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Bouyei people

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Bouyei
buxQyaix
A Bouyei woman in front of her house in China
Regions with significant populations
  China 2,870,034 (2010) [1]
  Vietnam 3,232 (2019) [2]
Languages
Bouyei ? Mandarin Chinese
Religion
Shigongism ? Buddhism
Related ethnic groups
Zhuang
Bouyei minority Shitou village, West Guizhou
Geographic distribution of Bouyei people

The Bouyei (also spelled Puyi , Buyei and Buyi ; self called: Buxqyaix , [pu?jai] or "Puzhong", "Burao", "Puman"; Chinese : 布依族 ; pinyin : Buy?zu ; Vietnamese : ng??i B? Y ), otherwise known as the Zhongjia, are an ethnic group living in Southern Mainland China. Numbering 2.5 million, they are the 11th largest of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China .

The Bouyei mostly live in Qianxinan and Qiannan prefectures of Southern Guizhou Province , as well as in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces .

Some 3,000 Bouyei also live in Northern Vietnam , where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups . In Vietnam, they are located in M??ng Kh??ng District of Lao Cai and Qu?n B? District of Ha Giang Province .

Names [ edit ]

The Bouyei consist of various subgroups. Below are their autonyms written in the International Phonetic Alphabet with numerical Chao tones . [3]

  • pu?? ?j?i?? , ?越
  • pu?? ?ji? , ?夷
  • pu?? noŋ?? , 布?
  • pu?? loŋ?? , ??
  • pu?? na?? , 布那
  • pu?? tu?? , 布土、布都
  • pu?? ?jaŋ? , 布央
  • pu?? zoŋ??xa?? , 布?哈

Some clans within the Bouyei groups include:

  • pu?? wu?? , 布武
  • pu?? wei?? , 布?
  • pu?? lo?? , 布?

In Congjiang County , Guizhou, there is a group that refer to themselves as "Buyeyi, 布也益", but are officially classified by the Chinese government as ethnic Zhuang . [4]

Distribution [ edit ]

In China by county [ edit ]

County-level distribution of the Bouyei, from the 2000 Chinese census

(Only includes counties or county-equivalents containing >0.1% of China's Bouyei population.)

Province Prefecture County Bouyei Population % of China's Bouyei Population
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Dushan ( ?山? ) 194,468 6.54%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Duyun ( 都?市 ) 190,347 6.41%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Wangmo ( 望?? ) 174,806 5.88%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Luodian ( ?甸? ) 158,494 5.33%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Ceheng ( ?亨? ) 158,019 5.32%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Anlong ( 安?? ) 139,930 4.71%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Huishui ( 惠水? ) 135,943 4.58%
Guizhou Anshun Zhenning Buyei and Miao ( ??布依族苗族自治? ) 131,962 4.44%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Zhenfeng ( ??? ) 125,058 4.21%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Xingyi ( ??市 ) 124,901 4.2%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Pingtang ( 平塘? ) 107,473 3.62%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Libo ( ?波? ) 93,681 3.15%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Guiding ( ?定? ) 92,607 3.12%
Guizhou Anshun Ziyun Miao and Buyei ( 紫云苗族布依族自治? ) 86,513 2.91%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Changshun ( ??? ) 81,022 2.73%
Guizhou Anshun Guanling Buyei and Miao ( ??布依族苗族自治? ) 68,967 2.32%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Qinglong ( 晴隆? ) 64,001 2.15%
Guizhou Anshun Xixiu ( 西秀? ) 62,497 2.1%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Xingren ( ?仁? ) 50,210 1.69%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Sandu Shui ( 三都水族自治? ) 49,877 1.68%
Guizhou Guiyang Huaxi ( 花溪? ) 41,446 1.4%
Guizhou Liupanshui Shuicheng ( 水城? ) 41,255 1.39%
Guizhou Liupanshui Liuzhi ( 六枝特? ) 35,772 1.2%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Longli ( ?里? ) 34,259 1.15%
Guizhou Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Majiang ( 麻江? ) 33,958 1.14%
Guizhou Anshun Pingba ( 平?? ) 29,452 0.99%
Yunnan Qujing Luoping ( ?平? ) 25,152 0.85%
Guizhou Guiyang Qingzhen ( ??市 ) 25,017 0.84%
Guizhou Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Pu'an ( 普安? ) 23,639 0.8%
Guizhou Guiyang Wudang ( ??? ) 23,597 0.79%
Guizhou Guiyang Kaiyang ( ??? ) 22,611 0.76%
Guizhou Guiyang Nanming ( 南明? ) 20,608 0.69%
Guizhou Qiannan Buyei and Miao Fuquan ( 福泉市 ) 19,520 0.66%
Guizhou Bijie Qianxi ( 黔西? ) 17,447 0.59%
Guizhou Liupanshui Pan ( ?? ) 16,072 0.54%
Guizhou Guiyang Baiyun ( 白云? ) 15,116 0.51%
Guizhou Anshun Puding ( 普定? ) 15,083 0.51%
Guizhou Bijie Zhijin ( ?金? ) 14,512 0.49%
Guizhou Guiyang Yunyan ( 云岩? ) 14,293 0.48%
Guizhou Guiyang Xiaohe ( 小河? ) 12,138 0.41%
Guizhou Bijie Weining Yi, Hui, and Miao ( 威??族回族苗族自治? ) 7,484 0.25%
Guizhou Bijie Nayong ( ?雍? ) 7,222 0.24%
Guangxi Hechi Nandan ( 南丹? ) 6,822 0.23%
Guizhou Guiyang Xiuwen ( 修文? ) 6,397 0.22%
Yunnan Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Maguan ( ??? ) 6,085 0.21%
Guangdong Dongguan none 5,584 0.19%
Guizhou Bijie Dafang ( 大方? ) 5,294 0.18%
Guizhou Liupanshui Zhongshan ( ?山? ) 4,075 0.14%
Guizhou Bijie Jinsha ( 金沙? ) 3,804 0.13%
Yunnan Kunming Guandu ( 官渡? ) 3,582 0.12%
Yunnan Zhaotong Qiaojia ( 巧家? ) 3,063 0.1%

In Vietnam [ edit ]

In Vietnam, the B? Y are recognized as one in 54 official ethnic groups. They mainly live in two localities: M??ng Kh??ng district of Lao Cai province (Tu Di subgroup) and Qu?n B? district of Ha Giang province . [ citation needed ]

Province-level distribution of the B? Y, from the 2009 Census
Province B? Y Population % of Vietnam's B? Y Population
Lao Cai 1,398 61.5%
Ha Giang 808 35.5%
Other 67 2.9%

Language [ edit ]

Main article: Bouyei language

The Bouyei speak the Bouyei language , which is very close to Standard Zhuang language. There is a dialect continuum between these two. The Bouyei language has its own written form which was created by linguists in the 1950s based on the Latin alphabet and with spelling conventions similar for the Pinyin system that had been devised to romanise Mandarin Chinese .

History [ edit ]

The Bouyei are the native Tai peoples of the plains of Guizhou. They are one of the oldest peoples of China, living in the area for more than 2,000 years. Prior to the establishment of the Tang dynasty , the Bouyei and Zhuang were linked together; the differences between both ethnic groups grew greater and from year 900 already they were two different groups. The Qing dynasty abolished the system of local heads and commanded in its place to officials of the army which caused a change in the local economy; from then on, the land was in the hands of a few landowners, which caused the population to revolt. During the Nanlong Rebellion(南?起?) of 1797 led by Wang Nangxian , the Bouyei underwent a strong repression that caused many of them to emigrate to faraway Vietnam .

Culture [ edit ]

Many Bouyei are agricultural farmers who commonly cultivate crops for consumption or sale like rice, millet, wheat, potatoes, maize, cocoa, tea, silk and many other types of crops. The Bouyei have also played a major role as intermediate merchants in the region. Due to changing economies, the Bouyei engage in both small-scale and large-scale commercial or business operations. [5]

Traditional Bouyei handicrafts and batiks are renowned throughout the region. The Bouyei celebrate many festivals, both native and those derived from Han culture. One native festival is called the Ox King's Day(牛王?) on April 8, an annual celebration meant to honor oxen and their contribution to agricultural activities. [6] June 6 is an important traditional Buyei holiday for ancestral worship . The story behind this tradition exists. According to Bouyei mythology, after Pangu became an expert in rice farming after creating the world, he married the daughter of the Dragon King , and their union gave rise to the Buyei people.

The daughter of the Dragon King and Pangu had a son named Xinheng ( 新? ). When Xinheng disrespected his mother, she returned to heaven and never came down, despite the repeated pleas of her husband and son. Pangu was forced to remarry and eventually died on the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar .

Xinheng's stepmother treated him badly and almost killed him. When Xinheng threatened to destroy her rice harvest, she realized her mistake. She made peace with him and they went on to pay their respects to Pangu annually on the sixth day of the sixth month of the lunar calendar.

There are Christian churches among the Bouyei ethnic group in China. Most of them are in Guizhou and Yunnan. There is Catholic influence. [7] [8] [9]

Notable Bouyei people [ edit ]

See also [ edit ]

References [ edit ]

  1. ^ "2-1 全?各民族分年?、性?的人口" (XLS) . Stats.gov.cn . Retrieved 31 August 2017 .
  2. ^ "Report on Results of the 2019 Census" . General Statistics Office of Vietnam . Retrieved 1 May 2020 .
  3. ^ ?州省志. 民族志 [ Guizhou Province Gazetteer: Ethnic Gazetteer ]. Guiyang: ?州民族出版社 [Guizhou Nationalities Press]. 2002.
  4. ^ 回族, 白族, 瑤族, ?族, ?族, 毛南族, ??族, ?族, 羌族卷 . ?州"六山六水"民族???料?? . ?州民族出版社 [Guizhou Nationalities Press]. 2008. p. 291.
  5. ^ Olson, James Stuart (1998). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China . Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 32?33. ISBN   978-0-313-28853-1 .
  6. ^ Wu, Helen Xiaoyan (2009). "Culture of [the] Bouyei (Buyi)". Encyclopedia of contemporary Chinese culture . Routledge. pp. 46?47. ISBN   978-0-415-24129-8 . OCLC   902156338 .
  7. ^ World Christian Encyclopedia, 2001 edition, Volume 1, page 197
  8. ^ Elazar, Gideon (September 19, 2019). "Nominalism: Negotiating ethnicity and Christian identity in contemporary Yunnan" . Modern Asian Studies . 53 (5): 1415?1449. doi : 10.1017/S0026749X17000610 . S2CID   191703741 – via Cambridge University Press.
  9. ^ Elazar, Gideon (July 3, 2017). "Translating culture: missionaries and linguists in contemporary Yunnan Province" . Asian Ethnicity . 18 (3): 387?405. doi : 10.1080/14631369.2016.1195248 . S2CID   147948986 – via Taylor and Francis+NEJM.

External links [ edit ]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Buyei .
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