Dominant political party in Tanzania
The
Chama Cha Mapinduzi
(
CCM
;
lit.
'
Party of the Revolution
'
in
English
) is the
dominant
ruling
party
in
Tanzania
and the second longest-ruling party in
Africa
, only after the
True Whig Party
of
Liberia
.
[4]
[5]
It was formed in 1977, following the merger of the
Tanganyika African National Union
(TANU) and the
Afro-Shirazi Party
(ASP), which were the sole operating parties in mainland Tanzania and the semi-autonomous islands of
Zanzibar
, respectively.
TANU and its successor CCM have ruled Tanzania uninterruptedly since independence. The party has been described as
authoritarian
.
[6]
Since the creation of a multi-party system, CCM has won the past six general elections in
1995
,
2000
,
2005
,
2010
,
2015
and
2020
.
Jakaya Kikwete
, its presidential candidate in 2005, won by a
landslide
, receiving more than 80% of the popular vote and
John Magufuli
as a candidate in 2020 garnered over 84% of the vote. In the 2010 election, the CCM won 186 of the 239
constituencies
, continuing to hold an outright majority in the
National Assembly
.
[7]
History
[
edit
]
The party was created on February 5, 1977, under the leadership of
Julius Nyerere
, through the merger of the
Tanganyika African National Union
(TANU), the ruling party in
Tanganyika
, and the
Afro-Shirazi Party
(ASP), the ruling party in
Zanzibar
.
TANU/CCM has dominated the
politics of Tanzania
since the independence of Tanganyika in 1961. Due to the merger with the ASP, from 1977 it has also been the ruling party in Zanzibar, though there its grip on power has been more contested by the
Chama cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo
(CHADEMA).
From its formation in 1977 until 1992, it was the only legally permitted party in the country. Every five years, its national chairman was automatically elected to a five-year term as president; he was confirmed in office via a referendum. At the same time, voters were presented with two CCM candidates for the
National Assembly
or Bunge. This changed on July 1, 1992, when amendments to the Constitution and a number of laws permitting and regulating the formation and operations of more than one political party were enacted by the National Assembly.
Ideology
[
edit
]
Originally a champion of
African socialism
, upholder of the system of
collectivized
agriculture known as
Ujamaa
and firmly oriented to the left, today the CCM espouses a more
mixed economic
approach. CCM hopes to continue to modernize in order to ensure:
- Increased productivity which would boost the country's revenue
- Increased employment and improved management
- Acquisition of new and modern technology
- Increased and expanded local and international markets for our products, and;
- Improved and strengthened private sector serving as the engine of the national economy while the government sharpens its focus on provision of social services, infrastructure, security and governance of the state.
Similarly, the CCM's major foreign policy focus is economic diplomacy within the international system, and peaceful coexistence with neighbors.
Electoral performance and support base
[
edit
]
The CCM has a leading role in society, despite having multiparty democracy in Tanzania since 1995, the CCM has kept to power ever since. Empirical analysis has shown that a sense of nostalgia for a party which brought independence, and which has maintained relative peace is a major cause of the CCM's support base; age had no significant determinant on loyalty to the CCM. The party has strong support from subsistence farmers.
[8]
The party has won all presidential
elections
at both the national level and in Zanzibar at the autonomous level under the multi-party system: 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015. It also dominates the legislature.
In the elections for Zanzibar's
presidency
and
House of Representatives
, held on 30 October 2005, incumbent president and CCM candidate
Amani Abeid Karume
won with 53% of the vote, while the party won 30 seats out of 50.
In the national elections for Tanzania's
presidency
and
National Assembly
, held on 14 December 2005, Foreign Minister and CCM candidate
Jakaya Kikwete
won with 80.28% of the vote. Out of the 232
seats filled through direct election
, the CCM won 206.
On 31 October 2010, Jakaya Kikwete was reelected president with 61% of the vote,
[9]
while CCM obtained 186 out of the 239 directly elected seats.
On 30 October 2015
John Magufuli
of CCM won the election with 58% of the vote. Next elections on 30 October 2020 he was reelected president with 84% of the vote.
[10]
CCM was admitted into the
Socialist International
as a full member at the SI's spring congress on 4?5 February 2013.
[11]
Leadership
[
edit
]
Current leaders
[
edit
]
Samia Suluhu Hassan
is the current Chairperson of the Chama Cha Mapinduzi following the death of John Pombe Magufuli, the former Chairman and President of United Republic of Tanzania.
National leaders
[
edit
]
- Chairwoman:
Samia Suluhu Hassan
- Vice Chairman Zanzibar:
Hussein Mwinyi
- Vice Chairman Mainland:
Abdulrahman Kinana
- Secretary General:
Daniel Chongolo
- Deputy Secretary General Zanzibar: Mohammed Mohammed
- Deputy Secretary General Mainland: Anamringi Macha
- Secretary for Organisation: Issa Ussi
- Secretary for Party Ideology and Publicity: Sophia Mjema
- Secretary for Party Affairs and International Relations: Ambassador Mbarouk Mbarouk
- Secretary for Economic Affairs and Finance: Dr. Frank George Haule Hawassi
- Secretary General Wazazi - Gilbert Kalima
- Secretary General UWT -
Jokate Mwegelo
- Secretary General UVCCM - Kenani Kihongosi
The party has a strong
political base
in rural Tanzania.
CCM Headquarters in the capital,
Dodoma
.
A mural of the party's candidates in the southern Tanzanian town of
Lindi
.
- National Chairman
- National Vice Chairman (Mainland)
- National Vice Chairman (Zanzibar)
- Secretaries General
Electoral history
[
edit
]
Presidential elections
[
edit
]
Election
|
Party candidate
|
Votes
|
%
|
Result
|
1980
|
Julius Nyerere
|
5,570,883
|
95.5%
|
Elected
Y
|
1985
|
Ali Hassan Mwinyi
|
4,778,114
|
95.68%
|
Elected
Y
|
1990
|
5,198,120
|
97.78%
|
Elected
Y
|
1995
|
Benjamin Mkapa
|
4,026,422
|
61.82%
|
Elected
Y
|
2000
|
5,863,201
|
71.74%
|
Elected
Y
|
2005
|
Jakaya Kikwete
|
9,123,952
|
80.28%
|
Elected
Y
|
2010
|
5,276,827
|
62.83%
|
Elected
Y
|
2015
|
John Magufuli
|
8,882,935
|
58.46%
|
Elected
Y
|
2020
|
12,516,252
|
84.40%
|
Elected
Y
|
Bunge elections
[
edit
]
Election
|
Party leader
|
Votes
|
%
|
Seats
|
+/?
|
Position
|
Result
|
1980
|
Julius Nyerere
|
5,417,099
|
100%
|
|
|
1st
|
Sole legal party
|
1985
|
Ali Hassan Mwinyi
|
4,768,997
|
100%
|
|
10
|
1st
|
Sole legal party
|
1990
|
5,198,120
|
97.78%
|
|
10
|
1st
|
Sole legal party
|
1995
|
Benjamin Mkapa
|
3,814,206
|
59.22%
|
|
50
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
2000
|
4,628,127
|
65.19%
|
|
29
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
2005
|
Jakaya Kikwete
|
7,579,897
|
70%
|
|
21
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
2010
|
4,641,830
|
60.20%
|
|
11
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
2015
|
John Magufuli
|
8,021,427
|
55.04%
|
|
7
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
2020
|
12,516,252
|
84.40%
|
|
90
|
1st
|
Supermajority government
|
References
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
|
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National Chairmen
| |
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Vice Chairmen (mainland)
| |
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Vice Chairmen (Zanzibar)
| |
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Secretaries General
| |
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Organisation Secretary
| |
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Ideology and Publicity Secretary
| |
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Political Affairs and
IR
Secretary
| |
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Economic Affairs and
Finance Secretary
| |
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Related
| |
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Articles related to the Chama Cha Mapinduzi
|
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|
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| Arusha Region
(4/7)
| |
---|
Dar es Salaam Region
(6/8)
| |
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Dodoma Region
(9/9)
| |
---|
Iringa Region
(10/11)
| |
---|
Kagera Region
(9/10)
| |
---|
Kigoma Region
(3/8)
| |
---|
Kilimanjaro Region
(5/9)
| |
---|
Lindi Region
(6/8)
| |
---|
Manyara Region
(5/6)
| |
---|
Mara Region
(6/7)
| |
---|
Mbeya Region
(9/11)
| |
---|
Morogoro Region
(10/10)
| |
---|
Mtwara Region
(7/7)
| |
---|
Mwanza Region
(10/13)
| |
---|
Pwani Region
(9/9)
| |
---|
Rukwa Region
(7/8)
| |
---|
Ruvuma Region
(7/7)
| |
---|
Shinyanga Region
(8/13)
| |
---|
Singida Region
(7/8)
| |
---|
Tabora Region
(9/9)
| |
---|
Tanga Region
(11/11)
| |
---|
Pemba Island
(0/18)
| |
---|
Unguja North Region
(7/8)
| |
---|
Unguja South Region
(5/5)
| |
---|
Urban West Region
(16/19)
| |
---|
Nominated by the President
(7/8)
| |
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|
|
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International
| |
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National
| |
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Other
| |
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