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Claude-Francois Bertrand de Boucheporn

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Claude-Francois Bertrand Boucheporn (4 November 1741 ? 20 February 1794) was a French magistrate and intendant of the Ancien Regime , born in Metz (Moselle). He was counselor in the parliament of Metz (1761), General Counsel (1768?1771), Maitre des Requetes to the King's Council (from 1772 to the Revolution), intendant of Corsica (1775?1785), intendant of the Generalite of Pau , Bayonne and Auch (from 1785 to the French Revolution ).

Under the Terror , Boucheporn was tried, sentenced to death and beheaded in Toulouse on 20 February 1794 at the age of 53.

Biography [ edit ]

Originating from Metz , Boucheporn's family of parliamentarians was knighted in 1689. His father Louis-Pierre Bertrand de Chailly (1709?1773) was a member of the parliament in Metz. His mother, Marguerite-Henriette Salomon (1717?1786) comes from a noble family in Alsace , possibly of Venetian origin according to tradition and from which the German writer Ernst von Salomon also descends. [1]

Boucheporn married in 1765 Barbe Catherine Dancerville (1742?1803), the daughter of Jean-Pierre Dancerville, president of the Presidial de Metz , with whom he had eight children. [2]

One of his grandsons is the French geologist Felix de Boucheporn  [ fr ] (1811?1857), [3] whose son, an artillery officer from the Ecole Polytechnique , being the last of his name and with no descendants, adopted in 1917 his nephew, Roger de Bazelaire de Saulcy  [ fr ] , a cavalry officer, who rose up the name of Boucheporn. [4]

Counselor to the parliament of Metz [ edit ]

Boucheporn read law at the University of Paris and was received as a counselor to the parliament of Metz in 1761, becoming a General Counsel in 1768. In that capacity, in 1771, he pleaded the cause of Mr Le Boeuf de Valdahon in a famous case against the ''Marquis de Monnier''  [ fr ] [5] who was opposing Valdahon's marriage to his daughter, on the ground that he had seduced her eight years before, while she was still under-age. [6]

In 1769, he was received to the Societe royale des sciences et des arts de Metz and he attended the works of the lodge of Saint-Jean de l'Amitie de Saint-Etienne in Metz, where he would meet a number of academicians and parliamentarians of this city. [7]

Intendant of Corsica (1775?1785) [ edit ]

In 1775, at the age of 34, Bertrand de Boucheporn became the third intendant of Corsica, the island which had been ceded to France by the Republic of Genoa via the Treaty of Versailles , in 1768. He spent "ten fruitful years (1775?85) on the island." [8] By his ordonnances he was supportive to the island's development of forestry, agriculture and the industry and he established a plan for enlarging the bridges to enhance transport capabilities and commerce. He also reformed the island's tax system with a new territorial tax replacing all other taxes attached to land's ownership. [9]

Willingly taking into account the islanders' national feelings, he endeavored to reconcile a country still deeply marked by the recent paolist revolts. As he favoured a reform of political representation, "Boucheporn pressed for a fully proportional system within the Estates, but at this juncture the ministers refused to move beyond a position whereby each order returned the same number of deputies." [10]

In Bastia , Mrs de Boucheporn, the intendant's wife, befriended Letizia Buonaparte (born Ramolino), Napoleon 's mother; she was the godmother of Louis Bonaparte , Napoleon's brother and the to-be king of Holland, whose godfather was Mr de Marbeuf , the island's governor. Some time later, Boucheporn "helped by his credence and perhaps even his purse the young Napoleon to be admitted to the Brienne cadet school." [11]

During his Corsican stay, Boucheporn welcomed home Pierre Baillot (1771?1842), a young violinist and an orphan at the age of twelve of a magistrate in Bastia, and "treated him with all the tenderness of a son." He sent him to Rome with his own children, to study with the musician Pollani, who was himself a student of the violinist and composer Pietro Nardini . Baillot was to become one of the most famous French violinists. [12]

An enlightened intendant [ edit ]

According to his French biographer, Maurice Bordes, "marked by the philosophy of Enlightenment , economic liberalism and physiocracy , Boucheporn is one of the enlightened intendants of the end of the Ancien Regime ." [13]

The British historian Peter Jones highlights that he was one of these intendants who, by their attitude and role, were ahead of their time : " Turgot , Bertier fils , Antoine Chaumont de La Galaiziere and Bertrand de Boucheporn were all intendants who became impatient with the stop-go politics of reform. Rather than wait upon events, they pushed on with practical measures hoping to convert ministers along the way. In many respects they were men ahead of their time: advocates of some form of power sharing rather than diligent instruments of traditional absolute monarchy." [14]

As he was newly installed as intendant of Navarre , in southern France, Boucheporn would declare to the parlementaires at Pau: "We no longer live in times when men consider that mode of governance to be perfect which is most complicated and most shrouded in mystery, or which endeavors to distract or altogether to deceive the people." [15]

Sentence and death in Toulouse (1794) [ edit ]

Under the Terror , as two of his sons had emigrated to serve in the Armee des Princes , [16] Boucheporn was arrested (June 1793) and "tried on a charge of sending money abroad." [17] He was sentenced to death and beheaded on the Place de la Liberte [18] in Toulouse on 2d Ventose , Year II (20 February 1794), at the age of 53. [19]

Bertrand de Boucheporn was the "9th of 31 victims of the Tribunal Revolutionnaire in Toulouse," [20] and one of nine French intendants to die under the guillotine . [21]

Coat of arms [ edit ]

Armes : Ecartele aux 1 et 4 d'azur a une pomme de pin d'argent tigee et feuillee de meme; aux 2 et 3 de gueules a trois annelets entrelaces d'or . [22] The coat of arms of the Bertrand de Boucheporn family are recalled in the blason of the village of Boucheporn , in Moselle , which also features, in the 1st quarter, the blason of the Longeville Abbey, to which the village was attached in the Middle age. [23]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ Ernest Lehr ? L'Alsace noble (tome troisieme) ? Veuve Berger- Levrault et Fils ? Paris, 1870 ? pages 104 and fol. [1]
  2. ^ Sylvie Nicolas ? Les derniers maitres des requetes de l'Ancien Regime (1771?1789) ? Ecole des Chartes ? Paris, 1998 ? page 103
  3. ^ Felix de Boucheporn, a graduate of Ecole Polytechnique (1831) and a mining engineer, published Etudes sur l'histoire de la terre et sur les causes des revolutions de sa surface (1844) [2] , and Du principe general de la philosophie naturelle (1853) [3] . Biography in : Livre du centenaire de l'Ecole Polytechnique , tome III [4]
  4. ^ Roger de Bazelaire de Boucheporn (1890?1954), Saint-Cyr (1913) , lieutenant at the 8e regiment of Cuirassiers (1914), ecuyer at the Cadre noir (1922?1926), colonel commanding the 3rd regiment of Chasseurs d'Afrique during the Tunisian Campaign (1942?1943), major general. Croix de Guerre 1914?1918 , Legion of Merit (1943), officer of the Legion d'honneur (1946)
  5. ^ Emile Begin ? Biographie de la Moselle (tome premier) ? Metz, 1829 ? pages 118 and fol.
  6. ^ On this famous case, see: Friedrich Melchior, Baron von Grimm , Lettre du 15 mars 1765 , in: Correspondance litteraire, philosophique et critique de Grimm et de Diderot depuis 1753 jusqu'en 1790 ? Tome quatrieme ? Chez Furne, Libraire ? Paris, 1829 ? pages 216 and fol. [5]
  7. ^ Pierre-Yves Beaurepaire ? Academiciens et franc-macons messins au XVIIIe siecle, dans Academies et societes savantes en Europe 1650?1800 , textes reunis par Daniel-Odon Hurel et Gerard Laudin ? Honore Champion ? Paris, 2001 ? pages 303 and fol.
  8. ^ P.M. Jones ? Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774?1791 ? Cambridge University Press, 1995 ? page 125
  9. ^ Discours prononce par Monsieur de Boucheporn, Intendant de Corse, a l'ouverture des Etats de l'Ile ? Bastia, 26 mai 1785 ? pages 10 ? 12
  10. ^ P.M. Jones ? Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774?1791 ? Cambridge University Press, 1995 ? page 126
  11. ^ Anatole Durand ? Eloge historique de Monsieur de Boucheporn ? Metz, 1866 ? page 28 (translated from French)
  12. ^ A new Biographical Dictionary ? 2d edition, volume I, part I ? Geo. B. Whittaker ? London, 1865 ? page 81
  13. ^ Maurice Bordes ? La Corse pays d'Etats ? Annales historiques de la Revolution francaise ? Tome 46 ? Paris, 1974 ? page 615 (translated from French)
  14. ^ P.M. Jones ? Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774?1791 ? Cambridge University Press, 1995 ? page 126
  15. ^ Bailey Stone ? The genesis of the French Revolution ? Cambridge University Press, 1994 ? page 165
  16. ^ Rene Bertrand de Boucheporn (1770 - 1842) is second lieutenant in the Army of Conde , lieutenant in the Dillon's Regiment and later in the Queen's Own Germans Regiment . See : A List of the Officers of the Army and of the Corps of Royal Marines - War Office - London, 1830 - page 608 [6]
  17. ^ P.M. Jones - Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774 - 1791 - Cambridge University Press, 1995 - page 127
  18. ^ Today: Place du Capitole
  19. ^ Axel Duboul - Le tribunal revolutionnaire de Toulouse - Edouard Privat, Libraire-Editeur - Toulouse, 1894 - Open Library - pages 79 and fol.
  20. ^ Damien Garrigues - Le Cahier de doleances de la Communaute d'Arnaud-Guilhem, au Pays de Riviere-Verdun en 1789 - Revue de Comminges, Tome 39 - Saint-Gaudens - 1925 - page 13
  21. ^ Alain Cohen - Les proces des anciens intendants durant la Revolution - Annales historiques de la Revolution francaise, No 356 - Avril - Juin 2009 - pages 29 to 56
  22. ^ Joseph Alcide Georgel ? Armorial historique et genealogique des familles de Lorraine ? Elbeuf, 1882 ? pages 108 et suiv.
  23. ^ Union des Cercles Genealogiques Lorrains , in: Genealogie de la famille Bisval [7]

Further reading [ edit ]

  • Discours prononce par Monsieur de Boucheporn, Intendant de Corse, a l'ouverture des Etats de l'Ile ? Bastia, 26 mai 1785 ? Bibliotheque Nationale de France ? Gallica
  • Emile Begin ? Biographie de la Moselle (tome premier) ? Metz, 1829 ? pages 118 and fol. [8]
  • Maurice Bordes ? Un intendant eclaire de la la fin de l'Ancien Regime: Claude-Francois Bertrand de Boucheporn ? In: Annales du Midi : Revue archeologique, historique et philologique de la France meridionale ? Tome 74, N°58 ? Toulouse, 1962 ? pages 177?194 [9]
  • Axel Duboul ? Le tribunal revolutionnaire de Toulouse ? Edouard Privat, Libraire-Editeur ? Toulouse, 1894 ? Open Library [10]
  • Anatole Durand ? Eloge historique de Monsieur de Boucheporn ? Metz, 1866 ? Bibliotheque nationale de France ? Gallica
  • P.M. Jones ? Reform and Revolution in France: The Politics of Transition, 1774?1791 ? 1995 ? Cambridge University Press
  • Emmanuel Michel ? Biographie du parlement de Metz ? Chez Nouvian ? Metz, 1855 ? pages 27?29 [11]
  • Sylvie Nicolas ? Les derniers maitres des requetes de l'Ancien Regime (1771?1789) ? Ecole des Chartes ? Paris, 1998 ? Memoires et Documents de l'Ecole des Chartes
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