23]
The parents' group Public Child Protection Wales took legal action against the Welsh government over plans to make sex education compulsory at schools arguing that parents were being "denied their time-honoured right" to choose whether their children were taught the subject.
[26]
Their attempt to have the introduction of the new relationships and sex (RSE) curriculum temporarily stopped until the completion of a judicial review into the subject was declined by
High Court
Justice Tipples
on the grounds that "there is nothing in the claimants' evidence that any of the three children to whom RSE will be taught in the 2022/23 academic year will suffer any harm, yet alone any irreparable harm".
[27]
The group lost the judicial review on the new curriculum, which they saw as biased, with
Justice Steyn
stating that "teaching should be neutral from a religious perspective, but it is not required to be value neutral".
[28]
See also
[
edit
]
Other UK curricula
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"School curriculum and assessment review to be led by Graham Donaldson"
.
BBC News
. March 12, 2014.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 3,
2022
.
- ^
"Radical national curriculum overhaul proposed in Wales"
.
BBC News
. February 25, 2015.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
"School shake-up within eight years, says education minister"
.
BBC News
. June 10, 2015.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
"New curriculum set to be taught from 2021, says education minister"
.
BBC News
. October 22, 2015.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
"New Wales school curriculum overhaul delayed a year"
.
BBC News
. September 26, 2017.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
"Schools: Mandatory secondary curriculum pushed back to 2023"
.
BBC News
. July 6, 2021.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
"Curriculum and Assessment (Wales) Bill: Overview"
.
GOV.WALES
.
Archived
from the original on May 3, 2022
. Retrieved
May 3,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
"Education is changing"
.
GOV.WALES
.
Archived
from the original on May 3, 2022
. Retrieved
May 15,
2022
.
- ^
"Four nations, four sets of problems: How England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland differ on education"
.
The Times
. January 27, 2022.
ISSN
0140-0460
. Retrieved
November 26,
2022
.
In Wales a new curriculum is being introduced that aims to "prepare young people to thrive in a future where digital skills, adaptability and creativity, alongside knowledge, are crucial".
- ^
Lewis, Bethan (June 14, 2022).
"Wales schools: New lessons 'exciting but a challenge'
"
.
BBC News
.
Archived
from the original on June 13, 2022
. Retrieved
June 14,
2022
.
- ^
"A guide to the new Curriculum for Wales"
(PDF)
. Education Wales. February 14, 2022.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on February 18, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
"School curriculum overhaul for Wales published"
.
BBC News
. January 28, 2020.
Archived
from the original on May 31, 2022
. Retrieved
July 31,
2022
.
- ^
"Welsh history to be 'mandatory' part of new curriculum says Plaid-Labour cooperation agreement"
.
Nation.Cymru
. November 22, 2021.
Archived
from the original on August 21, 2022
. Retrieved
May 3,
2022
.
- ^
"Welsh curriculum: Wales history teaching skills gap , says adviser"
.
BBC News
. December 3, 2022
. Retrieved
June 15,
2023
.
- ^
"Every child in Wales to be taught about country's diverse history"
.
ITV News
. March 19, 2021.
Archived
from the original on September 8, 2022
. Retrieved
September 18,
2022
.
- ^
"The teaching of Welsh history including Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic history, identity and culture | Estyn"
.
www.estyn.gov.wales
.
Archived
from the original on June 26, 2022
. Retrieved
May 3,
2022
.
- ^
Colderick, Stephanie (April 25, 2022).
"Parents take legal action against Welsh Government over compulsory sex education"
.
WalesOnline
.
Archived
from the original on May 20, 2022
. Retrieved
May 15,
2022
.
- ^
Jones, Arwyn (February 25, 2015).
"Analysis: What is proposed in Wales' curriculum change?"
.
BBC News
. Retrieved
September 24,
2022
.
- ^
"Q&A: Draft school curriculum for Wales"
.
BBC News
. April 30, 2019.
Archived
from the original on July 31, 2022
. Retrieved
July 31,
2022
.
- ^
Wightwick, Abbie (January 10, 2019).
"Wales' National School Tests are being scrapped"
.
WalesOnline
.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
Wightwick, Abbie (March 9, 2021).
"What parents and kids need to know about Wales' new curriculum bill"
.
WalesOnline
.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
"GCSEs: New subjects launched as part of overhaul in Wales"
.
BBC News
. October 14, 2021.
Archived
from the original on August 4, 2022
. Retrieved
August 4,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
Wightwick, Abbie (June 5, 2022).
"The massive changes to what pupils are taught and how coming in next term"
.
WalesOnline
.
Archived
from the original on August 13, 2022
. Retrieved
August 13,
2022
.
- ^
Mackie, Terry (May 17, 2019).
"The New Curriculum planned for Wales is a shoddy edifice built on sand ? and that's scary"
.
Nation.Cymru
.
Archived
from the original on August 13, 2022
. Retrieved
August 13,
2022
.
- ^
Hearn, Elgan (July 19, 2022).
"
'Let teachers teach' says councillor as school strategy unveiled"
.
Shropshire Star
.
Archived
from the original on August 13, 2022
. Retrieved
August 13,
2022
.
- ^
Colderick, Stephanie (April 25, 2022).
"Parents take legal action against Welsh Government over compulsory sex education"
.
WalesOnline
.
Archived
from the original on August 25, 2022
. Retrieved
September 22,
2022
.
- ^
"Parents lose bid to stop new curriculum teaching about gender and sex"
.
ITV News
. September 2, 2022.
Archived
from the original on September 20, 2022
. Retrieved
September 22,
2022
.
- ^
"Sex education: Parents lose legal challenge against curriculum"
.
BBC News
. December 22, 2022
. Retrieved
January 8,
2023
.
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Progression steps
| Progression step 1
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Progression step 2
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Progression step 3
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Key Stage 3
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Progression step 4
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Key Stage 4
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Progression step 5
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Further Education
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University
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School type
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Age group
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Exams and qualifications
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Pedagogy
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Oversight
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History
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Major legislation
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Related
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