Classic hip hop
is a music
radio format
focusing primarily on
hip hop music
from the 1980s, 1990s, and the early to mid-2000s.
Although stations with such a format date back as far as 2004, the format was first popularized in October 2014, after
Radio One
dropped a poorly performing
news radio
format from its Houston station
KROI
in favor of classic hip-hop. After attracting a dramatic increase in ratings, Radio One began to emulate the station's format and branding in other
markets
. At the same time, other major radio broadcasters began to introduce classic hip-hop stations in selected markets.
Format and targeting
[
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]
Doug Abernethy, general manager of Radio One's Houston stations, described the classic hip hop format as a parallel to the
classic rock
and
classic country
formats: these stations focus primarily on
hip hop music
from the 1980s, 1990s, and early 2000s, featuring artists such as
2Pac
,
De La Soul
,
Mike Jones
,
LL Cool J
,
Ludacris
,
The Notorious B.I.G.
,
Queen Latifah
, and
Salt-N-Pepa
. Some stations may include small amounts of
R&B
in their playlists as well.
[1]
[2]
Classic hip-hop stations are aimed primarily at listeners between the ages of 25 and 44;
Tommy Boy Records
founder
Tom Silverman
explained that hip hop had "entered the realm of credible nostalgia", going on to say that "I'm sure there are kids now who think
3 Feet High and Rising
by De La Soul is a rite of passage, just like
Led Zeppelin
is".
[1]
[2]
The format also appeals to listeners who may not enjoy contemporary hip-hop:
iHeartMedia
senior vice president Doc Wynter explained that "hip-hop back then was about telling a story about your struggle and your family's struggle. Now the reigning hip-hop king is a
multiracial guy from Toronto
who did not struggle."
[1]
[2]
History
[
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]
Origins
[
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]
The classic hip-hop format dates back to 2004, when KZAB, a Spanish-language FM station serving the Los Angeles area, was re-launched as
KDAY
. The re-launched station served to capitalize on the heritage of the original KDAY on the AM dial (now
KBLA
), which in the 1980s was the first radio station in the United States to play hip-hop music on a full-time basis. After the station's sale to
Fred Sands
in 1991, the station dropped hip-hop and switched to business news. The new KDAY originally focused primarily on classic hip-hop music: over the following years, it backtracked on its gold-based format, before reinstating it in 2009. The station's initial success was hampered primarily by its signal, which did not cover all of
Greater Los Angeles
(a rebroadcaster,
KDEY-FM
, was also established to improve the station's reach in the
Inland Empire
), along with the music itself, as hip-hop music from the 1990s was not yet nostalgic to listeners.
[3]
[4]
However, the new KDAY still enjoyed a cult following: after it was announced that KDAY would be acquired by the
Meruelo Group
, owners of Spanish-language television station
KWHY-TV
, it was speculated that the station would drop hip-hop and revert to a Spanish-language format to complement KWHY-TV. Following the establishment of a "Save KDAY" campaign on
Facebook
led by
Dr. Dre
(who was among the artists popularized by the original KDAY), the station's new owners confirmed that they would maintain the hip-hop format, citing the "value" of the KDAY brand, along with plans to broaden the station's audience to include
Hispanic
listeners.
[3]
[5]
[4]
Mainstream adoption
[
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]
On October 13, 2014, after having dropped a low-rated
all-news radio
format five days prior in favor of all-
Beyonce
music as a
stunt
, the Houston radio station
KROI
, owned by the urban-oriented radio group
Radio One
, launched a classic hip-hop format branded as "Boom 92". Radio One stated that the format was the first of its kind among major-market stations in the United States, and would serve to complement its other urban-oriented music stations in the market.
[1]
Listenership of the new format saw a dramatic improvement over its previous all-news format: the following month, KROI improved its
audience share
of 0.9, 26th place among Houston stations, to 3.2, 14th place in the market.
[6]
In response to its success, Radio One began to flip further stations to the Boom format and brand, including Philadelphia's
WPHI-FM
and DFW's
KSOC
. At the same time, other station groups, including
iHeartMedia
,
Cumulus Media
,
Univision Radio
, and
Cox Media Group
, began to slowly introduce classic hip-hop formats of their own. In November 2014,
WTZA
became the first station in the
Atlanta
market to adopt classic hip-hop; a few days later, both Cumulus Media's
W250BC
and Radio One's
W275BK
flipped as well, with the latter using the Boom branding.
[2]
[7]
[8]
Some stations, over the 2014 holiday season, shifted towards classic hip-hop as a temporary format.
[2]
Edison Research analyst Sean Ross compared the growth of classic hip-hop to the emergence of
classic rock
, which came during a similar youth-oriented shift in mainstream rock towards
glam metal
bands and
grunge
.
[2]
[4]
KROI's success was short-lived; by December 2016, it had fallen back towards a 1.4 share. In January 2017, KROI would drop its classic hip-hop format in favor of
contemporary hit radio
.
[9]
[10]
List of stations airing the format
[
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]
Station name
|
Brand
|
Location
|
Ref
|
K242CE
|
"Throwback 96.3"
|
New Orleans, Louisiana
|
|
KDAY
/
KDEY-FM
|
"93.5 KDAY"
|
Redondo Beach, California
-
Ontario, California
|
|
KFCO
|
"Flo 107.1"
|
Denver Colorado
|
|
KHYL
|
"V101"
|
Sacramento, California
|
|
KJMP
|
"Jump 104.5"
|
Pierce, Colorado
|
|
K276EX
|
"V103"
|
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
|
|
KNEV
|
"95.5 The Vibe"
|
Reno, Nevada
|
|
K297BE
|
"107.3 The Beat"
|
Kennewick, Washington
|
|
KRBQ
|
"102 Jams"
|
San Francisco, California
|
|
KSZR
|
"97.5 The Vibe"
|
Tucson, Arizona
|
|
KUBT-HD2
|
"Jamz Hawaii"
|
Honolulu, Hawaii
|
|
KVBH
|
"Vibe 107.5"
|
San Antonio, Texas
|
|
KVGQ
|
"106.9 Da Bomb"
|
Las Vegas, Nevada
|
|
KZFS
|
"Hooptown 101.5"
|
Spokane, Washington
|
|
KZCE
|
"101.1 The Bounce"
|
Phoenix, Arizona
|
|
W250BC
|
"OG 97.9"
|
Atlanta, Georgia
|
|
WBMX
|
"104.3 Jams"
|
Chicago, Illinois
|
|
WCHZ-FM
|
""Hot 95.5/93.1"
|
Augusta, Georgia
|
|
WFQY
|
"BDay 99.1"
|
Jackson, Mississippi
|
|
WGBL
|
"G96.7"
|
Gulfport, Mississippi
|
|
WHBT-FM
|
"92.1 The Beat"
|
Norfolk, Virginia
|
|
WHJA
|
"Power 101.1"
|
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
|
|
W221CI
|
"Old Skool 92.1"
|
Charleston, South Carolina
|
|
W293BV
|
"Hip Hop 106.5"
|
Columbus, Georgia
|
|
WKXD-HD2
|
"93.3 The Dawg"
|
Monterey, Tennessee
|
|
WJMP
|
"Jump 103.7"
|
Plattsburgh, New York
|
|
W296AW
|
"Yo! 107.1"
|
West Palm Beach, Florida
|
|
WLOR
|
"98.1 The Beat"
|
Huntsville, Alabama
|
|
WMGC-FM
|
"105.1 The Bounce"
|
Detroit, Michigan
|
|
W288DD
|
"Throwback 105.5"
|
Miami, Florida
|
|
WQKI-FM
|
"Jamz 95.7"
|
Orangeburg, South Carolina
|
|
WQKS-HD2
|
"Yo! 100.5"
|
Montgomery, Alabama
|
|
WSIM-HD2
|
"Jamz 107.5"
|
Florence, South Carolina
|
|
WUKS
|
"107.7 The Bounce"
|
St. Pauls, North Carolina
|
|
WXBK
|
"94.7 The Block"
|
New York, New York
|
|
WXGI
/
WTPS
|
"99.5 & 102.7 The Box"
|
Richmond, Virginia
-
Petersburg, Virginia
|
|
WXKB-HD2
|
"96.5/101.5 The Bounce"
|
Cape Coral, Florida
|
|
W282BR
|
"104.3 The Vibe"
|
Erie, Pennsylvania
|
|
Satellite radio stations
[
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]
Networks
[
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]
List of former stations airing the format
[
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]
Station name
|
Brand
|
Location
|
Ended
|
New genre
|
Ref
|
CFXJ-FM
|
"Flow 93-5"
|
Toronto, Ontario
|
February 2016
|
Rhythmic AC
, then
rhythmic CHR
|
|
K246BR
|
"Hot 97.1"
|
Honolulu, Hawaii
|
August 2016
|
All-80's hits
|
|
K223AL
|
"Power 92.5"
|
Reno, Nevada
|
May 2018
|
Country music
|
|
K256AS
|
"99.1 Jamz"
|
Honolulu, Hawaii
|
November 2019
|
Asian CHR
|
|
K273BH
|
"Hot 102.5"
|
Minneapolis, Minnesota
|
February 2018
|
Urban
|
|
K277CX
|
"G103.3"
|
San Antonio, Texas
|
June 2020
|
Rhythmic contemporary
|
|
KENZ
|
"94.9 The Vibe"
|
Salt Lake City, Utah
|
January 2017
|
Top 40/CHR
|
|
KFVR-FM
|
"94.7 & 93.9 The Beat"
|
Pueblo, Colorado
|
September 2017
|
Tejano music
|
|
KJZN
|
"Rewind 105.5"
|
Fresno, California
|
January 2017
|
Soft AC
|
|
KKRG-FM
|
"Yo! 105.1 FM"
|
Albuquerque, New Mexico
|
October 2017
|
Christmas music
|
|
KLIF-FM
|
"Hot 93.3"
|
Dallas, Texas
|
2014
|
Urban contemporary
, then
top 40/CHR
(Hot 93.3 aired for the 2014 holiday season)
|
|
KMJM-FM
|
"100.3 The Beat"
|
St. Louis, Missouri
|
September 2016
|
Urban contemporary
|
|
KMYO
|
"Yo! 95.1"
|
San Antonio, Texas
|
April 2017
|
Previous Spanish top 40/CHR format
|
|
KRBQ
|
"Q102"
|
San Francisco, California
|
August 2019
|
Rhythmic oldies
|
|
KROI
|
"Boom 92"
|
Houston, Texas
|
January 2017
|
Top 40/CHR
|
|
KPPF
|
"Blazin 98.5"
|
Monument, Colorado
|
|
|
|
KRUZ
|
"106.3 Spin FM"
|
Oxnard, California
|
June 2019
|
Top 40/CHR
|
[11]
[12]
|
KWQW
|
"98.3 The Vibe"
|
Des Moines, Iowa
|
May 2021
|
Top 40/CHR
|
|
KSOC
|
"Boom 94.5"
|
Dallas, Texas
|
September 2017
|
Urban AC
|
|
W271BN
|
"Power 102.1"
|
Birmingham, Alabama
|
|
|
|
W272BY
|
"102.3 The Beat"
|
Cincinnati, Ohio
|
March 2016
|
Mainstream urban
|
|
W275BD
|
"Boom 102.9"
|
Indianapolis, Indiana
|
July 2018
|
Defunct; Regional Mexican
|
|
W275BK
|
"Boom 102.9"
|
Atlanta, Georgia
|
December 2017
|
Urban oldies
|
|
W282CA
|
"G 104.3"
|
Richmond, Virginia
|
May 2021
|
Country
|
|
W288CX
|
"Throwback 105.5"
|
Columbia, South Carolina
|
February 2021
|
Black-oriented news
|
|
WBMO
|
"Boom 106.3"
|
Columbus, Ohio
|
November 2017
|
Simulcast of sister station
WCKX
|
|
WCFB
|
|
Daytona Beach, Florida
|
November 2014
|
Previous
Urban AC
format (Classic hip hop aired for three weeks)
|
|
WGHL
|
"G 105.1"
|
Louisville, Kentucky
|
August 2018
|
Modern rock
|
|
WGVX
|
"105 The Vibe"
|
Minneapolis, Minnesota
|
November 2018
|
Christmas music, then soft AC
|
|
WIVG
|
"Bumpin' 95" (formerly "Boomin' 96")
|
Memphis, Tennessee
|
February 2016
|
Back to
modern rock
|
|
WJKS
|
"Kiss 104.3"
|
Keeseville, New York
|
June 2020
|
Country
|
|
WJMP
|
"Jump 97.1"
|
Knoxville, Tennessee
|
December 2021
|
Urban contemporary
|
|
WJXN-FM
|
"G100.9"
|
Jackson, Mississippi
|
February 2021
|
Adult hits
|
|
WKEZ
|
"Z98.7"
|
Bluefield, Virginia
|
November 2019
|
Christmas music, then soft AC
|
|
WKIM
|
"98.9 The Vibe"
|
Memphis, Tennessee
|
October 2017
|
Christmas music
|
|
WNGY
|
"G 102.3"
|
Peoria, Illinois
|
December 2019
|
Rhythmic AC
|
|
WPHI-FM
|
"Boom 103.9"
|
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|
December 2019
|
Urban contemporary
|
|
WPHI-FM
|
"Boom 107.9"
|
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
|
September 2016
|
Urban contemporary gospel
|
|
WQKS-HD3
|
"Yo! 107.1"
|
Montgomery, Alabama
|
|
Format revived in 2014 on sister WQKS-HD2
|
|
WRNN (AM)
|
"G 105.5"
|
Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
|
May 2018
|
Classic country
|
|
WRWM
|
"93.9 The Beat"
|
Indianapolis, Indiana
|
|
Rhythmic AC
, then
top 40/CHR
|
|
WSOL-FM
|
"V101.5"
|
Jacksonville, Florida
|
December 2019
|
Urban AC
|
|
WTMP
|
"AM 1150"
|
Tampa, Florida
|
|
|
|
WTSL
|
"Hot 97.5"
|
Hanover, New Hampshire
|
July 2022
|
Adult contemporary
|
|
WTZA
|
"Old School 99.3"
|
Atlanta, Georgia
|
|
Went off air due to interference complaints from
WCON-FM
; later moved to
WTBS-LP
and flipped to
urban oldies
|
WXYY
|
"G100"
|
Savannah, Georgia
|
February 2023
|
Rhythmic contemporary
|
|
WBBF
|
"98.9 The Vibe"
|
Buffalo, New York
|
July 2023
|
Top 40 (CHR)
|
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]