Capital and largest city of Moldova
Capital city and municipality in Moldova
Chi?in?u
(
KISH
-in-
OW
,
kee-shee-
NOW
,
Romanian:
[ki?i?n?w]
ⓘ
), formerly known as
Kishinev
,
[a]
is the
capital
and
largest city
of
Moldova
.
[8]
The city is Moldova's main industrial and commercial centre, and is located in the middle of the country, on the river
Bic
, a tributary of the
Dniester
. According to the results of the
2014 census
, the city proper had a population of 532,513, while the population of the Municipality of Chi?in?u (which includes the city itself and other nearby communities) was 700,000. Chi?in?u is the most economically prosperous locality in Moldova and its largest transportation hub. Nearly a third of Moldova's population lives in the metro area.
Moldova has a
history of winemaking
dating back to at least 3,000 BCE, and as the capital city, Chi?in?u hosts the yearly national wine festival every October.
[9]
[10]
Though the city's buildings were badly damaged during the
Second World War
and earthquakes, there remains a rich architectural heritage, especially in the form of
Socialist realism
and
Brutalist architecture
. The city's central railway station boasts a
Russian-Imperial
architectural style, and maintains direct rail links to Romania. The Swiss-Italian-Russian architect
Alexander Bernardazzi
designed many of the city's most impressive buildings, including the
Chi?in?u City Hall
,
Church of Saint Theodore
, and the Church of Saint Panteleimon. The city hosts the
National Museum of Fine Arts
,
Moldova State University
, Brancusi Gallery, the
National Museum of History of Moldova
with over 236,000 exhibits, and bustling markets in the north of the city, including the house where
Alexander Pushkin
once resided while in exile from
Alexander I of Russia
, and which has now been turned into a museum. The city's
Nativity Cathedral
, located at the centre of the city and constructed in the 1830s, has been described as a "masterpiece" of
Neoclassical architecture
.
[11]
Etymology
[
edit
]
The origin of the city's name is unclear. A theory suggests that the name may come from the
archaic
Romanian word
chi?la
(meaning "spring", "source of water") and
nou?
("new"), because it was built around a small spring, at the corner of Pu?kin and Albi?oara streets.
[12]
The other version, formulated by
?tefan Ciobanu
, Romanian historian and academician, holds that the name was formed the same way as the name of
Chi?ineu
(alternative spelt as
Chi?in?u
) in Western
Romania
, near the border with Hungary. Its Hungarian name is
Kisjen?
, from which the Romanian name originates.
[13]
Kisjen? comes from
kis
"small" and the Jen?, one of the seven
Hungarian tribes
that entered the
Carpathian Basin
in 896. At least 24 other settlements are named after the Jen? tribe.
[14]
[15]
Chi?in?u is known in Russian as
Kishinyov
(
Кишинёв
,
pronounced
[k?????n??f]
), while Moldova's Russian-language media call it
Kishineu
(
Кишинэу
,
pronounced
[k?????n??]
). It is written
Ki?inov
in the Latin
Gagauz alphabet
. It was also written as
Chi?ineu
in pre?20th-century Romanian
[16]
and as
Кишинэу
in the
Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet
. Historically, the English-language name for the city,
Kishinev
, was based on the modified Russian one because it entered the English language via Russian at the time Chi?in?u was part of the
Russian Empire
(e.g.
Kishinev pogrom
). Therefore, it remains a common English name in some historical contexts. Otherwise, the Romanian-based
Chi?in?u
has been steadily gaining wider currency, especially in
written language
. The city is also historically referred to as
Lithuanian
:
Ki?iniovas
,
Hungarian
:
Kisjen?
,
German
:
Kischinau
, (
German:
[?k??i?na??]
ⓘ
);
Polish
:
Kiszyniow
, (
Polish:
[k?i????uf]
ⓘ
);
Ukrainian
:
Кишин?в
,
romanized
:
Kyshyniv
, (
Ukrainian:
[?k???n?iv]
ⓘ
);
Bulgarian
:
Кишинев
,
romanized
:
Kishinev
;
Yiddish
:
???????
,
romanized
:
Keshenev
; or
Turkish
:
Ki?inev
History
[
edit
]
Moldavian period
[
edit
]
Founded in 1436 as a
monastery
village, the city was part of the
Principality of Moldavia
(which, starting with the 16th century became a
vassal state of the Ottoman Empire
, but still retaining its autonomy). At the beginning of the 19th century Chi?in?u was a small town of 7,000 inhabitants.
Russian Imperial period
[
edit
]
In 1812, in the aftermath of the
Russo-Turkish War (1806?1812)
, the eastern half of Moldavia
was ceded
by the Ottomans to the
Russian Empire
. The newly acquired territories became known as
Bessarabia
.
Under Russian government, Chi?in?u became the capital of the newly annexed
oblast
(later
guberniya
) of
Bessarabia
. By 1834, an
imperial
townscape with broad and long roads had emerged as a result of a generous
development plan
, which divided Chi?in?u roughly into two areas: the old part of the town, with its irregular building structures, and a newer city centre and station. Between 26 May 1830 and 13 October 1836 the architect
Avraam Melnikov
established the
Catedrala Na?terea Domnului
with a magnificent bell tower. In 1840 the building of the
Triumphal Arch
, planned by the architect Luca Zaushkevich, was completed. Following this the construction of numerous buildings and landmarks began.
On 28 August 1871, Chi?in?u was linked by
rail
with
Tiraspol
, and in 1873 with
Corne?ti
. Chi?in?u-
Ungheni
-
Ia?i
railway was opened on 1 June 1875 in preparation for the
Russo-Turkish War (1877?1878)
. The town played an important part in the war between Russia and the
Ottoman Empire
, as the main
staging area
of the Russian invasion. During the
Belle Epoque
, the mayor of the city was
Carol Schmidt
, whose contribution to the modernisation of the city is still commemorated by Moldovans.
[17]
[18]
Its population had grown to 92,000 by 1862, and to 125,787 by 1900.
[19]
Pogroms and pre-revolution
[
edit
]
In the late 19th century, especially due to growing anti-Semitic sentiment in the
Russian Empire
and better economic conditions in Moldova, many Jews chose to settle in Chi?in?u. By the year 1897, 46% of the population of Chi?in?u was Jewish, over 50,000 people.
[20]
As part of the pogrom wave organized in the Russian Empire, a large
anti-Semitic
riot was organized in the town on 19?20 April 1903, which would later be known as the
Kishinev pogrom
. The rioting continued for three days, resulting in 47 Jews dead, 92 severely wounded, and 500 suffering minor injuries. In addition, several hundred houses and many businesses were plundered and destroyed.
[21]
Some sources say 49 people were killed.
[22]
The pogroms are largely believed to have been incited by anti-Jewish propaganda in the only official newspaper of the time,
Bessarabetz
(
Бессарабецъ
). Mayor Schmidt disapproved of the incident and resigned later in 1903. The reactions to this incident included a petition to
Tsar
Nicholas II of Russia
on behalf of
the American people
by US President
Theodore Roosevelt
in July 1903.
[23]
On 22 August 1905, another violent event occurred: the police opened fire on an estimated 3,000 demonstrating agricultural workers. Only a few months later, on 19?20 October 1905, a further protest occurred, helping to force the hand of Nicholas II in bringing about the
October Manifesto
. However, these demonstrations suddenly turned into
another anti-Jewish pogrom
, resulting in 19 deaths.
[23]
Romanian period
[
edit
]
Following the Russian
October Revolution
, Bessarabia declared independence from the crumbling empire, as the
Moldavian Democratic Republic
, before joining the
Kingdom of Romania
. As of 1919, Chi?in?u, with an estimated population of 133,000,
[24]
became the second largest city in Romania.
Between 1918 and 1940, the center of the city undertook large
renovation
work. Romania granted important subsidies to its province and initiated large scale investment programs in the infrastructure of the main cities in Bessarabia, expanded the railroad infrastructure and started an extensive program to eradicate illiteracy.
In 1927, the
Stephen the Great Monument
, by the sculptor
Alexandru Pl?m?deal?
, was erected. In 1933, the first higher education institution in Bessarabia was established, by transferring the Agricultural Sciences Section of the
University of Ia?i
to Chi?in?u, as the
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences
.
World War II
[
edit
]
On 28 June 1940, as a direct result of the
Molotov?Ribbentrop Pact
, Bessarabia was
annexed by the Soviet Union
from Romania, and Chi?in?u became the capital of the newly created
Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic
.
Following the Soviet occupation, mass deportations, linked with atrocities, were executed by the
NKVD
between June 1940 and June 1941. More than 400 people were
summarily executed
in Chi?in?u in July 1940 and buried in the grounds of the Metropolitan Palace, the Chi?in?u Theological Institute, and the backyard of the Italian Consulate, where the NKVD had established its headquarters.
[25]
As part of the policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Communist power, tens of thousand members of native families were
deported from Bessarabia
to other regions of the USSR.
A devastating earthquake
occurred on 10 November 1940, measuring 7.4 (or 7.7, according to other sources) on the
Richter scale
. The
epicenter
of the quake was in the
Vrancea Mountains
, and it led to substantial destruction: 78 deaths and 2,795 damaged buildings (of which 172 were destroyed).
[26]
[27]
In June 1941, in order to recover Bessarabia, Romania entered
World War II
under the command of the German
Wehrmacht
, declaring
war on the Soviet Union
. Chi?in?u was severely affected in the chaos of the Second World War. In June and July 1941, the city came under bombardment by Nazi
air raids
. However, the Romanian and newly Moldovan sources assign most of the responsibility for the damage to Soviet NKVD
destruction battalions
, which operated in Chi?in?u until 17 July 1941, when it was captured by Axis forces.
[28]
During the German and Romanian military administration, the city suffered from the
Nazi extermination policy
of its Jewish inhabitants, who were transported on trucks to the outskirts of the city and then summarily shot in partially dug pits. The number of Jews murdered during the initial occupation of the city is estimated at 10,000 people.
[29]
During this time, Chi?in?u, part of
L?pu?na County
, was the capital of the newly established
Bessarabia Governorate
of Romania.
[30]
As the war drew to a conclusion, the city was once again the scene of heavy fighting as German and Romanian troops retreated. Chi?in?u was captured by the Red Army on 24 August 1944 as a result of the
Second Jassy?Kishinev offensive
.
Soviet period
[
edit
]
After the war,
Bessarabia
was fully reintegrated into the Soviet Union, with around 65 percent of its territory as the Moldavian SSR, while the remaining 35 percent was transferred to the
Ukrainian SSR
.
Two other waves of deportations of Moldova's native population were carried out by the Soviets, the first one immediately after the Soviet reoccupation of Bessarabia until the end of the 1940s and the second one in the mid-1950s.
[31]
[32]
In the years 1947 to 1949, the architect
Alexey Shchusev
developed a plan with the aid of a team of architects for the gradual reconstruction of the city.
[
citation needed
]
There was rapid population growth in the 1950s, to which the Soviet administration responded by constructing large-scale housing and palaces in the style of
Stalinist architecture
. This process continued under
Nikita Khrushchev
, who called for construction under the slogan "good, cheaper, and built faster." The new
architectural style
brought about dramatic change and generated the style that dominates today, with large
blocks of flats
arranged in considerable settlements.
[
citation needed
]
These Khrushchev-era buildings are often informally called
Khrushchyovka
.
The period of the most significant
redevelopment of the city
began in 1971, when the
Council of Ministers
of the Soviet Union adopted a decision "On the measures for further development of the city of Kishinev," which secured more than one billion
rubles
in investment from the
state budget
,
[33]
and continued until the
independence of Moldova
in 1991. The share of dwellings built during the Soviet period (1951?1990) represents 74.3 percent of total households.
[34]
On 4 March 1977, the city was again jolted by a devastating
earthquake
. Several people were killed, and panic broke out.
On 22 April 1993, the city inaugurated the Monument to the Victims of Jewish Ghettos, a public monument centring on a bronze statue of the
Biblical prophet
Moses
, which serves as a symbol of remembrance to the thousands of Jews who perished during the holocaust. The monument was designed by architect Simeon Shoihet and sculptor Naum Epelbaum. It stands on Ierusalim Street, marking the site of the main entrance to the Chi?in?u ghetto, which was established in the lower part of the city in July 1941, shortly after the German and Romanian troops occupied the area.
[35]
After independence
[
edit
]
Since
Moldovan independence
following the
dissolution of the Soviet Union
, many streets of Chi?in?u have been
renamed after historic persons, places or events
. Independence from the Soviet Union was followed by a large-scale renaming of streets and localities from a Communist theme into a national one.
[36]
On 5 September 2022, the country's first Christian university Universitatea Moldo-American? opened its doors, supported by the Scandinavian broadcaster
Visjon Norge
and several donors in
Norway
, and run in cooperation with the
American Southeastern University
in
Florida
,
United States
.
[37]
Following
Russia's invasion of Ukraine
, Moldova allowed more than 600,000 Ukrainian civilians to flee Ukraine across their border. Despite being among the
poorest states in Europe
, Moldova has continued to host more than 100,000
Ukrainian refugees
, many of them in Chi?in?u.
[38]
[39]
[40]
On 23 November 2022, the Chi?in?u Court of Appeal ruled that
Chi?in?u International Airport
will return to state ownership, according to
justice minister
Sergiu Litvinenco
, more than three months after an international court allowed Moldova to terminate a 49-year concession deal with airport operator Avia Invest.
[41]
In April 2023, the
Dutch government
opened a new embassy in Chi?in?u.
[42]
On 21 May 2023, tens of thousands of Moldovans took to the streets in a massive rally, the
European Moldova National Assembly
, to support the country's
European Union membership bid
.
[43]
[44]
Moldovan police said more than 75,000 demonstrators were present at the rally organised by Moldovan president
Maia Sandu
.
[45]
Later that month, Chi?in?u hosted a major international summit of the
European Political Community
organised to discuss the illegal Russian invasion of Ukraine as well as cybersecurity, migration and energy security, and regional issues in
Azerbaijan
,
Armenia
, and
clashes in Kosovo
.
[46]
[47]
[48]
Geography
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u is located on the river
Bac
, a tributary of the
Dniester
, at
47°0′N
28°55′E
/
47.000°N 28.917°E
/
47.000; 28.917
, with an area of 120 km
2
(46 sq mi). The municipality comprises 635 km
2
(245 sq mi).
The city lies in central Moldova and is surrounded by a relatively level landscape with very fertile ground.
Climate
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u has a
humid continental climate
(
Koppen climate classification
Dfa
) characterised by warm summers and cold, windy winters. Winter minimum temperatures are often below 0 °C (32 °F), although they rarely drop below ?10 °C (14 °F). In summer, the average maximum temperature is approximately 25 °C (77 °F), however, temperatures occasionally reach 35 to 40 °C (95 to 104 °F) in mid-summer in downtown. Although average
humidity
during summer is relatively low, most of the annual
precipitation
occurs during summer, causing infrequent yet heavy storms.
Spring and autumn temperatures vary between 16 and 24 °C (61 and 75 °F), and precipitation during this time tends to be lower than in summer but with more frequent yet milder periods of rain.
Climate data for Chi?in?u (1991?2020, extremes 1886?present)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
16.6
(61.9)
|
20.7
(69.3)
|
25.7
(78.3)
|
31.6
(88.9)
|
35.9
(96.6)
|
37.5
(99.5)
|
39.4
(102.9)
|
39.2
(102.6)
|
37.3
(99.1)
|
32.6
(90.7)
|
23.8
(74.8)
|
18.3
(64.9)
|
39.4
(102.9)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
1.1
(34.0)
|
3.4
(38.1)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
16.4
(61.5)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
26.1
(79.0)
|
28.4
(83.1)
|
28.3
(82.9)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
15.5
(59.9)
|
8.1
(46.6)
|
2.7
(36.9)
|
15.3
(59.5)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?1.8
(28.8)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
4.5
(40.1)
|
11.0
(51.8)
|
16.8
(62.2)
|
20.7
(69.3)
|
22.9
(73.2)
|
22.6
(72.7)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
10.8
(51.4)
|
4.8
(40.6)
|
?0.2
(31.6)
|
10.7
(51.3)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
?4.2
(24.4)
|
?3.0
(26.6)
|
0.7
(33.3)
|
6.3
(43.3)
|
11.8
(53.2)
|
15.9
(60.6)
|
17.9
(64.2)
|
17.5
(63.5)
|
12.5
(54.5)
|
7.1
(44.8)
|
2.1
(35.8)
|
?2.5
(27.5)
|
6.8
(44.2)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?28.4
(?19.1)
|
?28.9
(?20.0)
|
?21.1
(?6.0)
|
?6.6
(20.1)
|
?1.1
(30.0)
|
3.6
(38.5)
|
7.8
(46.0)
|
5.5
(41.9)
|
?2.4
(27.7)
|
?10.8
(12.6)
|
?21.6
(?6.9)
|
?22.4
(?8.3)
|
?28.9
(?20.0)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
36
(1.4)
|
31
(1.2)
|
35
(1.4)
|
39
(1.5)
|
54
(2.1)
|
65
(2.6)
|
67
(2.6)
|
49
(1.9)
|
48
(1.9)
|
47
(1.9)
|
43
(1.7)
|
41
(1.6)
|
555
(21.8)
|
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
|
7
(2.8)
|
6
(2.4)
|
3
(1.2)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
1
(0.4)
|
3
(1.2)
|
7
(2.8)
|
Average rainy days
|
8
|
7
|
11
|
13
|
14
|
14
|
12
|
10
|
10
|
11
|
12
|
10
|
132
|
Average snowy days
|
13
|
13
|
8
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
6
|
11
|
51
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
82
|
78
|
71
|
63
|
60
|
63
|
62
|
60
|
66
|
73
|
81
|
83
|
70
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
70
|
96
|
155
|
210
|
283
|
301
|
326
|
308
|
220
|
162
|
81
|
65
|
2,277
|
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net
[49]
|
Source 2:
NOAA
(sun, 1991?2020)
[50]
|
Law and government
[
edit
]
Municipality
[
edit
]
Moldova is administratively subdivided into 3 municipalities, 32 districts, and 2 autonomous units. With a population of 662,836 inhabitants (as of 2014), the Municipality of Chi?in?u (which includes the nearby communities) is the largest of these municipalities.
[51]
Besides the city itself, the municipality comprises 34 other suburban localities: 6 towns (containing further 2 villages within), and 12 communes (containing further 14 villages within). The population, as of the
2014 Moldovan census
,
[7]
is shown in brackets:
Cities/towns
[
edit
]
Communes
[
edit
]
- B?cioi
(10,175)
- Br?ila
- Frumu?ica
- Str?isteni
- Bubuieci
(8,047)
- Bude?ti
(4,928)
- Ciorescu
(5,961)
- Coloni?a
(3,367)
- Condri?a
(595)
- Cruze?ti
(1,815)
- Ghidighici
(5,051)
- Gr?tie?ti
(6,183)
- St?uceni
(8,694)
- Tohatin
(2,596)
- Tru?eni
(10,380)
Administration
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u is governed by the City Council and the
Mayor
(
Romanian
:
Primar
), both elected once every four years.
Local government
[
edit
]
The municipality in its totality elects a mayor and a local council, which then name five
pretors
, one for each sector. They deal more locally with administrative matters. Each sector claims a part of the city and several suburbs:
[52]
Economy
[
edit
]
Historically, the city was home to fourteen factories in 1919.
[24]
Chi?in?u is the financial and business capital of Moldova. Its GDP comprises about 60% of the national economy
[53]
reached in 2012 the amount of 52 billion lei (US$4 billion). Thus, the GDP per capita of Chi?in?u stood at 227% of the Moldova's average. Chi?in?u has the largest and most developed mass media sector in Moldova, and is home to several related companies ranging from leading television networks and radio stations to major newspapers. All national and international banks (15) have their headquarters located in Chi?in?u.
Notable sites around Chi?in?u include Cineplex Loteanu, the new malls
MallDova
, Port Mall and best-known retailers, such as N1, Linella, Kaufland, Fourchette and Metro. While many locals continue to shop at the
bazaars
, many upper class residents and tourists shop at the retail stores and at MallDova. Jumbo, an older mall in the Botanica district, and Sun City, in the centre, are more popular with locals.
Several amusement parks exist around the city. A
Soviet
-era one is located in the Botanica district, along the three lakes of a major park, which reaches the outskirts of the city centre. Another, the modern Aventura Park, is located farther from the centre. The Chi?in?u State Circus, which used to be in a grand building in the Ra?cani sector, has been inactive for several years due to a poorly funded renovation project.
[54]
Demographics
[
edit
]
City of Chi?in?u
Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1812
[55]
| 7,000
| ?
|
---|
1818
[55]
| 10,966
| +7.77%
|
---|
1835
[55]
| 34,079
| +6.90%
|
---|
1847
[55]
| 43,965
| +2.15%
|
---|
1851
| 58,849
| +7.56%
|
---|
1865
| 94,047
| +3.41%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1897(c)
[56]
| 108,483
| +0.45%
|
---|
1912
| 121,000
| +0.73%
|
---|
1930(c)
[56]
| 114,896
| ?0.29%
|
---|
1950
| 134,000
| +0.77%
|
---|
1963
| 253,500
| +5.03%
|
---|
1980
| 519,200
| +4.31%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1991
| 676,700
| +2.44%
|
---|
2004(c)
[57]
| 589,446
| ?1.06%
|
---|
2014(c)
[3]
| 532,513
| ?1.01%
|
---|
2017(e)
[58]
| 685,900
| +8.80%
|
---|
2019(e)
[4]
| 639,000
| ?3.48%
|
---|
|
c-census; e-estimate
|
Municipality of Chi?in?u
Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
1959(c)
| 258,910
| ?
|
---|
1970(c)
| 415,956
| +4.40%
|
---|
1979(c)
| 589,140
| +3.94%
|
---|
1989(c)
| 770,948
| +2.73%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±% p.a.
|
---|
2004(c)
| 712,218
| ?0.53%
|
---|
2014(c)
| 662,836
| ?0.72%
|
---|
2017(e)
| 820,500
| +7.37%
|
---|
2019(e)
| 779,300
| ?2.54%
|
---|
|
c-census; e-estimate; Source:
[4]
[59]
|
According to the results of the 2014 Moldovan census, conducted in May 2014, 532,513 inhabitants live within the Chi?in?u city limits. This represents a 9.7% drop in the number of residents compared to the results of the
2004 census
.
Natural statistics (2015):
[60]
Population by sector:
Sector
|
Population (2004 cen.)
[60]
|
Population (2019 est.)
[4]
|
Botanica
|
156,633
|
170,600
|
Buiucani
|
107,744
|
110,100
|
Centru
|
90,494
|
96,200
|
Ciocana
|
101,834
|
115,900
|
Ra?cani
|
132,740
|
146,200
|
Ethnic composition
[
edit
]
Population of Chi?in?u according to ethnic group (Censuses 1930?2014)
Ethnic
group
|
1930
1
|
1941
2
|
1959
3
|
1970
4
|
1989
5
|
2004
6
|
2014
7
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Moldovans
*
|
48,456
|
42.17
|
43,024
|
81.24
|
69,722
|
32.38
|
137,942
|
37.90
|
366,468
|
51.26
|
481,626
|
68.94
|
304,860
|
67.18
|
Romanians
*
|
331
|
0.15
|
513
|
0.14
|
?
|
31,984
|
4.58
|
65,605
|
14.46
|
Russians
|
19,631
|
17.09
|
5,915
|
11.17
|
69,600
|
32.22
|
110,449
|
30.35
|
181,002
|
25.32
|
99,149
|
14.19
|
42,174
|
9.29
|
Ukrainians
|
563
|
0.49
|
1,745
|
3.29
|
25,930
|
12.00
|
51,103
|
14.04
|
98,190
|
13.73
|
58,945
|
8.44
|
26,991
|
5.95
|
Bulgarians
|
541
|
0.47
|
183
|
0.35
|
1,811
|
0.84
|
3,855
|
1.06
|
9,224
|
1.29
|
8,868
|
1.27
|
4,850
|
1.07
|
Gagauz
|
?
|
17
|
0.03
|
1,476
|
0.68
|
2,666
|
0.73
|
6,155
|
0.86
|
6,446
|
0.92
|
3,108
|
0.68
|
Others
|
45,705
|
39.78
|
2,078
|
3.92
|
45,626
|
21.12
|
54,688
|
15.03
|
47,525
|
6.65
|
11,605
|
1.66
|
6,210
|
1.37
|
Total
|
114,896
|
52,962
|
216,005
|
363,940
|
714,928
|
712,218
|
469,402
|
*
Since the independence of Moldova, there is an
ongoing controversy
over whether
Moldovans
and
Romanians
are the same ethnic group.
**
These percentages are for the 469,402 reviewed citizens in the 2014 census that answered the ethnicity question. An additional estimated 193,434 inhabitants of the Municipality of Chi?in?u weren't reviewed.
|
1
Source:
[1]
.
2
Source:
[2]
Archived
1 November 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
.
3
Source:
[3]
.
4
Source:
[4]
.
5
Source:
[5]
.
6
Source:
[6]
.
7
Source:
[7]
.
|
Languages
[
edit
]
Languages usually spoken in Chi?in?u (Censuses 1989?2014)
First
language
|
1989
1
|
2004
2
|
2014
3
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Number
|
%
|
Romanian
*
|
?
|
258,910
|
37.06
|
197,101
|
43.78
|
Moldovan
*
|
117,527
|
17.34
|
199,547
|
28.56
|
133,027
|
29.55
|
Russian
|
482,436
|
71.20
|
234,037
|
33.50
|
115,434
|
25.64
|
Other languages
|
77,627
|
11.46
|
6,106
|
0.87
|
4,635
|
1.03
|
Total
|
714,928
|
712,218
|
469,402
|
*
The Moldovan language represents the
glottonym
(
dialect
) given to the Romanian language in the Republic of Moldova.
|
1
Surs?:
[8]
[
failed verification
]
.
2
Surs?:
[9]
.
3
Surs?:
[10]
.
|
Religion
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u is the seat of the
Moldovan Orthodox Church
, as well as of the
Metropolis of Bessarabia
. The city has multiple churches and
synagogues
.
[24]
Cityscape
[
edit
]
Panorama of Chi?in?u at night
Architecture
[
edit
]
Soviet-style apartment buildings in Chi?in?u
Romashka Tower, the tallest building in Moldova
Chi?in?u's growth plan was developed in the 19th century. In 1836 the construction of the
Kishinev Cathedral
and its
belfry
was finished. The belfry was demolished in Soviet times and was rebuilt in 1997. Chi?in?u also displays a tremendous number of Orthodox churches and 19th-century buildings around the city such as
Ciuflea Monastery
or the
Transfiguration Church
. Much of the city is made from limestone quarried from
Cricova
, leaving a famous
wine cellar
there.
Many modern-style buildings have been built in the city since 1991. There are many office and shopping complexes that are modern, renovated or newly built, including Kentford, SkyTower, and
Union Fenosa
headquarters. However, the old Soviet-style clusters of living blocks are still an extensive feature of the cityscape.
Culture and education
[
edit
]
Education
[
edit
]
The city is home to 9 public and 8 private universities, the
Academy of Sciences of Moldova
, a number of institutions offering high school and 1?2 years of
college education
. Among them are
Moldova State University
, the
Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova
,
Alexandru cel Bun Military Academy
,
Nicolae Testemi?anu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy
, and
Ion Creang? State Pedagogical University
.
On 5 September 2022, the country's first Christian university Universitatea Moldo-American? opened its doors, supported by the Scandinavian broadcaster
Visjon Norge
and several donors in
Norway
, and run in cooperation with the
American Southeastern University
in
Florida
,
United States
.
[37]
In Chi?in?u there are several museums. The three national museums are the National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History, the
National Museum of Fine Arts
, and the
National Museum of History of Moldova
. The National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History was founded in October 1889 by baron Alexandru Stuart, moved to its current location in 1905, and is the oldest museum in Moldova.
[61]
It houses more than 135,000 exhibit pieces, among them a life-sized reconstruction of the skeleton of a dinothere, discovered in the Rezine region in 1966.
[62]
It also includes exhibits on
natural history
,
natural sciences
,
archaeology
,
paleontology
,
geology
, and
ethnography
.
[63]
The building was designed by the architect
Vladimir Tsyganko
in a distinctive
Moorish architectural style
with a signature frontal facade consisting of a triangular pediment supported by two
Doric columns
.
[64]
[65]
The
National Library of Moldova
is also located in Chi?in?u.
[66]
Events and festivals
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u, as well as Moldova as a whole, still show signs of ethnic culture. Signs that say "Patria Mea" (English: My homeland) can be found all over the capital. While few people still wear traditional Moldavian attire, large public events often draw in such original costumes.
Moldova National Wine Day
and
Wine Festival
take place every year in the first weekend of October, in Chi?in?u. The events celebrate the autumn harvest and recognises the country's long history of winemaking, which dates back to at least 3,000 BCE.
[67]
[68]
Moldova has been called the wine capital of Europe and its yearly festival is a major cultural and tourist event, and every year the streets are filled with people enjoying food, wine, dance, and music taking over the streets.
[9]
[69]
Moldova's most-awarded sommelier Mihai Druta has described Moldovan wine as being about "small producers and family wineries making premium wine. And nothing costs more than 100 Euro a bottle."
[69]
The Daily Express
in 2019 described the city as "Europe's latest hotspot" in which journalist Maisha Frost praised "its wines, monumental wineries and their epic tasting sessions."
[70]
She described the city's Carpe Diem
wine bar
as "the flagship for a flourishing new breed of craft-style makers."
Media
[
edit
]
The majority of Moldova's
media industry
is based in Chi?in?u. There are almost 30 FM-radio stations and 10 TV-channels broadcasting in Chi?in?u. The first radio station in Chi?in?u,
Radio Basarabia
, was launched by the
Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company
on 8 October 1939, when the religious service was broadcast on air from the
Nativity Cathedral
. The first TV station in the city,
Moldova 1
, was launched on 30 April 1958, while
Nicolae Lupan
was serving as the redactor-in-chief of
TeleRadio-Moldova
.
[71]
The state national broadcaster in the country is the
state-owned
Moldova 1
, which has its head office in the city. The broadcasts of
TeleradioMoldova
have been criticised by the Independent Journalism Center as showing 'bias' towards the authorities.
[72]
Other TV channels based in Chi?in?u are
Pro TV Chi?in?u
,
PRIME
,
Jurnal TV
,
Publika TV
, CTC,
DTV
, Euro TV,
TV8
, etc. In addition to television, most Moldovan radio and newspaper companies have their headquarters in the city. Broadcasters include the national radio
Vocea Basarabiei
, Prime FM, BBC Moldova, Radio Europa Libera, Kiss FM Chi?in?u, Pro FM Chi?in?u, Radio 21, Fresh FM, Radio Nova,
Russkoye Radio
, Hit FM Moldova, and many others.
The biggest broadcasters are SunTV,
StarNet
(IPTV),
Moldtelecom
(IPTV), Satellit and Zebra TV. In 2007 SunTV and Zebra launched
digital TV
cable networks.
Politics
[
edit
]
Elections
[
edit
]
Transport
[
edit
]
Airport
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u International Airport
offers connections to major destinations in Europe and Asia.
FlyOne
and
HiSky
airlines have their headquarters, and Wizz-Air has its hub on the grounds of Chi?in?u International Airport.
[73]
Road
[
edit
]
The most popular form of internal
transport in Moldova
is generally the bus.
[
citation needed
]
Although the city has just three main terminals, buses generally serve as the
means of transport
between cities in and outside of Moldova. Popular destinations include
Tiraspol
,
Odesa
(Ukraine),
Ia?i
and
Bucharest
(Romania).
Rail
[
edit
]
The second most popular form of domestic transportation within Moldova is via railways. The total length of the network managed by
Moldovan Railway
(as of 2009
[update]
) is 1,232 kilometres (766 miles). The entire network is single track and is not electrified. The central hub of all railways is
Chi?in?u Central Railway Station
. There is another smaller railway station ?
Revaca
located on the city's ends.
Chi?in?u Railway Station has an international railway terminal with connections to
Bucharest
,
Kyiv
,
Minsk
,
Odesa
, Moscow,
Samara
,
Varna
and
St. Petersburg
. Due to the simmering conflict between Moldova and the unrecognised
Transnistria republic
the rail traffic towards Ukraine is occasionally stopped.
[
citation needed
]
Public transport
[
edit
]
Trolleybuses
[
edit
]
There is wide
trolleybus
network operating as common public transportation within city. From 1994, Chi?in?u saw the establishment of new trolleybus lines, as well as an increase in capacity of existing lines, to improve connections between the urban districts. The network comprises 22 trolleybus lines being 246 km (153 mi) in length. Trolleybuses run between 05:00 and 03:00. There are 320 units daily operating in Chi?in?u. However the requirements are as minimum as 600 units.
[
clarification needed
]
A trolleybus ticket costs 6 lei (ca. $0.31). It is the cheapest method of transport within Chi?in?u municipality.
Buses
[
edit
]
There are 29 lines of buses within Chi?in?u municipality. At each public transportation stops there is attached a schedule for buses and trolleybuses. There are approximately 330 public transportation stops within Chi?in?u municipality. There is a big lack of buses inside city limits, with only 115 buses operating within Chi?in?u.
[74]
Minibuses
[
edit
]
In Chi?in?u and its suburbs, privately operated minibuses known as "
rutieras
" generally follow the major bus and
trolleybus
routes and appear more frequently.
[75]
As of October 2017, there are 1,100 units of minibuses operating within Chi?in?u. Minibuses services are priced the same as buses ? 3
lei
for a ticket (ca. $0.18).
[76]
Traffic
[
edit
]
The city traffic becomes more congested as each year passes. Nowadays there are about 300,000 cars in the city plus 100,000 transit transports coming to the city each day.
[
citation needed
]
The number of personal transports is expected to reach 550,000 (without transit) by 2025.
[
citation needed
]
Sport
[
edit
]
There are three professional
football
clubs in Chi?in?u:
Zimbru
and Dacia Buiucani of the
Moldovan Super Liga
(first level),
Real Succes
and Victoria Bardar the
Liga 1
(second level). Of the larger public multi-use stadiums in the city is the Stadionul Dinamo (Dinamo Stadium), which has a capacity of 2,692. The
Zimbru Stadium
, opened in May 2006 with a capacity of 10,500 sitting places, meets all the requirements for holding official international matches, and was the venue for all
Moldova
's
Euro 2008
qualifying games.
There are discussions to build a new Olympic stadium with capacity of circa 25,000 seats, that would meet all international requirements. Since 2011
CS Femina-Sport Chi?in?u
has organised women's competitions in seven sports.
Notable people
[
edit
]
Natives
[
edit
]
- Olga Bancic
, known for her role in the French Resistance during World War II
- Petru Cazacu
, Prime Minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic in 1918
- Maria Cebotari
, Romanian soprano and actress, one of Europe's greatest opera stars in the 1930s and 1940s
- Toma Ciorb?
, Romanian physician and hospital director
- Claudia Cobizev
, Moldovan sculptor
- Ion Cu?elaba
, UFC light heavyweight fighter
- William F. Friedman
, American cryptologist
- Dennis Gaitsgory
, professor of mathematics at Harvard University
- Natalia Gheorghiu
, pediatric surgeon and professor
- Sarah Gorby
, French-Jewish singer
- Anatole Jakovsky
, French art critic
- Boris Katz
, computer scientist at MIT
- Nathaniel Kleitman
, American physiologist
- Avigdor Lieberman
, Israeli politician
- Grigory Lvovsky
, composer
- Boris Mints
, Russian billionaire
- Lewis Milestone
, American motion picture director
- Sacha Moldovan
, American expressionist and post-impressionist painter
- Ilya Oleynikov
, comic actor and television personality
- Nina Pekerman
, Israeli triathlete
- Lev Pisarzhevsky
, Soviet chemist
- Vitaliy Pushkar
, Ukrainian rally driver
- Andrew Rayel
, stage name of Andrei Ra??, a Moldovan DJ
- Yulia Sister
, Israeli chemist
- Alexander Ulanovsky
, the chief illegal "
rezident
" for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU), prisoner in the Soviet Gulag
- Maria Winetzkaja
, American opera singer in the 1910s?1920s
- Iona Yakir
, Red Army commander executed during the Great Purge
- Chaim Yassky
, Jewish physician killed in the
Hadassah medical convoy massacre
- Sam Zemurray
, American businessman who made his fortune in the banana trade
- Sergey Spivak
, Moldovan Heavyweight UFC fighter
- Rusanda Panfili, Classical violinist & composer
- Patricia Kopatchinskaja
, Classical Violinist
Residents
[
edit
]
- Dan Balan
, musician, singer, songwriter, and record producer
- Gheorghe Botezatu
, American engineer, businessman and pioneer of helicopter flight
- Eugen Doga
, composer
- Nicolae Testemi?anu
, physician
- Timofei Mo?neaga
, physician
- Israel Gohberg
, Soviet and Israeli mathematician
- Dovid Knut
, poet and member of the French Resistance
- Sigmund Mogulesko
, singer, actor, and composer
- Pasha Parfeny
, Singer, Musician, songwriter and who represented for the
Eurovision Song Contest 2012
and
2023
- SunStroke Project
, Moldovan representative for the
Eurovision Song Contests 2010
and
2017
- Zlata Tkach
, composer and music educator
- Maria Biesu
, operatic soprano
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Chi?in?u is
twinned
with:
[77]
- Alba Iulia
, Romania (2011)
- Ankara
, Turkey (2004)
- Borlange
, Sweden (2009)
- Bucharest
, Romania (1999)
- Chernivtsi
, Ukraine (2014)
- Grenoble
, France (1977)
- Ia?i
, Romania (2008)
- Kyiv
, Ukraine (1999)
- Mannheim
, Germany (1989)
- Odesa
, Ukraine (1994)
- Reggio Emilia
, Italy (1989)
- Sacramento
, United States (1990)
- Suceava
, Romania (2021)
[78]
- Tbilisi
, Georgia (2011)
- Tel Aviv
, Israel (2000)
- Yerevan
, Armenia (2000)
Notes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Brezianu, Andrei; Spanu, Vlad (2010).
The A to Z of Moldova
. Scarecrow Press. p. 81.
ISBN
9781461672036
.
Archived
from the original on 17 May 2015
. Retrieved
26 December
2013
.
- ^
"Planul Urbanistic General al Municipiului Chi?in?u"
(Press release). Chi?in?u City Hall.
Archived
from the original on 4 March 2016
. Retrieved
20 January
2013
.
- ^
a
b
"Principalele rezultate ale RPL 2014"
(Press release). National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova. 31 March 2017.
Archived
from the original on 7 September 2017
. Retrieved
7 September
2017
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
"Chi?in?u in cifre. Anuar statistic 2018 ? p. 10"
(PDF)
. National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 22 May 2021
. Retrieved
18 January
2021
.
- ^
"Regional Gross Domestic Product by economic activities, 2013?2015"
.
statbank.statistica.md
. Chi?in?u:
NBS
. 2015
. Retrieved
10 October
2022
.
- ^
"Sub-national HDI ? Area Database ? Global Data Lab"
.
hdi.globaldatalab.org
.
Archived
from the original on 23 September 2018
. Retrieved
13 September
2018
.
- ^
a
b
"Population by commune, sex and age groups"
(Press release). National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova. 31 March 2017.
Archived
from the original on 14 November 2017
. Retrieved
7 September
2017
.
- ^
"Moldova Pitoreasc?"
[The picturesque Moldova]
(PDF)
.
natura2000oltenita-chiciu.ro
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 18 May 2019
. Retrieved
10 October
2022
.
- ^
a
b
Erizanu, Paula (1 June 2023).
"I've come to love Chi?in?u: my home city in Moldova deserves the spotlight"
.
The Guardian
.
ISSN
0261-3077
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"Chisinau city guide: Where to eat, drink and stay in Moldova's capital"
.
The Independent
. 30 September 2021
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Martus, Vladlena (12 June 2019).
"The Nativity Cathedral in Chisinau, a masterpiece of Neoclassicism"
.
itinari
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"History of Chi?in?u"
.
Kishinev.info
(in Romanian). Archived from
the original
on 22 July 2003
. Retrieved
12 October
2008
.
- ^
"Istoria Ora?ului I"
.
BasarabiaVeche.Com
(in Romanian). Archived from
the original
on 1 March 2012
. Retrieved
11 June
2010
.
- ^
"Transindex ? Hataron tuli magyar helysegnevszotar"
.
Sebok2.adatbank.transindex.ro
.
Archived
from the original on 22 December 2016
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
"Racz Anita"
(PDF)
.
Mnytud.arts.unideb.hu
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 14 July 2014
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
Zamfir C. Arbure (1 January 1898).
"Basarabia in secolul XIX ..."
C. Gobl – via Internet Archive.
- ^
(in Romanian)
... ora?ul nostru n-a avut niciodat? un primar ca neintrecutul Carol Schmidt.
?
Pavel Cuzminschi, "Din amintirile lui Pavel Cuzminschi", in revista "Via?a Basarabiei", 1934, nr. 9.
- ^
"Un bust al fostului primar al Chi?in?ului, Carol Schmidt, a fost dezvelit in capital?"
. Publika .Md. Archived from
the original
on 14 May 2014
. Retrieved
14 May
2014
.
- ^
Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition
- ^
"The Jewish Community of Kishinev"
. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.
Archived
from the original on 24 June 2018
. Retrieved
24 June
2018
.
- ^
Penkower, Monty Noam (10 September 2004).
"The Kishinev Pogrom of 1903: A Turning Point in Jewish History"
.
Modern Judaism
.
24
(3): 187?225.
doi
:
10.1093/mj/kjh017
.
S2CID
170968039
.
Archived
from the original on 7 April 2019
. Retrieved
27 January
2019
– via Project MUSE.
- ^
Encyclopaedia Judaica, Vol 10, page 1066. Jerusalem, 1971.
- ^
a
b
"VIRTUAL KISHINEV ? 1903 Pogrom"
.
Kishinev.moldline.net
.
Archived
from the original on 27 September 2018
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
a
b
c
Kaba, John (1919).
Politico-economic Review of Basarabia
. United States: American Relief Administration. p. 12.
Archived
from the original on 5 October 2013
. Retrieved
3 October
2013
.
- ^
Andrei Brezianu; Vlad Spanu (26 May 2010).
The A to Z of Moldova
. Scarecrow Press. pp. 116?.
ISBN
978-0-8108-7211-0
.
Archived
from the original on 21 December 2019
. Retrieved
25 April
2018
.
- ^
"Building Damage vs. Territorial Casualty Patterns during the Vrancea (Romania) Earthquakes of 1940 and 1977"
(PDF)
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 31 October 2017
. Retrieved
29 April
2018
.
- ^
"75 de ani de la cutremurul din 1940"
. 10 November 2015.
Archived
from the original on 29 April 2018
. Retrieved
29 April
2018
.
- ^
Paslariuc, Virgil.
"Cine a devastat Chi?in?ul in iulie 1941?"
[Who devastated Chisinau in July 1941?].
Historia.ro
(in Romanian). Archived from
the original
on 20 June 2012.
- ^
"Ghettos: Memories of the Holocaust: Kishinev (Chi?in?u) (1941?1944)"
.
Jewish Virtual Library
. Archived from
the original
on 11 March 2017
. Retrieved
11 October
2022
.
- ^
St?nic?, Viorel (2007).
"Administrarea teritoriului Romaniei in timpul celui de-al doilea R?zboi Mondial"
.
Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences
(in Romanian).
9
(19): 107?116.
- ^
invitat, Autor (15 June 2011).
"70 years ago today: 13?14 June 1941, 300,000 were deported from Bessarabia"
.
Moldova.org
.
Archived
from the original on 7 April 2019
. Retrieved
7 April
2019
.
- ^
Pereltsvaig, Asya (8 October 2014).
"Stalin's Ethnic Deportations?and the Gerrymandered Ethnic Map"
.
LanguagesOfTheWorld.info
.
Archived
from the original on 26 April 2018
. Retrieved
25 April
2018
.
- ^
"Chisinau ? the capital of Moldova: Architecture"
.
kishinev.info
. Archived from
the original
on 13 May 2010
. Retrieved
11 June
2010
.
- ^
"Energy consumption in households"
.
NBS
.
Archived
from the original on 15 April 2017
. Retrieved
14 April
2017
.
- ^
"Monument to the Victims of Jewish Ghetto in Chisinau, Moldova"
.
GPSmyCity
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Light, Duncan; Nicolae, Ion; Suditu, Bogdan (September 2002).
"Toponymy and the Communist city: Street names in Bucharest, 1948?1965"
.
GeoJournal
.
56
(2): 135?144.
doi
:
10.1023/A:1022469601470
.
S2CID
140915309
.
Archived
from the original on 29 May 2021
. Retrieved
15 March
2021
.
- ^
a
b
"First Christian university opens in Moldova"
.
Christian Network Europe
. 5 September 2022
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"Moldova's efforts in hosting and providing safe transit to Ukrainian refugees applauded by OSCE PA migration committee"
.
www.oscepa.org
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Carter, Bryan (24 February 2023).
"Ukrainian refugees in Moldova: Warmly welcomed but dreaming of home"
.
Euronews
. Retrieved
6 July
2023
.
- ^
Krasteva, Gergana (16 April 2023).
"Tears of Ukrainian refugees in Moldova still in limbo as they wait to go home"
.
Metro
. Retrieved
6 July
2023
.
- ^
"Moldova takes back control of Chisinau Airport ? minister"
.
seenews.com
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Zaken, Ministerie van Buitenlandse (19 April 2023).
"New Dutch embassy shows Dutch support for Moldova's future EU membership ? News item ? Government.nl"
.
www.government.nl
(in Dutch)
. Retrieved
6 July
2023
.
- ^
Vilcu, Irina; Timu, Andra (21 May 2023).
"Moldovans Rally to Support EU Entry, Shift Away From Russia"
.
Bloomberg News
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"Moldova: Tens of thousands gather in pro-EU rally ? DW ? 05/22/2023"
.
dw.com
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Tanas, Alexander (21 May 2023).
"Pro-government rally in Moldovan capital draws tens of thousands"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Irish, John (30 May 2023).
"European leaders head to Moldova for symbolic summit on Ukraine's doorstep"
.
Reuters
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Timu, Andra; Vilcu, Irina (1 June 2023).
"Zelenskiy Visits Summit in Moldova as European Leaders Meet"
.
Bloomberg News
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Casert, Raf; Spike, Justin; Heintz, Jim (31 May 2023).
"EU aspirant Moldova prepares to host major international summit"
.
AP News
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"Климат Кишинева (Climate of Chi?in?u)"
(in Russian). Погода и климат. Archived from
the original
on 13 December 2019
. Retrieved
20 August
2023
.
- ^
"Chisinau Climate Normals 1991?2020"
.
World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991?2020)
. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from
the original
on 20 August 2023
. Retrieved
20 August
2023
.
- ^
Moldovan Law 764-XV from 27 December 2001,
Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova
, no. 16/53, 29 December 2001
- ^
Moldovan Law 431-XIII from 19 April 1995
Archived
22 July 2011 at the
Wayback Machine
,
Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova
, no. 31-32/340, 9 June 1995
(in Romanian)
- ^
"CHI?IN?U IN CIFRE : ANUAR STATISTIC"
(PDF)
.
Statistica.md
.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 24 September 2015
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
"Sneaking into an Abandoned Soviet Circus in Moldova"
.
Ex Utopia
. 25 November 2013
. Retrieved
9 July
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Evolu?ia demografic? a ora?elor basarabene in prima jum?tate a secolului al XIX-lea"
.
Bessarabia.ru
.
Archived
from the original on 6 December 2016
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
a
b
"Jewish Population in Bessarabia and Transnistria ? Geographical"
.
Jewishgen.org
.
Archived
from the original on 26 January 2013
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
Statistics, National Bureau of (30 September 2009).
"// Population Census 2004"
.
Archived
from the original on 14 November 2010
. Retrieved
10 June
2011
.
- ^
"Populatia stabila pe orase si raioane, la 1 ianuarie, 2005?2017"
[Permanent population in cities and districts on 1 January 2005?2017]. National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova. Archived from
the original
on 7 January 2020
. Retrieved
5 December
2017
.
- ^
"Cea mai mare comun? din Republica Moldova are 11.123 de locuitori"
.
Archived
from the original on 16 November 2019
. Retrieved
18 January
2021
.
- ^
a
b
"Chi?in?u in cifre. Anuar statistic 2012"
(PDF)
(Press release). National Bureau of Statistics of Moldova.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on 24 September 2015
. Retrieved
22 April
2014
.
- ^
"National Museum Of Ethnography And Natural History"
.
Visit.MD
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"National Museum of Ethnography & Natural History | Chi?in?u, Moldova | Attractions"
.
Lonely Planet
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History registered in Smart Guide plaform"
.
www.moldpres.md
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History in Chisinau, Moldova"
.
GPSmyCity
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"National Museum of Ethnography and Natural History ? HiMoldova"
.
www.himoldova.md
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"National Library of Moldova"
. National Library of Moldova. 2022
. Retrieved
27 April
2022
.
- ^
"Moldova's 'National Wine Day'
"
.
Rferl.org
. 8 October 2013.
Archived
from the original on 14 September 2016
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
"National Wine Day in Chisinau"
.
Moldova-online.travel
. Archived from
the original
on 29 June 2016
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
a
b
"On the trail of Moldovan wine"
.
Euronews
. 13 September 2018
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
Frost, Maisha (15 August 2019).
"MOLDOVA: wine, passion, ancient wonders and stranger things"
.
The Daily Express
. Retrieved
5 July
2023
.
- ^
"Teleradio Moldova"
. Archived from
the original
on 18 January 2012
. Retrieved
8 January
2012
.
- ^
"Monitoring of programs on Radio Moldova and TV Moldova 1"
(PDF)
.
Independent Journalism Center
. Chi?in?u. 2004. Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on 24 February 2007
. Retrieved
29 November
2006
.
- ^
"Air Moldova :: Contacts"
.
Airmoldova.md
. Retrieved
17 December
2016
.
- ^
"Num?rul de troleibuze ?i autobuze care vor circula in Chi?in?u a fost majorat ? #diez"
.
Archived
from the original on 6 October 2017
. Retrieved
6 October
2017
.
- ^
"Chisinau." Chisinau Infos. World Infos, n.d. Web. 9 November 2016.
- ^
"Num?rul microbuzelor care circul? pe itinerarele din capital? s-a mic?orat cu 600 de unit??i"
.
Moldpres
. 25 September 2017. Archived from
the original
on 25 September 2017
. Retrieved
6 October
2017
.
- ^
"Ora?e infr??ite"
.
chisinau.md
(in Romanian). Chi?in?u
. Retrieved
29 November
2021
.
- ^
"Chi?in?u ?i Suceava ? ora?e infr??ite. Consiliul Municipal Chi?in?u a votat, cu majoritatea voturilor, acordul de infr??i intre cele dou? municipii"
.
tv8.md
(in Romanian).
TV8
. 23 November 2021
. Retrieved
29 November
2021
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Capitals of European states and territories
|
---|
|
Sovereign states
|
- Amsterdam
, Netherlands
1
- Andorra la Vella
, Andorra
- Ankara
, Turkey
3
- Astana
, Kazakhstan
3
- Athens
, Greece
- Baku
, Azerbaijan
3
- Belgrade
, Serbia
- Berlin
, Germany
- Bern
, Switzerland
- Bratislava
, Slovakia
- Brussels
, Belgium
2
- Bucharest
, Romania
- Budapest
, Hungary
- Chi?in?u
, Moldova
- Copenhagen
, Denmark
- Dublin
, Ireland
- Helsinki
, Finland
- Kyiv
, Ukraine
- Lisbon
, Portugal
- Ljubljana
, Slovenia
- London
, United Kingdom
- Luxembourg
, Luxembourg
- Madrid
, Spain
- Minsk
, Belarus
- Monaco
5
- Moscow
, Russia
- Nicosia
, Cyprus
3
- Oslo
, Norway
- Paris
, France
- Podgorica
, Montenegro
- Prague
, Czech Republic
- Reykjavik
, Iceland
- Riga
, Latvia
- Rome
, Italy
- San Marino
, San Marino
- Sarajevo
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Skopje
, North Macedonia
- Sofia
, Bulgaria
- Stockholm
, Sweden
- Tallinn
, Estonia
- Tbilisi
, Georgia
3
- Tirana
, Albania
- Vaduz
, Liechtenstein
- Valletta
, Malta
- Vatican City
5
- Vienna
, Austria
- Vilnius
, Lithuania
- Warsaw
, Poland
- Yerevan
, Armenia
3
- Zagreb
, Croatia
|
---|
States with
limited recognition
| |
---|
Dependencies
| |
---|
Federal states
| Austria
| |
---|
Belgium
| |
---|
Bosnia and Herzegovina
| |
---|
Germany
|
- Berlin
, Berlin
- Bremen
, Bremen
- Dresden
, Saxony
- Dusseldorf
, North Rhine-Westphalia
- Erfurt
, Thuringia
- Hamburg
, Hamburg
- Hanover
, Lower Saxony
- Kiel
, Schleswig-Holstein
- Magdeburg
, Saxony-Anhalt
- Mainz
, Rhineland-Palatinate
- Munich
, Bavaria
- Potsdam
, Brandenburg
- Saarbrucken
, Saarland
- Schwerin
, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
- Stuttgart
, Baden-Wurttemberg
- Wiesbaden
, Hesse
|
---|
Russia
| Republics
|
- Cheboksary
, Chuvashia
- Cherkessk
, Karachay-Cherkessia
- Elista
, Kalmykia
- Grozny
, Chechnya
- Izhevsk
, Udmurtia
- Kazan
, Tatarstan
- Magas
, Ingushetia
- Makhachkala
, Dagestan
- Maykop
, Adygea
- Nalchik
, Kabardino-Balkaria
- Petrozavodsk
, Karelia
- Saransk
, Mordovia
- Simferopol
, Crimea (
disputed
)
- Syktyvkar
, Komi
- Ufa
, Bashkortostan
- Vladikavkaz
, North Ossetia?Alania
- Yoshkar-Ola
, Mari El
|
---|
Autonomous okrugs
| |
---|
Krais
| |
---|
Oblasts
|
- Arkhangelsk
, Arkhangelsk Oblast
- Astrakhan
, Astrakhan Oblast
- Belgorod
, Belgorod Oblast
- Bryansk
, Bryansk Oblast
- Ivanovo
, Ivanovo Oblast
- Kaliningrad
, Kaliningrad Oblast
- Kaluga
, Kaluga Oblast
- Kirov
, Kirov Oblast
- Kostroma
, Kostroma Oblast
- Krasnogorsk
and
Moscow
, Moscow Oblast (de facto)
- Kursk
, Kursk Oblast
- Lipetsk
, Lipetsk Oblast
- Murmansk
, Murmansk Oblast
- Nizhny Novgorod
, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
- Orenburg
, Orenburg Oblast
- Oryol
, Oryol Oblast
- Penza
, Penza Oblast
- Pskov
, Pskov Oblast
- Rostov-on-Don
, Rostov Oblast
- Ryazan
, Ryazan Oblast
- Saint Petersburg
, Leningrad Oblast (de facto)
- Samara
, Samara Oblast
- Saratov
, Saratov Oblast
- Smolensk
, Smolensk Oblast
- Tambov
, Tambov Oblast
- Tula
, Tula Oblast
- Tver
, Tver Oblast
- Ulyanovsk
, Ulyanovsk Oblast
- Veliky Novgorod
, Novgorod Oblast
- Vladimir
, Vladimir Oblast
- Volgograd
, Volgograd Oblast
- Vologda
, Vologda Oblast
- Voronezh
, Voronezh Oblast
- Yaroslavl
, Yaroslavl Oblast
|
---|
Federal cities
| |
---|
|
---|
Switzerland
|
- Aarau
, Aargau
- Altdorf
, Uri
- Appenzell
, Appenzell Innerrhoden
- Basel
, Basel-Stadt
- Bellinzona
, Ticino
- Chur
, Grisons
- Delemont
, Jura
- Frauenfeld
, Thurgau
- Fribourg
, Canton of Fribourg
- Geneva
, Canton of Geneva
- Herisau
, Appenzell Ausserrhoden
- Lausanne
, Vaud
- Liestal
, Basel-Landschaft
- Lucerne
, Canton of Lucerne
- Neuchatel
, Canton of Neuchatel
- Sarnen
, Obwalden
- Schaffhausen
, Canton of Schaffhausen
- Schwyz
, Canton of Schwyz
- Sion
, Valais
- Solothurn
, Canton of Solothurn
- Stans
, Nidwalden
- St. Gallen
, Canton of St. Gallen
- Glarus
, Canton of Glarus
- Zug
, Canton of Zug
- Zurich
, Canton of Zurich
|
---|
|
---|
Autonomous
entities
| Italy
| |
---|
Portugal
| |
---|
Spain
|
- Barcelona
, Catalonia
- Las Palmas
&
Santa Cruz de Tenerife
, Canary Islands
- Logrono
, La Rioja
- Madrid
, Community of Madrid
- Merida
, Extremadura
- Murcia
, Region of Murcia
- Oviedo
, Asturias
- Palma de Mallorca
, Balearic Islands
- Pamplona
, Navarre
- Santander
, Cantabria
- Santiago de Compostela
, Galicia
- Seville
, Andalusia
- Toledo
, Castilla?La Mancha (de facto)
- Valencia
, Valencian Community
- Valladolid
, Castile and Leon (de facto)
- Vitoria-Gasteiz
, Basque Country (de facto)
- Zaragoza
, Aragon
|
---|
Other
| |
---|
|
---|
|
|
---|
International
| |
---|
National
| |
---|
Geographic
| |
---|
Other
| |
---|