French division commander
Claude Francois Ferey, Baron de Rozengath
(21 September 1771 – 24 July 1812) became a French division commander during the
Napoleonic Wars
. During the
War of the First Coalition
he fought at
Mainz
and in
the Vendee
. After being promoted to command an infantry regiment, he led his unit at
Neuwied
,
Montebello
, and
Marengo
. He led a brigade at
Austerlitz
in the
War of the Third Coalition
and
Jena
,
Lubeck
, Bergfried,
Eylau
,
Lomitten
, and
Heilsberg
in the
War of the Fourth Coalition
. While fighting in the
Peninsular War
, he led a brigade at
Bussaco
and a division at
Fuentes de Onoro
and
Salamanca
. At the end of the latter battle, his division held off the victorious Anglo-Portuguese forces while the rest of the army escaped. He was killed in this action. His surname is one of the
Names inscribed under the Arc de Triomphe
, on Column 38.
Early career
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]
Ferey was born on 20 November 1771
in
Auvet-et-la-Chapelotte
in the present-day department of
Haute-Saone
. On 19 March 1787, he enlisted in the 1st
Chasseurs-a-Cheval
Regiment of the
French Royal Army
. He was promoted brigadier on 20 February 1788 and
marechal des logis
on 20 July 1790. He joined the Constitutional Guard of
Louis XVI
on 9 December 1791 and rapidly became a brigadier, then a
marechal des logis
. After the Constitutional Guard disbanded on 30 May 1792, he was briefly a
sous-lieutenant
in the King's Regiment before he was elected
adjutant
major in the 9th Battalion of the
Haute-Saone
Volunteers. The battalion was assigned to the
Army of the Rhine
and found itself involved in the
Siege of Mainz
. During the siege, Ferey was wounded in the left knee and he was promoted
captain
of
grenadiers
.
The siege lasted from 10 April to 23 July 1793, when the French garrison surrendered. Paroled on condition that they would not fight against the Allies for one year, the French soldiers were immediately sent to fight against French Royalists in the
War in the Vendee
.
Leadership
[
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]
In the
Battle of Tiffauges
on 19 September 1793, two superior officers were killed and Ferey took command of the battalion. For his efforts,
Jean Baptiste Camille Canclaux
and
Jean-Baptiste Kleber
promoted Ferey
chef de bataillon
(
major
). He continued serving with the
Army of the West
and the
Army of the Coasts of the Ocean
from 1793 to 1796.
Ferey was promoted
chef de brigade
(
colonel
) of the 24th Light Infantry Regiment on 11 October 1796.
He transferred to the
Army of Sambre and Meuse
and fought in the
Battle of Neuwied
on 18 April 1797. In the pursuit, his regiment captured the
Chasseurs de Loup
Battalion and 300 Croats.
In 1800, the 24th Light was assigned, with the 43rd and 96th Line Infantry Regiments to
Jacques-Antoine de Chambarlhac
's division of
Napoleon Bonaparte
's Army of Reserve which invaded northern Italy.
Chambarlhac's division fought at the
Battle of Montebello
on 9 June 1800 and at the
Battle of Marengo
on 14 June.
At Montebello, the division arrived late on the field and the 24th Light was sent to attack the Austrian left flank.
At Marengo, the 24th Light mustered a strength of 2,171 men.
As punishment for bad behavior at Montebello, the 24th Light was assigned to screen the army the night before Marengo was fought, and it endured being bombarded by Austrian artillery.
Empire
[
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Ferey was promoted to
general of brigade
on 29 August 1803. He was named a Commander of the
Legion of Honor
on 14 June 1804.
At the
Battle of Austerlitz
on 2 December 1805, he led a brigade in
Dominique Vandamme
's 2nd Division in
Marshal
Jean-de-Dieu Soult
's
IV Corps
. The brigade consisted of the 46th and 57th Line Infantry Regiments.
At the
Battle of Jena-Auerstedt
on 14 October 1806, Ferey commanded a brigade in
Jean Francois Leval
's 2nd Division in Soult's IV Corps. The brigade included the 4th and 28th Line Infantry Regiments.
[10]
In the
Battle of Lubeck
on 6 November 1806, the French captured the city of
Lubeck
from a Prussian corps led by
Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher
. Leval's division was among the attacking formations. Cornered against the Danish border, the Prussians surrendered on 7 November.
Leval's division, including Ferey's brigade, was involved in a minor clash at Bergfried on 3 February 1807. The French sustained 306 casualties while fighting against a Prussian-Russian force.
Ferey commanded a brigade in Leval's division at the
Battle of Eylau
on 7?8 February 1807. In this major battle, both French and Russian casualties were very high.
In the
Battle of Lomitten
on 5 June 1807, Ferey's brigade was part of
Claude Carra Saint-Cyr
's division. The division sustained losses of 106 killed and 1,079 wounded.
At the
Battle of Heilsberg
on 10 June 1807, Soult's IV Corps suffered 8,286 casualties and Ferey was wounded.
Ferey was raised to the dignity of
Baron of the Empire
on 15 January 1809.
He was assigned to Marshal
Andre Massena
's Army of Portugal. He commanded a brigade in
Louis Henri Loison
's 3rd Division in Marshal
Michel Ney
's
VI Corps
. On 15 September 1810, the brigade was composed of the 2nd Battalion of the 32nd Light Infantry Regiment (20 officers, 393 men), the 4th, 5th, and 6th Battalions of the 66th Line (68 officers, 1,762 men), and the 4th and 6th Battalions of the 82nd Line (40 officers, 1,196 men).
At the
Battle of Bussaco
on 27 September 1810, Loison's division was ordered to attack the Anglo-Portuguese left flank. The division fought its way up the ridge through the Allied skirmishers in two main attack columns, with Ferey's brigade on the left. As the French neared the crest, they were surprised when British infantry appeared and fired a volley from very close range, routing them. Ferey's left-most battalion was repulsed by a Portuguese battalion.
The battle cost Ferey's brigade 56 killed and 385 wounded.
Ferey was promoted
general of division
on 3 October 1810.
During the retreat from Portugal, Massena dismissed Ney from command of VI Corps and replaced him with Loison;
Ferey assumed command of Loison's division.
Ferey commanded his division at the
Battle of Fuentes de Onoro
on 3 and 5 May 1811. At the battle, Ferey's division counted 199 officers and 4,033 men. The units were 1 battalion each of the
Legion du Midi
and
Legion Hanovrienne
, the 4th, 5th, and 6th Battalions of the 26th and 66th Line Infantry Regiments, and the 4th and 6th Battalions of the 82nd Line.
On 3 May, Ferey launched his first brigade in an assault on
Fuentes de Onoro
. It gained some ground but was evicted from the village by a British counterattack. Ferey then committed his second brigade which seized almost the entire village. The British commander,
Lord Wellington
counterattacked with three battalions and drove Ferey's men out of the village. Part of another French division was committed to the battle, but they made no significant gains. On 3 May, French losses numbered 652, including 167 captured, mostly in Ferey's division.
Ferey's division again assaulted Fuentes de Onoro two hours after dawn on 5 May. In the initial push, two companies of the
79th Foot
were surrounded and 94 men captured. A British counterattack drove the French back. At this point, Ferey's division was no longer battleworthy and, for the rest of the day,
Jean-Baptiste Drouet
's
IX Corps
bore the burden of fighting in the village.
On 5 May, the VI Corps suffered losses of 107 killed, 804 wounded, and 33 missing.
Of these, Ferey's division lost at least 400 casualties.
Death
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]
At the
Battle of Salamanca
on 22 July 1812, Ferey commanded the 3rd Division of Marshal
Auguste de Marmont
's Army of Portugal. The division numbered 221 officers and 5,478 men. Its units were 3 battalions of the 47th Line, and 2 battalions each of the 31st Light, 26th Line, and 70th Line Infantry Regiments, plus an artillery battery.
Marmont attempted to turn the right flank of the Anglo-Portuguese army by marching his left flank divisions to the west. When the French divisions became too widely extended, Wellington attacked them and quickly routed the divisions of
Jean Guillaume Barthelemy Thomieres
and
Antoine Louis Popon de Maucune
. Next, British heavy dragoons overran
Antoine Francois Brenier
's division. While these events were going on, Marmont and his senior division commander
Jean Pierre Francois Bonet
were both wounded by bursting shells, leaving
Bertrand Clauzel
in command of the army. Meanwhile, the divisions of Clauzel and Bonet pushed back
Lowry Cole
's 4th Anglo-Portuguese division. Clausel sent
Jacques Thomas Sarrut
's division to assist his mauled left flank and tried to exploit the success in the center. But Wellington rapidly brought up the 6th Division and other troops to defeat the divisions of Clauzel and Bonet.
With the beaten French army streaming to the rear, only two intact French divisions remained. Clauzel ordered Ferey to hold off the victorious Allies at all costs. Historian
Charles Oman
wrote that Ferey, "carried it out with splendid courage, and by his constancy gave time for the escape of the whole of the confused mass behind him." Ferey deployed 7 battalions in a single three-deep line with 2 battalions on each flank in square to protect against cavalry. Because it was late in the day,
Henry Clinton
ordered his 6th Division to attack at once with his two British brigades in the first line. They were met by a terrific initial volley that caused severe casualties. After a tremendous firefight, Ferey's division withdrew to the edge of a large forest. The worst-hit British units were the
11th Foot
with 340 casualties out of 516 men present and the
61st Foot
with 366 casualties out of 546. Clinton ordered his Portuguese brigade from the second line to attack. These soldiers suffered 487 killed and wounded before they withdrew. Ferey's soldiers finally fled into the woods after they were pressed by the British 5th Division on their left flank and a brigade of the 4th Division on their right flank. Their retreat was covered by the still-intact 31st Light Infantry. The 6th Division only pursued 100 yd (91 m) before going into bivouac. During his division's last stand in front of the forest, Ferey was struck and killed by a
round shot
.
Same name
[
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]
A different Claude Francois Ferey, born on 22 December 1723, attained the rank of general of brigade on 25 August 1793, and died on 6 January 1806.
He had an undistinguished career with the Army of the Rhine.
Notes
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]
References
[
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]
- Arnold, James R. (2005).
Marengo & Hohenlinden: Napoleon's Rise to Power
. Barnsley, South Yorkshire: Pen and Sword.
ISBN
1-84415-279-0
.
- Broughton, Tony (2006).
"Generals Who Served in the French Army during the Period 1789 to 1814: Fabre to Fyons"
. The Napoleon Series
. Retrieved
9 March
2024
.
- Chandler, David G.
(2005).
Jena 1806: Napoleon Destroys Prussia
. Westport, Conn.: Praeger Publishers.
ISBN
0-275-98612-8
.
- Duffy, Christopher
(1977).
Austerlitz 1805
. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.
ISBN
085422128X
.
- Gates, David (2002).
The Spanish Ulcer: A History of the Peninsular War
. London: Pimlico.
ISBN
0-7126-9730-6
.
- Mullie, Charles (1852).
"Ferey (Claude-Francois), baron"
.
Biographie des celebrites militaires des armees de terre et de mer de 1789 a 1850
(in French). Paris: Poignavant et Compagnie.
- Oman, Charles
(1996a) [1908].
A History of the Peninsular War Volume III
. Vol. 3. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole.
ISBN
1-85367-223-8
.
- Oman, Charles
(1996b) [1911].
A History of the Peninsular War Volume IV
. Vol. 4. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole.
ISBN
1-85367-224-6
.
- Oman, Charles
(1996c) [1914].
A History of the Peninsular War Volume V
. Vol. 5. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole.
ISBN
1-85367-225-4
.
- Phipps, Ramsay Weston
(2011) [1929].
The Armies of the First French Republic and the Rise of the Marshals of Napoleon I: The Armees du Moselle, du Rhin, de Sambre-et-Meuse, de Rhin-et-Moselle
. Vol. 2. Pickle Partners Publishing.
ISBN
978-1-908692-25-2
.
- Smith, Digby
(1998).
The Napoleonic Wars Data Book
. London: Greenhill.
ISBN
1-85367-276-9
.