Radio show
Ceiling Unlimited
|
Genre
| |
---|
Running time
|
- 15 minutes (1942?1943)
- 30 minutes (1943?1944)
|
---|
Country of origin
| United States
|
---|
Language(s)
| English
|
---|
Home station
| CBS
|
---|
Hosted by
| |
---|
Starring
| Various
|
---|
Created by
| Orson Welles
|
---|
Written by
|
- Orson Welles (episodes 1?13)
- Arthur Miller
- Harry Kronman
- Winston Norman
- Mandred Lloyd
- Harry Kronman
- others
|
---|
Directed by
| Orson Welles (episodes 1?13)
|
---|
Produced by
|
- Orson Welles (episodes 1?13)
- Thomas Freebairn-Smith (after February 1943)
|
---|
Narrated by
| Orson Welles (episodes 1?13)
|
---|
Original release
| November 9, 1942 ?
April 30, 1944
|
---|
No.
of series
| 2
|
---|
No.
of episodes
| 78
|
---|
Ceiling Unlimited
(later known as
America ? Ceiling Unlimited
) (1942?1944) is a CBS radio series created by
Orson Welles
and sponsored by the
Lockheed
-
Vega
Corporation. The program was conceived to glorify the aviation industry and dramatize its role in
World War II
.
"Welles wrote, produced, and narrated this show, and his work was considered a prime contribution to the war effort," wrote the
Museum of Broadcasting
.
[1]
At the end of Welles's 13-episode contract (November 9, 1942 ? February 1, 1943),
Ceiling Unlimited
was hosted by a variety of personalities including
Charles Boyer
,
Joe E. Brown
,
Ronald Colman
,
Marlene Dietrich
,
Cary Grant
,
Alan Ladd
,
William Powell
,
Basil Rathbone
,
Edward G. Robinson
and writer
James Hilton
.
Ceiling Unlimited
began as a 15-minute drama series broadcast Mondays at 7:15 p.m. ET. The program changed format for its second season, becoming a half-hour variety show hosted by
Joseph Cotten
. Retitled
America ? Ceiling Unlimited
, the program featured vocalists
Nan Wynn
and
Constance Moore
, and music by
Wilbur Hatch
. The show aired Sundays at 2 p.m. ET beginning August 8, 1943, and ending April 30, 1944.
Production
[
edit
]
Orson Welles
and Col. Arthur I. Ennis of the
U.S. Department of War
's Bureau of Public Relations discuss plans for the new radio series
Ceiling Unlimited
(October 26, 1942)
Production line at the Vega aircraft plant in Burbank, California, c. 1941
Riveter at the Lockheed aircraft plant in Burbank, California
Orson Welles returned to the United States August 22, 1942, after six months of
filming
in
Latin America
at the behest of the
Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs
and serving as what Welles termed "a kind of Ambassador extraordinary."
[3]
: 150
Within weeks he began to plan two CBS radio dramas to be broadcast on consecutive nights:
Ceiling Unlimited
, and
Hello Americans
, a docudrama to promote inter-American understanding and friendship during
World War II
.
[4]
: 351
Ceiling Unlimited
was a morale-boosting anthology of stories about heroic tales of aviation. Described by radio historian
John Dunning
as "aggressively patriotic," the program was sponsored by the
Lockheed
-
Vega
Corporation. There were no commercial breaks; the company was content to have just three one-line mentions throughout each show. It was noted in the contemporary press that as Lockheed and Vega had only one lucrative customer ? the wartime Allied governments ? they did not need to advertise.
[5]
"Its purpose, one of simple propaganda, was to boost morale within the industry in order to underpin the vast increase in productivity the war demanded," wrote Welles biographer
Simon Callow
.
[6]
: 157
"
Ceiling Unlimited
accomplished news reportage, entertainment and education while its ever changing format kept the listener interested in the material presented," wrote biographer
Bret Wood
. "The purpose was not to strike fear into the hearts of Americans or to develop overconfidence, but to exemplify a confident, knowledgeable attitude of the war effort and to make the public aware of the sacrifices necessary to win the war."
[7]
: 123
Lockheed-Vega established a research bureau in Washington, D.C., to develop story ideas and identify true stories in the files of disparate government agencies. For his part, Welles acquainted himself with the
Flying Fortress
and other aircraft at the Lockheed-Vega plants in California, wrote biographer Frank Brady: "Sporting an employee's identification badge and wearing a silver-colored hard hat, he poked his nose into machinery, ate box lunches with executives, and talked to the workers on the assembly lines. He became enmeshed in the love of flight."
[4]
: 351?352
Welles titled the series
Ceiling Unlimited
. "He thought it both romantic and evocative," wrote biographer
Frank Brady
, "but the sponsors disagreed. For weeks, in publicity releases and other references the program was called 'the new Orson Welles Show,' and it wasn't until two days before the broadcast, when it appeared that Orson would not relent, that
Ceiling Unlimited
became official."
[4]
: 351
Playwright
Arthur Miller
was one of the writers for the show, and Welles asked him to create its format. Miller and Welles were the same age, 27; both were veterans of the
Federal Theatre Project
and they worked together easily.
[4]
: 351?352
They had worked together once before; Welles performed a nuanced drama about
Benito Juarez
?
Juarez: Thunder from the Hills
, a verse play written by Miller ? before a live audience on the September 28, 1942, broadcast of
Cavalcade of America
.
[3]
: 372
[8]
Ceiling Unlimited
began November 9, 1942. Each week, announcer Pat McGeehan repeated, "Man has always looked to the heavens for help and inspiration, and from the skies too will come his victory and his future."
[5]
Welles cast many of his
Mercury Theatre
company of actors, including
Ray Collins
,
Joseph Cotten
,
Agnes Moorehead
and
Everett Sloane
.
[9]
Bernard Herrmann
created the music for the first 13 shows.
[10]
Welles's run on the program overlapped with his other CBS radio series,
Hello Americans
, which was broadcast on Sunday nights while
Ceiling Unlimited
aired on Monday nights. His radio success was "a psychic exhilarant" for Welles, wrote biographer Frank Brady: "After the difficulties of
It's All True
and the discredit of
Ambersons
, compounded by the humiliation of being turned away by RKO, he began to regain his confidence with the positive radio reviews that appeared across the nation."
[4]
: 353
"
Ceiling Unlimited
demonstrated Welles's talent when taken to extremes," summarized biographer Bret Wood. "Fifteen minutes was hardly enough time to accomplish the different goals set forth, but he did his best to cover the spectrum of emotions and topics, sometimes to great effect but more often with campy results. The context in which the program was originally heard can never be recreated, so
Ceiling Unlimited
is impossible to objectively assess. Its sister program
Hello Americans
is less dated and for various reasons is superior to its less subdued counterpart."
[7]
: 124
Welles left
Ceiling Unlimited
at the end of his 13-episode contract, concluding the broadcast on February 1, 1943, with a statement: "For a while, the Mercury Theatre is going off the air. Next week my friend
Ronald Colman
will tell you the story about the
Douglas Dauntless
, the world's greatest dive bomber. We very much wish it were possible to go on writing and producing these radio plays. We've never been happier. … We leave with real regret."
[11]
[12]
Welles began filming on
Jane Eyre
, which he was producing and starring in, on February 3, 1943,
[13]
while also beginning preparations for
The Mercury Wonder Show
, a 1943 magic-and-variety stage show for U.S. soldiers.
[3]
: 177?180
Guest hosts
[
edit
]
Ronald Colman was the guest host on the February 8, 1943, edition of
Ceiling Unlimited
, the first to be broadcast after Welles's departure. Future shows of the season would continue to use celebrity guest hosts, including
Marlene Dietrich
,
Alan Ladd
,
Brian Donlevy
,
Frank Morgan
,
Ralph Morgan
,
Basil Rathbone
,
Robert Young
,
Cary Grant
,
Claire Trevor
,
Edward G. Robinson
,
Adolphe Menjou
, and
Walter Abel
.
[14]
From June 28 through August 2, 1943,
Ceiling Unlimited
was hosted by author
James Hilton
.
[5]
[15]
Reviewing a July broadcast,
Billboard
wrote, "Hilton's ceiling is zero-zero ... Like many other ideas, James Hilton as a radio program sounded like a million dollars on paper and a thin dime on the air."
[16]
Hilton published
Ceiling Unlimited
(1943), a boxed limited edition of 100 signed copies of his six scripts for the program.
[17]
Second season
[
edit
]
The second season of the series began August 8, 1943 and followed more of a musical/variety format, with the series retitled
America ? Ceiling Unlimited
. It was presented by Welles's friend and collaborator
Joseph Cotten
. It contained 39 episodes, the last of which was broadcast on April 30, 1944.
[9]
Such were the differences from the first season format that
Old Time Radio
enthusiast website
The Digital Deli
argues, "Any attempt to simply conflate
Ceiling Unlimited
and
America, Ceiling Unlimited
is just silly. They're entirely different formats … The only elements common to both programs were their sponsor and the phrase, Ceiling Unlimited".
[14]
John Steinbeck stories
[
edit
]
As part of the January 25, 1943, episode of
Ceiling Unlimited
, Welles presented a
John Steinbeck
short story written specifically for broadcast. Titled "With Your Wings" (sometimes appearing as "Flyer Come Home with Your Wings")
[3]
: 376
[7]
: 128
it relates the homecoming of a decorated pilot, later revealed to be black, and his realization of the meaning that his achievement has for his family and community. The script and recording are included with the Orson Welles materials at the
Lilly Library
.
[18]
Welles presented the story once more, to conclude the final episode of his CBS radio series,
The Orson Welles Almanac
, broadcast July 19, 1944.
[19]
[20]
Virtually forgotten, the story was published in November 2014, after a transcript of the broadcast was found in the archives of the
University of Texas at Austin
by Andrew Gulli, managing editor of
The Strand Magazine
.
[21]
"With Your Wings" appeared in the quarterly magazine's holiday issue. "To the best of my knowledge, and that of the Steinbeck estate, it's never been published before," Gulli wrote.
[22]
[23]
Another Steinbeck story, "Letter to Mother", was presented on
Ceiling Unlimited
January 18, 1943. The Lilly Library also holds this manuscript and recording with its Orson Welles materials.
[24]
In addition to working for the
Writers' War Board
,
[25]
Steinbeck was one of the writers who contributed to the
Voice of America
, a service of the
United States Office of War Information
.
[26]
: 65
John Houseman
, Welles's erstwhile partner in the
Mercury Theatre
, was chief of radio programming for the Overseas Branch of the OWI and ran the Voice of America from February 1942 through June 1943.
[26]
: 96, 104
[27]
Episodes
[
edit
]
The vast majority of episodes are believed to be missing, although they may still exist in private collections. Currently, six first-season episodes and four second-season episodes are in circulation among fans of
Old Time Radio
.
[14]
Ceiling Unlimited
[
edit
]
Recordings of 12 of the 13
Ceiling Unlimited
programs produced by Orson Welles are in the collection of the
Lilly Library
at
Indiana University Bloomington
. Missing from the collection is the broadcast of December 7, 1942, in which Welles reads
Norman Rosten
's poem,
Back to Bataan
; only the bound script is in the collection.
[28]
[29]
[30]
A trial recording of the first program, "Flying Fortress", can be heard at the Old Time Radio Researchers Group Library.
[a]
"War Workers" is one of four of Welles's wartime radio broadcasts included as supplementary material in the
Kino Classics
restoration of
The Stranger
(1946), released on DVD and
Blu-ray Disc
in October 2013.
[32]
#
|
Date
|
Program
|
1
|
November 9, 1942
|
"Flying Fortress" by
Ranald MacDougall
and
Norman Rosten
Cast: Orson Welles,
Erskine Sanford
,
Ray Collins
; music by
Bernard Herrmann
[33]
|
2
|
November 16, 1942
|
"Air Transport Command"
Cast: Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
[34]
|
3
|
November 23, 1942
|
"The Navigator" by Orson Welles and Milton Geiger
Cast: Orson Welles,
Joseph Cotten
, Ray Collins,
Agnes Moorehead
,
Elliott Reid
; music by Bernard Herrmann
Promoting the third broadcast in the series Welles stated, "Everyone knows the skill and courage it takes to become a pilot, but few realize the concentration, knowledge, quick wit and steady nerves required of the navigator."
[35]
[36]
|
4
|
November 30, 1942
|
"
Wind, Sand and Stars
" by
Antoine de Saint-Exupery
, adapted by Orson Welles
Cast: Orson Welles,
Burgess Meredith
; music by Bernard Herrmann
[37]
|
5
|
December 7, 1942
|
"Ballad of Bataan" by
Norman Rosten
Cast: Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
|
6
|
December 14, 1942
|
"War Workers" by
Hans Conreid
Cast: Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
Welles "interviews" members of the diverse workforce at the Vega airplane factory
[38]
[39]
|
7
|
December 21, 1942
|
"Gremlins" by
Lucille Fletcher
Cast: Orson Welles, Joseph Cotten, Agnes Moorehead,
Lou Merrill
; music by Bernard Herrmann
Christmas episode
[40]
[41]
|
8
|
December 28, 1942
|
"Pan American Airlines" by Milton Geiger
Cast: Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
[42]
[43]
|
9
|
January 4, 1943
|
"Anti-Submarine Patrol"
Cast:
Edward G. Robinson
substituting for Orson Welles;
[b]
[c]
music by Bernard Herrmann
[45]
|
10
|
January 11, 1943
|
"Finger in the Wind" by Myron Dutton
Cast: Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
[46]
|
11
|
January 18, 1943
|
"Letter to Mother" by
John Steinbeck
Cast:
Betty Garde
(Mother), Orson Welles; music by Bernard Herrmann
[24]
|
12
|
January 25, 1943
|
"Mrs. James and the Pot of Tea" by John Tucker Battle
John Steinbeck's "With Your Wings", which Welles calls "one of the best things we've had the chance to do on the air"
[3]
: 376
[7]
: 128
[18]
[28]
[29]
Cast: Orson Welles, Agnes Moorehead; music by Bernard Herrmann
|
13
|
February 1, 1943
|
"The Future"
Cast: Orson Welles (final show in his 13-episode contract); music by Bernard Herrmann
Set three years in the future at
La Guardia Airport
[47]
|
14
|
February 8, 1943
|
"Dive Bomber"
Cast:
Ronald Colman
|
15
|
February 15, 1943
|
Drama about a German mother whose son is fighting for Hitler
Cast:
Marlene Dietrich
,
Maria Riva
|
16
|
February 22, 1943
|
"Arctic Rescue"
Cast:
Alan Ladd
|
17
|
March 1, 1943
|
"Flight Surgeon"
Cast:
Ralph Morgan
,
Frank Morgan
|
18
|
March 8, 1943
|
Cast:
James Gleason
,
Pat O'Malley
|
19
|
March 15, 1943
|
"Air Transport Command"
Cast: Agnes Moorehead
|
20
|
March 22, 1943
|
"
Alberto Santos-Dumont
"
Cast:
Charles Boyer
|
21
|
March 29, 1943
|
"Mr. Split-Second"
Cast:
Basil Rathbone
|
22
|
April 5, 1943
|
|
23
|
April 12, 1943
|
|
24
|
April 19, 1943
|
"God's Corporals" and "Hymn to a Hero"
Cast:
William Powell
[d]
and Agnes Moorehead
|
25
|
April 26, 1943
|
"Big Town, 1955 A.D."
Cast: Edward G. Robinson,
Ona Munson
|
26
|
May 3, 1943
|
Cast:
Walter Abel
,
Claire Trevor
|
27
|
May 10, 1943
|
"Rulers of Earth" aka "Dictators Meeting in Hell"
[11]
Cast: Orson Welles (The Devil),
George Coulouris
(
Napoleon
),
Pedro de Cordoba
(
Philip
), Joe Kearns (
Louis
) Lou Merrill, Hans Conreid (
The Kaiser
); music composed and conducted by
Anthony Collins
[49]
|
28
|
May 17, 1943
|
"I Saw War"
Cast:
Joe E. Brown
|
29
|
May 24, 1943
|
"Island in the Sky"
Cast:
Cary Grant
|
30
|
May 31, 1943
|
|
31
|
June 7, 1943
|
|
32
|
June 14, 1943
|
"First Mission"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
33
|
June 21, 1943
|
Cast:
Robert Young
|
34
|
June 28, 1943
|
"Radar, the Secret Weapon'"
Cast:
James Hilton
|
35
|
July 5, 1943
|
Cast: James Hilton
|
36
|
July 12, 1943
|
Cast: James Hilton
|
37
|
July 19, 1943
|
Cast: James Hilton
|
38
|
July 26, 1943
|
Cast: James Hilton
|
39
|
August 2, 1943
|
Cast: James Hilton
|
America ? Ceiling Unlimited
[
edit
]
Beginning Sunday, August 8, 1943,
Joseph Cotten
hosted the 30-minute variety series still sponsored by Lockheed and Vega but now titled
America ? Ceiling Unlimited
. In his 1987 autobiography, Cotten recalled that at the end of the first broadcast he was summoned to the control booth for a telephone call: "It was
Groucho Marx
. He congratulated me and said that he had not only enjoyed the show, but had also been completely sold by the commercial. 'Just where can I buy a
P-38
?' he asked."
[50]
#
|
Date
|
Program
|
1
|
August 8, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten,
Nan Wynn
|
2
|
August 15, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
3
|
August 22, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
4
|
August 29, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
5
|
September 5, 1943
|
"A Smart Soldier Like Me"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
6
|
September 12, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
7
|
September 19, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
8
|
September 26, 1943
|
"Johnny Flynn and the Scourge of the Desert"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
9
|
October 3, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten,
Ben Lyon
|
10
|
October 10, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
11
|
October 17, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
12
|
October 24, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
13
|
October 31, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
14
|
November 7, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
15
|
November 14, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten,
Constance Moore
|
16
|
November 21, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
17
|
November 28, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
18
|
December 5, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
19
|
December 12, 1943
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
20
|
December 19, 1943
|
"A Letter to an Unborn Son"
[11]
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore; music by
Wilbur Hatch
With Agnes Moorehead, Pedro de Cordoba, Hans Conreid, Lou Merrill
|
21
|
December 26, 1943
|
"Flight Report"
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
22
|
January 2, 1944
|
"Custody of the Cook"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
23
|
January 9, 1944
|
"Cajun Cradle"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
24
|
January 16, 1944
|
"The Little People" by Frank Richardson Pierce
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
25
|
January 23, 1944
|
"Girl Adrift" by Richard Howels Watkins
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
26
|
January 30, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
27
|
February 6, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
28
|
February 13, 1944
|
"Remember This Day"
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
29
|
February 20, 1944
|
"Those Who Were On the Ferry"
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
30
|
February 27, 1944
|
"Comes the Devil"
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
31
|
March 5, 1944
|
"Situation Well in Hand" by
Vina Delmar
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
32
|
March 12, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore; music by Wilbur Hatch
|
33
|
March 19, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
34
|
March 26, 1944
|
"The Bride and Delehanty"
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
35
|
April 2, 1944
|
"George is a Noble Guy" by George F. Jenkins
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
36
|
April 9, 1944
|
"Hymn to a Hero" and "God's Corporals"
[11]
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore; music by Wilbur Hatch
With Agnes Moorehead
|
37
|
April 16, 1944
|
"A Date in Bethesda"
Cast: Joseph Cotten, Constance Moore
|
38
|
April 23, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
39
|
April 30, 1944
|
Cast: Joseph Cotten
|
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
The trial recording of "Flying Fortress" is prefaced by the following statement: "? follows will not be broadcast in its present form. None of the material has received official clearance. This is a trial record only."
[31]
- ^
At the last-minute rehearsal before the January 4 broadcast, Welles clashed with a newly appointed advertising agency account executive and walked off the set.
[44]
- ^
Welles had missed the previous day's broadcast of
Hello Americans
due to illness.
[3]
: 376
- ^
"William Powell of the movies is spokesman on
God's Corporals
, the
Ceiling Unlimited
story dramatizing the giant planes which carry wounded men from battlefields to base hospitals … The nurses are trained in aerial gunnery so they can take part in actual combat in case of attack. These intrepid young women are capable, in extreme emergency, of performing operations."
[48]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Orson Welles on the Air: The Radio Years.
New York:
The Museum of Broadcasting
, catalogue for exhibition October 28?December 3, 1988, page 64
- ^
Parker, Dana T.
Building Victory: Aircraft Manufacturing in the Los Angeles Area in World War II,
pp. 59, 75-6, Cypress, CA, 2013.
ISBN
978-0-9897906-0-4
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
Welles, Orson
;
Bogdanovich, Peter
;
Rosenbaum, Jonathan
(1992).
This is Orson Welles
. New York:
HarperCollins
Publishers.
ISBN
0-06-016616-9
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
e
Brady, Frank
,
Citizen Welles: A Biography of Orson Welles
. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1989
ISBN
0-385-26759-2
- ^
a
b
c
Dunning, John
(1998).
On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio
(Revised ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. p. 145.
ISBN
978-0-19-507678-3
. Retrieved
2019-10-22
.
- ^
Callow, Simon
,
Hello Americans
. New York:
Viking
, 2006
ISBN
0-67087256-3
hardcover
- ^
a
b
c
d
Wood, Bret
,
Orson Welles: A Bio-Bibliography
. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1990
ISBN
0-313-26538-0
- ^
Frohlich, Shirley, "Comment,"
The Billboard
, October 10, 1942, page 7
- ^
a
b
Old Time Radio log for Ceiling Unlimited
- ^
Radio Music
Archived
2011-11-18 at the
Wayback Machine
, The Bernard Herrmann Web Pages; retrieved June 7, 2012
- ^
a
b
c
d
"Ceiling Unlimited"
.
Internet Archive
. Retrieved
2014-11-23
.
- ^
"The Future" (February 1, 1943), Welles's last episode as host, 12:12?13:11.
- ^
"Jane Eyre"
.
AFI Catalog of Feature Films
. November 4, 1986
. Retrieved
2014-11-25
.
- ^
a
b
c
The Digital Deli listing for Ceiling Unlimited
Archived
April 13, 2012, at the
Wayback Machine
- ^
Hilton, James
,
Ceiling Unlimited
. Burbank, California:
Columbia Broadcasting System
, 1943. Title page notes six broadcasts from June 28 to August 2, 1943.
- ^
J. M. K.,
Billboard
, July 31, 1943
- ^
Hilton, James
,
Ceiling Unlimited
. Burbank, California:
Columbia Broadcasting System
, 1943; details at
Between the Covers Rare Books
and
Live Auctioneers
; retrieved June 5, 2012
- ^
a
b
"Ceiling Unlimited?January 25, 1943"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Almanac?July 19, 1944"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"440719_Ruth_Terry, Orson Welles Almanac?Part 2"
. (23:37?28:30), Internet Archive
. Retrieved
2014-11-06
.
- ^
"Rare Steinbeck WWII story finally published"
.
The Washington Post
(
Associated Press
), November 6, 2014. Archived from
the original
on 2014-11-07
. Retrieved
2014-11-06
.
- ^
"Holiday Issue of
The Strand
with the Unpublished Steinbeck Story (#8569)"
.
The Strand Magazine
, November 2014?February 2015
. Retrieved
2014-11-22
.
- ^
The Strand Magazine
, Issue XLIV 2014. Editorial by Andrew F. Gulli, p. 2.
Steinbeck, John
, "With Your Wings", pp. 6?7.
- ^
a
b
"Ceiling Unlimited?Letter to Mother"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
Coers, Donald V.,
John Steinbeck Goes to War: The Moon is Down as Propaganda
. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2006.
ISBN
9780817353285
Originally published as
John Steinbeck as propagandist
, 1991.
- ^
a
b
Houseman, John
,
Front and Center
. New York:
Simon & Schuster
, 1979.
ISBN
0671243284
- ^
"John Houseman".
Contemporary Authors
Online
, Thomson Gale, 2007.
- ^
a
b
"Orson Welles Papers ? Tapes"
.
Lilly Library
. 6 December 2013
. Retrieved
2014-11-06
.
- ^
a
b
"Orson Welles Papers ? Manuscripts"
. Lilly Library. 6 December 2013
. Retrieved
2014-11-06
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Flying Fortress"
. Old Time Radio Researchers Group
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
The Stranger
at Kino Lorber, Inc. Retrieved 2013-10-05.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Flying Fortress"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Air Transport Command"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Navigator on 'Ceiling Unlimited'";
The San Antonio Light
, November 23, 1942
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?The Navigator"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Wind, Sand and Stars"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
Ceiling Unlimited
? "War Workers"
,
Paley Center for Media
; retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?War Workers"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
Ceiling Unlimited
? "Gremlins"
,
Paley Center for Media
; retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Gremlins"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
Ceiling Unlimited
? "Pan American Airlines"
,
Paley Center for Media
; retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Pan American Airlines"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
Leaming, Barbara (1985).
Orson Welles, A Biography
. New York:
Viking Press
. p.
255
.
ISBN
978-0-618-15446-3
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Anti-Submarine Patrol"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?Finger in the Wind"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Ceiling Unlimited?The Future"
.
Orson Welles on the Air, 1938?1946
. Indiana University Bloomington
. Retrieved
2018-05-20
.
- ^
"Untitled".
Cedar Rapids Tribune
. Cedar Rapids, Iowa. April 15, 1943. p. 2.
- ^
Ceiling Unlimited
,
Paley Center for Media
; retrieved May 28, 2012
- ^
Cotten, Joseph
,
Vanity Will Get You Somewhere
. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1987
ISBN
0-916515-17-6
page 69. Cotten remembered the program's title as
Ceiling Zero
.
External links
[
edit
]