Overview of the state of capital punishment in Serbia
Capital punishment
was used from the creation of the modern
Serbian state
in 1804. On 26 February 2002, the
Serbian Parliament
adopted amendments striking it off from the Criminal Code. The last execution, by
shooting
, took place on 14 February 1992, and the last death sentences were given in 2001.
[
citation needed
]
Serbia is bound by the
Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
(ratified on 6 September 2001), and Protocols No. 6 and No. 13 to the
European Convention on Human Rights
(ratified on 3 March 2004). According to Article 24 of the
Serbian constitution
(2006): "Human life is inviolable. There shall be no death penalty in the Republic of Serbia".
History
[
edit
]
Serbia, 1804?1914
[
edit
]
In the first decades of the 19th century, the death penalty was widely used in Serbia for a variety of offenses: murder, theft, political crimes, infanticide and even for extramarital sexual relations.
Until 1858, different modes of execution were in use: shooting, hanging, breaking on the wheel, ?lethal gauntlet“ (a double file of men facing each other and armed with birch rods with which to strike at a person who is made to run between them) and decapitation; in the very beginning, there were a few instances of impalement. Until 1842, murderers were subject to ?mirror“ punishments, meaning that a murderer was to be killed in an identical manner in which he killed the victim (often with the same weapon). In addition, the bodies of executed offenders were almost always publicly displayed on wheels and kept there for a set period of time or until ?complete decay“. In 1858, shooting became the only legal mode of execution, while the practice of displaying the bodies was discontinued.
[1]
Under the first Serbian Penal Code, passed in 1860, the death sentences were to be executed in public, by shooting, while the executed body was to be buried immediately at the place of execution. The Code included sixteen capital offenses: various forms of murder and robbery leading to death, as well as treason.
[2]
In 1863, however, the death penalty was re-introduced for theft and certain other crimes.
[3]
The death penalty for theft was finally abolished only in 1902. In 1905, executions in Belgrade ceased to be public (the offenders were shot furtively in places not frequented by public), but they remained public (until 1930) in other towns and in the country, where thousands of spectators gathered for the spectacle.
[4]
Regular statistics on capital punishment began to be kept in 1889. Before that, reliable data exist for some years only. For example, in 1844 there were 62 death sentences (and 50 executions), in 1857 ? 87 (10), 1868 ? 64 (36) and in 1887 ? 34 (23). In 1883, the year of a massive rebellion against the government (
Timo?ka buna
), 117 persons (mostly rebels) were sentenced to death and 47 executed. According to the official statistics, in the 25 years from 1889 to 1914 there were 600 death sentences and 344 executions.
Yugoslavia, 1918?1941
[
edit
]
When Yugoslavia was created in 1918, different legal systems remained in force in different parts of the new country. In the north-western provinces (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Vojvodina), executions were by hanging in an enclosed space with restricted public attendance. In the remainder of the country (Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro and Macedonia), executions were by shooting and in public. When a single Penal Code was introduced for the whole country (1929), hanging remained the only legal mode of execution, with the exception of sentences passed by military courts, which were executed by shooting.
[5]
Crimes punished by death were mostly murder and robbery leading to death, as well as terrorism. The terrorists sentenced to death were mainly the communists and the Croatian, Macedonian and Albanian separatists.
According to the official statistics, there were 459 death sentences and 232 executions in Serbia from 1920 to 1940 (on average, 22 sentences and 11 executions per year). In the same period, in the whole of Yugoslavia there were 904 sentences and 291 executions (43 and 14 per year).
[6]
Hangings were performed by state executioners:
Alois Seyfried
(1918-1922), Florian Mausner (1922-1928) and Karlo Dragutin Hart (1928-1941).
Yugoslavia, 1945?1991
[
edit
]
In the first years after World War II, death sentences were passed in large numbers daily on collaborationists and war criminals, but also on the ?enemies of the people“, i.e. all those who opposed the new communist regime. There are no reliable data, but it seems likely that in Yugoslavia until 1951 there were as many as 10,000 death sentences, a majority of which were executed. In the same period, there must have been several thousands of death sentences and executions in Serbia. In addition to political offenses, capital crimes included the theft of the government property, as well as aggravated murder and robbery. Until 1959, executions were either by shooting or by hanging, as determined by the sentence of the court in each individual case, although hangings were considered as an aggravated form and were used less frequently. In the first post-war years, executions of major war criminals were often public. After 1950, the number of death sentences fell sharply. According to the official statistics, from 1950 to 1958 there were 229 death sentences in Yugoslavia (ca. 29 p.a.) and 122 in Serbia (ca. 15 p.a.). No official data were published on executions, but it is safe to assume that about two thirds of all death sentences were executed.
[7]
The 1959 reforms resulted in a less strict system of criminal justice. Number of capital offenses was reduced and capital punishment was abolished for property offenses. Hanging was abolished and the only legal mode of execution remained shooting, performed by a platoon of eight policemen, only half of whom had rifles loaded with live ammunition. Executions could not be performed publicly. From 1959 to 1991, there were, on average, two or three executions per year in Yugoslavia and about two in Serbia (over 70% of all death sentences in Yugoslavia were passed by courts in Serbia).
[8]
Serbia after 1991
[
edit
]
From April 1992, Serbia was a part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, which consisted of two federal units ? Serbia and Montenegro. From 1991 to 2002, Serbian courts passed 19 death sentences, none of which had been executed. On 14 February 1992, Johan Drozdek was executed in Sombor. He was sentenced to death in 1988 for rape and murder of a six-year-old girl.
Abolition
[
edit
]
Early attempts
[
edit
]
In 1826, poet
Sima Milutinovi? Sarajlija
(1791?1847) wrote to Prince
Milo? Obrenovi?
, advising him to abolish the death penalty. The Prince never received the letter and nothing came out of the poet’s project.
[9]
During the drafting of the Penal Code in 1858, a law professor and a judge Jovan Filipovi? (1819?1876) proposed an abolition of capital punishment, arguing that it was unconstitutional under the then Serbian constitution. His proposal was rejected by a majority vote in the Drafting Committee.
[10]
In January 1881, deputies of the
People's Radical Party
made two motions to completely abolish the death penalty in the Serbian Parliament, but both were rejected by a majority vote. A similar motion, although restricted to an abolition for political crimes only, was made in the Parliament in 1887 and was also rejected.
[11]
A committee appointed to draft a new constitution for Serbia in 1888 held a debate on the death penalty, but the motion to abolish it was rejected.
[
citation needed
]
Another parliamentary debate was held in 1906, with the same result. Among those who spoke against capital punishment was the then minister of justice,
Milenko Vesni?
.
[
citation needed
]
In the parliamentary debates on the
draft constitution
for the newly created Yugoslavia in 1921, the leftist parties (
Communists
and
Republicans
), as well as several smaller parties from Slovenia and Croatia, called for an abolition of the death penalty, but the majority decided to keep it in the constitution. In 1926, women’s organizations in Yugoslavia, headed by the Popular Union of Women (
Narodni ?enski savez
), demanded abolition of capital punishment "for women as well as for men".
[
citation needed
]
Marxists scholars, gathered around the
Praxis
journal, proposed an abolition of the death penalty in 1963.
[
citation needed
]
In 1980, a Belgrade lawyer
Srđa M. Popovi?
submitted a petition to the Yugoslav authorities to abolish the death penalty.
[
citation needed
]
A Society Against the Death Penalty was founded in Belgrade in 1981, but the authorities refused to allow it. In 1983, more than a thousand Yugoslav citizens, mostly from Slovenia, signed a petition to the federal parliament calling for an abolition of capital punishment.
[
citation needed
]
Partial abolition, 1992
[
edit
]
Constitution of FR Yugoslavia (which consisted of Serbia and Montenegro), adopted on 25 April 1992, abolished capital punishment for federal crimes (including genocide, war crimes, political and military offenses), but the federal units kept the right to prescribe capital punishment for crimes under their jurisdiction (murder and robbery).
Final abolition, 2002
[
edit
]
On 26 February 2002, the Serbian parliament amended Serbia's Penal Code by deleting from it all references to capital punishment. As was stressed in the parliamentary debate, a paramount motive for this abolition was the intention of the then
FR Yugoslavia
to join the
Council of Europe
.
[12]
At the time of the abolition, there were 12 people in Serbia on death row.
[13]
Their sentence was commuted to 40 years in prison, the highest possible sentence after death, since Serbia didn't have a
life imprisonment
sentence at the time.
In 2006, new
Constitution of Serbia
was adopted. Article 24 of the Constitution explicitly forbids enactment of capital punishment.
[14]
Public opinion
[
edit
]
In the Fall of 2001, shortly before the Serbian abolition, a study of attitudes to the death penalty, based on a poll of 926 citizens, found the respondents to be equally divided: 43% were for the death penalty and 43% were against it, with 14% undecided.
[15]
Subsequent polls, taken every year since 2007 on a representative sample of around 1,000 citizens, confirm this result. Those for and those against capital punishment remain equally divided with minor year-to-year variations, like a seesaw: one year a majority of a few per cent would be for, and the next against the death penalty (see Table below).
This has changed since 2012 where every year a majority support the death penalty.
Year
|
Against death penalty (%)
|
For death penalty (%)
[16]
|
2002
|
50
|
50
|
2007
|
56
|
44
|
2008
|
48
|
52
|
2009
|
52
|
48
|
2010
|
47
|
53
|
2011
|
53
|
47
|
2012
|
49
|
51
|
2013 (March)
|
43
|
57
|
2013 (September)
|
47
|
53
|
2014
|
30
|
70
|
2015
|
38
|
62
|
2016
|
30
|
70
|
2017
|
32
|
68
|
2018
|
30
|
70
|
2019
|
30
|
70
|
2020
|
36
|
64
|
2021
|
31
|
69
|
2022
|
33
|
67
|
Executions since 1959
[
edit
]
Source:
SPSK Database
Executed person
|
Gender
|
Date of sentence
|
Date of execution
|
Place of execution
|
Crime
|
Method
|
Ref.
|
Mileva Krivokapi?
|
Female
|
26 June 1959
|
1960
|
Leskovac
|
double
child murder
|
firing squad
|
[17]
[18]
|
Ramo Bunakai
|
Male
|
1959
|
1960
|
Pe?
|
spying and murder
|
[1]
|
Ilija Jojin
|
8 March 1960
|
18 July 1961
|
Belgrade
|
double murder
|
[2]
|
Stevan Narand?i?
|
1961
|
1961
|
Sremska Mitrovica
|
double murder
|
[3]
|
Kruma Cekov
|
1961
|
1962
|
Po?arevac
|
murder
|
[4]
|
Esad Ribi?
|
14 June 1963
[19]
|
1963
|
Sombor
|
murder of a police officer
|
[5]
|
Mihajlo Seku?
|
1963
|
1963
|
Subotica
|
triple murder
|
[6]
|
Milivoje Stevi?
|
25 July 1962
[20]
|
1963
|
Sremska Mitrovica
|
murder of a police officer
|
[7]
|
Vojislav Smiljani?
|
1963
|
[8]
|
Sedija Ta?i
|
1962
|
1963
|
Ni?
|
murder in prison while serving sentence for double murder
|
[9]
|
Aleksandar Jovanovi?
|
1 October 1962
|
30 September 1963
|
Valjevo
|
child murder
|
[10]
|
Mladen Domanovi?
|
23 November 1962
|
1963
|
Sremska Mitrovica
|
murder of cell mate while in prison for previous murder
|
[11]
|
?ivko Mladenovi?
|
1963
|
1963
|
Prokuplje
|
murder
|
[12]
|
Sadija Beftija
|
1963
|
1964
|
Pri?tina
|
murder
|
[13]
|
Vukomir Doj?inovi?
|
1964
|
24 February 1965
|
Ni?
|
triple murder
|
[14]
|
Eva Vanjur
|
Female
|
23 April 1964
|
8 November 1965
|
Subotica
|
child murder
|
[21]
[22]
[23]
|
Bo?o Stadinovi?
|
Male
|
7 May 1965
[24]
|
1966
|
Sremska Mitrovica
|
homicide
during a
robbery
|
[15]
|
Ivan Jeli?
|
25 July 1968
|
3 November 1968
|
Belgrade
|
terrorism
|
[25]
[26]
|
Dragoljub Guti?
|
30 May 1968
|
27 February 1969
|
Belgrade
|
homicide during a robbery
|
[27]
[28]
|
Sava Lisovac
|
Janko Markovi?
|
18 February 1969
|
28 January 1970
|
Zaje?ar
|
double murder
|
[29]
[30]
|
Teufik Kapetanovi?
|
3 November 1969
[31]
|
1970
|
Ni?
|
homicide during a robbery
|
[16]
|
Jano? Ko?i?
|
1971
|
1971
|
Novi Sad
|
murder
|
[17]
|
Vince Ki?đeri
|
27 October 1970
|
1972
|
double murder
|
[18]
|
Hilmija Hajrulahu
|
29 October 1970
|
1972
|
Gnjilane
|
murder
|
[19]
|
Alija Elezi
|
15 August 1971
|
1972
|
murder
|
[20]
|
Milun Jovanovi?
|
20 April 1972
|
13 December 1972
|
Novi Pazar
|
triple murder
[32]
|
[21]
|
Nebih Preni?i
|
28 January 1970
|
13 June 1973
|
Pri?tina
|
double murder
|
[22]
|
Stipan Tumbas
|
22 March 1973
|
15 August 1974
|
Subotica
|
child murder
|
[33]
[34]
|
Aleksandar Milutinovi?
|
10 November 1971
|
4 September 1974
|
Belgrade
|
multiple murder
[32]
|
[23]
|
Jezdimir Gaji?
|
8 March 1973
|
16 May 1975
|
Po?arevac
|
multiple murder
[32]
|
[24]
|
Hasan Kajtazovi?
|
18 April 1974
|
1976?
|
Ni?
|
double murder
|
[25]
|
Milan Sekuli?
|
13 June 1974
[35]
|
19 March 1976
|
Belgrade
[36]
|
murder of a police officer
|
[26]
|
Ahmet Zogaj
|
19 June 1974
[37]
|
1976
|
Prizren
|
double child murder
|
[27]
|
Bali Zogaj
|
[28]
|
Ali Haliti
|
21 March 1975
|
1977
|
Pri?tina
|
murder
|
[29]
|
Isljam đota
|
11 October 1974
|
1977
|
double murder
|
[30]
|
Mejdi Ljamalari
|
3 February 1974
|
1977
|
Gnjilane
|
double murder
|
[31]
|
Avdija Seferaj
|
11 November 1977
[38]
|
1977
|
Po?arevac
|
killed four inmates during a prison riot
|
[32]
|
Mustafa Milaim
|
[33]
|
Zumber Haliti
|
9 December 1975
|
1977
|
triple murder
|
[34]
|
Nedeljko Gruji?i?
|
5 April 1974
|
5 January 1977
|
U?ice
|
double murder
|
[35]
|
Miljenko Hrka?
|
25 December 1975
|
11 January 1978
|
Belgrade
|
terrorism
|
[39]
[40]
[41]
|
Dimitrije Gavrilovi?
|
21 April 1978
|
20 April 1979
|
Novi Sad
|
murder of two police officers
|
[42]
[43]
|
Neboj?a Despotov
|
4 March 1976
|
12 July 1979
|
Zrenjanin
|
double murder
|
[44]
|
Vojislav Raj?i?
|
1 April 1980
|
16 March 1981
|
Zaje?ar
|
war crimes
|
[45]
[46]
|
đem?it Braha
|
7 November 1979
|
22 October 1981
|
Pri?tina
|
double murder
|
[47]
|
Hamit Azizi
|
1982
|
4 January 1982
|
|
murder
|
[36]
|
Paljoka Gecaj
|
1982
|
5 April 1982
|
Pe?
|
revenge murder
(blood feud)
|
[48]
[49]
|
Ferat Muja
|
28 July 1982
|
25 April 1984
|
Titova Mitrovica
|
murder
|
[50]
[51]
|
Tefik Abazi
|
1984
|
22 July 1987
|
Pri?tina
|
triple murder
|
[52]
|
Ahmet Pa?arizi
|
11 August 1983
|
20 November 1987
|
Prizren
|
murder of two police officers
|
[53]
[54]
[55]
|
Laslo Egete
|
4 April 1986
|
29 July 1988
|
Subotica
|
child murder
|
[56]
[57]
|
Laslo Tubi?ak
|
30 March 1988
|
8 August 1989
|
Novi Sad
|
murder of a police officer
|
[58]
[59]
|
Johan Drozdek
|
15 March 1988
|
14 February 1992
|
Sombor
|
child murder
|
[60]
[61]
|
References
[
edit
]
- ^
?ivanovi?, Toma (1967).
Zakonski izvori krivi?nog prava Srbije od 1804. do 1865 [Statutory sources of Serbia's criminal law from 1804 to 1865]
. Belgrade. pp. 431?439.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
"Kaznitelni zakonik za Knja?estvo Srbiju, 1860 [Penal Code for the Princedom of Serbia, 1860]"
(PDF)
. Retrieved
14 September
2012
.
- ^
"Izmene Kaznitelnog zakonika, 1863 [Amendments to the Penal Code, 1863], Art. 223"
(PDF)
. Retrieved
14 September
2012
.
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. Belgrade. pp. 244?247.
ISBN
978-86-519-1232-3
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. Belgrade. pp. Ch. 8?10.
ISBN
978-86-519-1232-3
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Statisti?ki godi?njaci Kraljevine SHS / Jugoslavije [Statistical Yearbooks of the Kingdom SHS / Yugoslavia]
. Belgrade. 1921?1941.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. Belgrade. pp. Ch. 11?12.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. pp. Ch. 13?14.
- ^
Karad?i?, Vuk (1969).
Sabrana dela [Collected Works], XXII
. Belgrade. pp. 227?233.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. Belgrade. pp. 122?123.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
Jankovi?, Ivan (2012).
Na belom hlebu: Smrtna kazna u Srbiji, 1804?2002 [On white bread diet: The death penalty in Serbia 1804-2002]
. Belgrade. pp. 172?177.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
"Kako je Narodna skup?tina ukinula smrtnu kaznu u Srbiji 2002. godine?"
. SPSK. 27 February 2013
. Retrieved
10 June
2017
.
- ^
SPSK database
- ^
"PRAVDA ZA UBICE: Evo kako je ukinuta smrtna kazna u Srbiji!"
. Kurir. 7 August 2014
. Retrieved
10 June
2017
.
- ^
Nikoli?, Borko (2002).
Pre?ivela kazna [An Obsolete Punishment]
. Belgrade. p. 14.
ISBN
86-7202-051-0
.
{{
cite book
}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
link
)
- ^
SPSK:
Integral reports Ankete javnog mnenja
, Srbija, 2002, 2007 - “undecided” excluded)
- ^
"?ena osuđena na smrt strijeljanjem"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(4461): 2. 27 June 1959.
- ^
"Mileva Krivokapi? ponovo osuđena na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(4649): 3. 1 February 1960.
- ^
"Убица сомборсног милиционара осу?ен на смрт стре?а?ем"
.
Borba
.
27
(163): 6. 15 June 1962.
- ^
"Убице милиционера Тимоти?еви?а осу?ене на смрт"
.
Borba
.
27
(204): 4. 26 July 1962.
- ^
"ЕВА ВА?УР ОСУ?ЕНА НА СМРТ"
.
Borba
.
29
(113): 6. 24 April 1964.
- ^
"Eva Vanjur, ubojica u?enice Gizele Ko?i?, osuđena na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(5965): 5. 25 April 1964.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad ubojicom Evom Vanjur"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(6444): 7. 11 November 1965.
- ^
"Ubojica Bo?o Stadinovi? Balinovi? osuđen na kaznu smrti strijeljanjem"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(6284): 8. 8 May 1965.
- ^
"Terorist Ivan Jeli? osuđen na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(7278): 2. 26 July 1968.
- ^
"Strijeljan terorist Ivan Jeli?"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(7365): 2. 4 November 1968.
- ^
"Lisovac i Guti? osuđeni na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(7230): 7. 31 May 1968.
- ^
"Izvr?ene smrtne kazne nad Lisovcem i Guti?em"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(7462): 11. 28 February 1969.
- ^
"Смртна казна двоструком убици"
.
Borba
.
34
(48): 9. 19 February 1969.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna trostrukom ubojici"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(7746): 11. 29 January 1970.
- ^
"ТЕУФИК ?АМЕТАНОВИ? ОСУ?ЕН НА СМРТ"
.
Borba
.
34
(304): 7. 4 November 1969.
- ^
a
b
c
"SMRTNA KAZNA TREBA LI JE PONOVO UVESTI?"
(PDF)
. Informer. 6 January 2014
. Retrieved
10 June
2017
.
- ^
"Ubojica djevoj?ice osuđen na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(8715): 1. 23 March 1973.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad Stipom Tumbasom"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
: 49143. 16 August 1974.
- ^
"Убица милиционара осу?ен на смрт"
.
Borba
.
53
(161): 8. 15 June 1974.
- ^
"Streljanja bez tragova"
. Ve?ernje Novosti. 30 October 2012
. Retrieved
10 June
2017
.
- ^
"Две смртне казне у Призрену"
.
Borba
.
51
(168): 7. 20 June 1972.
- ^
"?etiri smrtne kazne"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(10145): 6. 12 November 1977.
- ^
"M. Hrka? osuđen na smrt"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(8011): 1. 8 December 1970.
- ^
"Ponovno pretres pred Vrhovnim sudom Srbije"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(8389): 3. 1 March 1972.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna za Miljenka Hrka?a"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(9561): 3. 26 December 1975.
- ^
"Najstro?e kazne"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(10280): 3. 22 April 1978.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad D. Gavrilovi?em"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(10588): 16. 21 April 1979.
- ^
"Despotovu potvrđena smrtna kazna"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(10268): 3. 8 April 1978.
- ^
"Ратном злочинцу Ра?чи?у - смртна казна"
.
Borba
.
58
(90): 14. 2 April 1980.
- ^
Tomi?, Vladan (1989).
Nema mesta na nebu
(PDF)
(in Serbo-Croatian). Belgrade: Knji?evne novine. p. 158.
ISBN
86-391-0156-6
.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad dvostrukim ubojicom"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(11365): 3. 23 October 1981.
- ^
"Paljoka Gecaj"
. SPSK
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad ubojicom"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(11503). Split: 12. 6 April 1982
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna Feratu Muji"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(11599). Split: 4. 29 July 1982
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna nad zlo?incem"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(12134). Split: 12. 26 April 1984
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13168). Split: 23. 23 July 1987
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna ubojici milicionera"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(11917). Split: 2. 12 August 1983
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
Schiavo Lena, Enrico (10 December 2022).
"KRATKA BELE?KA O POGUBLJENJIMA U SFRJ OD 1985. DO 1992"
.
SPSK
. Retrieved
19 January
2024
.
- ^
"Strijeljan dvostruki ubojica"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13290). Split: 27. 21 November 1987
. Retrieved
25 February
2023
.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna za monstruma iz Kanji?e"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(12726): 27. 5 April 1986.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13532): 39. 30 July 1988.
- ^
"Smrtna kazna ubojici milcionera"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13416): 40. 31 March 1988.
- ^
"Izvr?ena smrtna kazna"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13898): 5. 9 August 1989.
- ^
"Svirepom ubojici smrtna kazna"
.
Slobodna Dalmacija
(13401): 38. 16 March 1988.
- ^
Simi?, Jovanka (30 July 2005).
"Njeno ime samo ?apu?emo"
.
Ve?ernje novosti
.
[
dead link
]
External links
[
edit
]
- www.deathpenalty.rs
Serbia against Capital Punishment, a site devoted exclusively to the death penalty in Serbia and the former Yugoslavia
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