Development proposed by Frank Lloyd Wright
Broadacre City
was an urban or suburban development concept proposed by
Frank Lloyd Wright
throughout most of his lifetime. He presented the idea in his book
The Disappearing City
in 1932. A few years later he unveiled a very detailed twelve-by-twelve-foot (3.7 × 3.7 m) scale model representing a hypothetical four-square-mile (10 km
2
) community. The model was crafted by the student interns who worked for him at
Taliesin
, and financed by
Edgar Kaufmann
. It was initially displayed at an Industrial Arts Exposition in the Forum at the
Rockefeller Center
starting on April 15, 1935. After the New York exposition, Kaufmann arranged to have the model displayed in
Pittsburgh
at an exposition titled "New Homes for Old", sponsored by the
Federal Housing Administration
. The exposition opened on June 18 on the 11th floor of
Kaufmann's
store.
[1]
Wright went on to refine the concept in later books and in articles until his death in 1959.
Many of the building models in the concept were completely new designs by Wright, while others were refinements of older ones, some of which had rarely been seen.
Broadacre City was the antithesis of a city and the
apotheosis
of the newly born
suburbia
, shaped through Wright's particular vision.
[2]
It was both a planning statement and a socio-political scheme, inspired by
Henry George
, by which each
U.S.
family would be given a one-acre (0.40-hectare) plot of land from the federal lands reserves, and a Wright-conceived community would be built anew from this.
[3]
In a sense it was the exact opposite of
transit-oriented development
. There is a train station and a few office and apartment buildings in Broadacre City, but the apartment dwellers are expected to be a small minority. All important transport is done by
automobile
, and the
pedestrian
can exist safely only
[
citation needed
]
within the confines of the one-acre (0.40-hectare) plots where most of the population dwells.
In his book
Urban Planning Theory since 1945
, Nigel Taylor considers the planning methodology of this type of city to be
Blueprint planning
, which came under heavy criticism in the late 1950s by many critics such as
Jane Jacobs
, in her 1961 book
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
.
Similar models
[
edit
]
Some of the earlier
garden city
ideas of the landscape architect
Frederick Law Olmsted
and the urban planner
Ebenezer Howard
had much in common with Broadacre City,
[
citation needed
]
save for the absence of the automobile, born much later.
More recently, the development of the
edge city
is like an unplanned, incomplete version of Broadacre city.
The
R. W. Lindholm Service Station
in
Cloquet, Minnesota
, shows some of Wright's ideas for Broadacre City.
[
citation needed
]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Hoffmann, Donald (1993).
Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater: The House and Its History
(2nd Revised ed.). New York: Dover Publications. pp. 11?25.
ISBN
9780486274300
.
- ^
Nelson, A. (1995). "The planning of exurban America: Lessons from Frank Lloyd Wright's Broadacre City".
Journal of Architectural and Planning Research
.
12
(4): 339.
- ^
The Disappearing City
, in
Frank Lloyd Wright. Frank Lloyd Wright Collected Writings, volume 3: 1931-39
. Edited by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, introduction by Kenneth Frampton (Rizzoli International Publications, Inc., New York City, 1993), 91: "In the City of Tomorrow ground space will be reckoned by the acre: an acre to the family."
Further reading
[
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]
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Private houses
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- Adams, M.
- Adams, W. and J.
- Adelman
- Affleck
- Allen?Lambe
- Alsop
- Arnold
- Bach
- Bachman?Wilson
- Baird
- Baker
- Balch
- Baldwin
- Barton
- Bazett
- Beachy
- Becker
- Blair
- Blossom
- Bogk
- Boulter
- Boynton
- Bradley
- Brandes
- Broad Margin
- Brown
- Buehler
- Bulbulian
- Charnley
- Cheney
- Christie
- Cooke
- Coonley
- Copeland
- Crimson Beech
- Dana?Thomas
- Davidson
- Davis
- DeRhodes
- Dobkins
- Ennis
- Fabyan
- Fallingwater
- Fawcett
- Forest
- Foster
- Fountainhead
- Freeman
- Fredrick
- Fricke
- Friedman
- Fukuhara
- G. Furbeck
- R. Furbeck
- Gale, L.
- Gale, T.
- Gale, W.
- Gerts
- Gilmore
- Gillin
- Glasner
- Goetsch?Winckler
- Gordon
- Grant
- Graycliff
- Gridley
- Hanna?Honeycomb
- Hardy
- Haynes
- Heath
- Heller
- Henderson
- Heurtley
- Hickox
- Hills
- Hoffman
- Hollyhock
- Jacobs I
- Jacobs II
- Johnson
- Jones
- Kalil
- Keland
- Kentuck Knob
- Keys
- Kinney
- Kraus
- Lamberson
- Lamp
- Laurent
- Levin
- Lewis
- Lewis, L.
- Manson
- Marden
- D. D. Martin
- W. E. Martin
- May
- McBean
- McCarthy
- Millard
- Miller
- Millard, G.
- Moore
- Mosher
- Mossberg
- Murphy
- Neils
- Olfelt
- Palmer
- Pappas
- Parker
- Pauson
- Penfield
- Peterson Cottage
- Pew
- Pope?Leighey
- Rayward
- Rebhuhn
- Reisley
- Richardson
- Roberts
- Robie
- Roloson
- Rosenbaum
- Rudin
- Samara
- Sander
- Schaberg
- Schwartz
- Serlin
- Shavin
- Smith, G. W.
- Smith, M.
- Smith, R.
- Sondem
- Spencer
- Staley
- Stockman
- Storer
- Stromquist
- Sturges
- Sullivan
- Sunday
- Sutton
- Sweeton
- Tan-Y-Deri
- Thaxton
- Thomas
- Tomek
- Tonkens
- Tracy
- Trier
- Turkel
- Wall
- Walker
- Walser
- Walter
- Westcott
- Westhope
- Weltzheimer
- Willey
- Williams
- Willits
- Wingspread
- Winslow
- Woolley
- Wright, D. and G.
- Wright, D. and J.
- Wright, R.
- Wynant
- Yamamura
- Young
- Zeigler
- Zimmerman
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Housing systems
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Other
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Posthumous
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Unbuilt
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People
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