Protected wilderness area in California, United States
The
Castle Crags Wilderness
is a 12,232-acre (49.50 km
2
)
[1]
wilderness area
in the
Castle Crags
rock formations of the
Trinity Mountains
, and within the
Shasta-Trinity National Forest
, in northwestern
California
. It is located in
Siskiyou County
and
Shasta County
, 40 miles (64 km) north of
Redding
and south of
Mount Shasta City
.
The
US Congress
passed the
California Wilderness Act
in 1984 which set aside the wilderness.
Geography
[
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]
Elevations of the Castle Crags range from 2,500?7,300 feet (762?2,225 m). The Trinity Mountains are a range in the
Klamath Mountains
System and the Klamath geological province.
The prominent spires in the southeast that make up the
Castle Crags
are the main attraction and are similar to the granitic rock landscape in parts of
Yosemite National Park
. In the northern portion of the wilderness, the landscape is more like the Klamath Mountains with glacial erosion, several
cirques
, and abundant rainfall with a high, east-trending divide. The area is bounded on the east by the
Sacramento River
, in the north by the South Fork Sacramento River and in the south by the canyon of Castle Creek and the boundary of
Castle Crags State Park
.
History
[
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]
One
roadless area
of 1,732 acres (7.01 km
2
) borders on the northwest and contains the largest glacial cirque, Castle Lake, which is near where the
Modoc War
's 1855
Battle of Castle Crags
took place. Now a historical landmark (California Historical Landmark No.16), the battle was fought on a ridge saddle between the lake and what is known as Battle Rock.
[2]
The
Wintu
Indians who inhabited the area called the crags the Abode of the Devil and the Spanish explorers called it Castle del Diablo (Castle of the Devil.)
[3]
There are mineral springs at the base of the crags which were used by the early fur traders, and after the Southern Pacific Railroad was completed into the area, health resorts sprang up as well. The railroad touted the beauty of the West to increase ridership, improve the West's image, and hopefully, sell some of its land holdings.
Sunset
was a publication started in 1898 by the passenger department of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company that described various places in the West and was named after its Sunset Limited railroad line which went from New Orleans to San Francisco. The magazine's description of Castle Crags is the typical, flowery writing style of that era:
- "These are peaks of a spur of the Trinity range, that rise abruptly in towers and pinnacles, splintered and riven in all manner of fantastic shapes. With every slight change in the position of the beholder they seem to march and countermarch, advance and recede, until one is ready to believe them moving."
[4]
The advent of logging and mining brought even more people to the area with some mining continuing until the 1950s.
In 1933, concerned citizens successfully worked to protect the area and were able to acquire much of the land that became the state park. President Reagan signed into law the California Wilderness Act in 1984 that protected another 10,500 acres (42 km
2
) and was added to the
National Wilderness Preservation System
.
[5]
Flora and fauna
[
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]
Endemic Castle Crags harebell.
The ivesia plant.
Note the granite ledge in background.
The wilderness contains more than 300 species of wildflowers, including the Castle Crags harebell and the Castle Crags
ivesia
, both
endemic
,
[6]
as well as
tiger lily
,
monkey flower
, and
Indian rhubarb
. Drier locations have
yarrow
,
aster
and
buckwheat
. Forested areas have incense cedar, white fir, ponderosa pine, several types of oaks with
Pacific dogwood
and maple in
riparian
zones. Meadows and brushlands have various kinds of
manzanita
along with huckleberry oak,
chaparral
and
mountain whitethorn
.
Poison oak
is common, as are
rattlesnakes
?dictating caution when hiking the trails.
Black bears
,
coyotes
,
bobcats
and
mountain lions
are some of the larger predators in this diverse habitat of bare granite, steep slopes, meadows and mountain streams.
Recreation
[
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]
The state park extends 480 acres (1.9 km
2
) inside the wilderness and has five of the nine trailheads. The
Pacific Crest Trail
(PCT) traverses the wilderness for 19 miles (31 km) with several spur trails connecting from the park to the PCT.
The Castle Dome Trail is a strenuous hiking trail into the crags proper and passes near Indian Springs, a natural hillside
spring
with views of the crags. The trail ends after 2.7 miles (4.3 km) at a notch just west of Castle Dome (4,829 feet (1,472 m)),
[7]
the southernmost of the crags, providing an unobstructed view of
Mount Shasta
and the spires, buttresses, sheer cliffs and domes of the Castle Crags.
Rock climbing opportunities range from Class 5 to Class 5.13a in difficulty, and although the granite rocks are massive, some areas are unstable because of
exfoliation
(flaking layers of loose rock).
The Forest Service encourages the use of
Leave No Trace
principles of outdoor travel to minimize impact to the environment.
See also
[
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]
References
[
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]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
10,500 acres (42 km
2
) wilderness plus 1,732 acres (7.01 km
2
) roadless area
- ^
Battle of Castle Crags from a booklet by Miller, Joaquin 1837–1913 The Battle of Castle Crags
Archived
2003-07-15 at the
Wayback Machine
First published as a pamphlet, circa 1894, issued as a promotional booklet for the Tavern of Castle Crags (see
Blanck, Jacob
., 'Bibliography of American Literature,' #13837)
- ^
Dottie Smith, special to the
Record-Searchlight
, Online Edition series: "Travelin' in Time" Thurs., March 20, 2008
Archived
May 23, 2008, at the
Wayback Machine
retrieved 12-5-2008
- ^
Sunset
, Southern Pacific RR Co. 1898 p.22, Google Books, accessed Dec.10, 2008
- ^
Castle Crags Wilderness Area, USFS pdf, p. 1
- ^
Shasta-Trinity NF's "Sensitive and endemic plants "
- ^
United States Geological Survey Feature Detail Report
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