The Bugei j?happan (武芸十八般 "Eighteen Kinds Of Martial Arts") is a selection of combat techniques and martial arts used by the samurai of Tokugawa-era Japan. ^[1] Established by Hirayama Gyozo , the concept is based on earlier Chinese traditions, such as Eighteen Arms of Wushu. ^{[2] [3]}

Eighteen arts [ edit ]

The Eighteen Arts consist of a mixture of native Japanese and imported Chinese martial art techniques and tactics. Within each art, various Ry? developed, with different methods of performing that particular art. ^[4] Certain Ry?, in turn, influenced the martial arts that were included in the list, Asayama Ichiden-ry? , Kukishin-ry? , Shinden-Fudo-ry? and Tagaki Yoshin-ry? . ^[5] The exact list varies, but is commonly held to include:

1. Ky?jutsu , archery.
2. Bajutsu , horseriding.
3. S?jutsu , fighting with a yari (spear).
4. Kenjutsu , fencing.
5. Suieijutsu , swimming in armour.
6. Iaijutsu , sword-drawing.
7. Tant?jutsu , knife-fighting.
8. Juttejutsu , fighting with a jutte (truncheon).
9. Shurikenjutsu , throwing shuriken .
10. Fukumibarijutsu , needle-spitting.
11. Naginatajutsu , fighting with a polearm, usually a naginata .
12. H?jutsu , shooting (with firearms).
13. Hoj?jutsu , tying up an opponent.
14. Yawara , grappling and fighting unarmed.
15. B?jutsu , fighting with a b? (staff).
16. Kusarigamajutsu , fighting with a chain-and-sickle .
17. M?jirijutsu , fighting with a barbed staff. ^{[6] [ page needed ]}
18. Ninjutsu , espionage. ^{[ citation needed ]}

• 
  3. S?jutsu
• 
  4. Kenjutsu
• 
  5. Suijutsu
• 
  6. Iaijutsu
• 
  7. Tantojutsu
• 
  8. Jittejutsu
• 
  9. Shurikenjutsu
• 
  10. Fukumibarijutsu
• 
  11. Naginatajutsu
• 
  12. H?jutsu
• 
  13. Hoj?jutsu
• 
  14. Yawara
• 
  15. B?jutsu
• 
  16. Kusarigamajutsu
• 
  17. M?jirijutsu
• 
  18. Ninjutsu

Other arts that were often included in the list are:

• Chikuj?jutsu , fortifying a castle against siege.
• Yabusame , mounted archery.
• Yadomejutsu , deflecting flying arrows.
• Saiminjutsu , hypnotism. ^[7]

References [ edit ]