Agreement among football bowl games
The
Bowl Alliance
was an agreement among
college football
bowl games (specifically the
Sugar
,
Orange
, and
Fiesta
Bowls) for the purpose of trying to match the top two teams in a
national championship
game and to provide quality
bowl game
matchups for the champions of its member conferences. The agreement was in place for the
1995
,
1996
, and
1997
seasons and had replaced the
Bowl Coalition
. Each participating team in the Bowl Alliance Championship received $8.5 million from the television sponsors.
[1]
Background
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]
In its beginnings, the Bowl Alliance involved the
SEC
,
Big Eight
,
SWC
,
ACC
, and
Big East conference
champions, as well as independent
Notre Dame
. Because of this, only one at-large slot was available for teams to vie for. With the disbanding of the Big Eight and SWC following the 1995 football season and the formation of the
Big 12 Conference
in its wake, an additional at-large bid became available. The Alliance bowls were held on three successive days in each of the three years of the Alliance's existence with one game played on
New Year's Eve
, one on
New Year's Day
, and one on January 2. A Bowl Alliance Poll was formed by adding together the point totals from
AP Poll
and
Coaches' Poll
. The top two ranked teams from the Alliance conferences met in the Bowl Alliance national championship game, which rotated between the three Alliance bowls and was always held on January 2.
Because the
Big Ten
and
Pac-10
conferences were contractually tied to the
Rose Bowl
via automatic bids for their conference champions, their conference champions could not participate in the Alliance Bowls. Nevertheless, the conferences could be represented in the games if one of their teams procured an at-large bid to a Bowl Alliance game. This occurred twice, with Penn State and Ohio State playing in the Fiesta and Sugar Bowls in 1997 and 1998.
CBS and ABC split television coverage of the Bowl Alliance, with CBS acquiring the rights to the Orange and Fiesta Bowls from NBC following their 1995 playings and ABC already being in possession of the Sugar Bowl rights as they had been since 1970.
In the last two years of the Bowl Alliance, the possibility existed for a split national championship. In 1996, No. 1
Florida State
played No. 3
Florida
for the national championship in the Sugar Bowl while No. 2 Pac-10 champion
Arizona State
was locked into playing in the Rose Bowl against No. 4
Ohio State
. Arizona State lost to Ohio State in the
1997 Rose Bowl
, ending the possibility for a split national championship for that season.
In 1997, the same problem occurred but with the #1 team in both polls being locked out of the Bowl Alliance's championship game. Following the regular season, the top three teams in both polls’ rankings were
Michigan
,
Nebraska
, and
Tennessee
. As the Big Ten champion, Michigan was contracted to play in the
Rose Bowl
on January 1. The
Orange Bowl
was to be played the next night between Nebraska and Tennessee, the top teams in the Alliance rankings, but only a Michigan loss to
Washington State
would result in an undisputed national champion. Michigan defeated Washington State in the Rose Bowl, which ensured that the winner of the Orange Bowl would receive a share of the national championship; the game was won by Nebraska, marking the third time in four years that they had been recognized as the national champion and the second time that they had been part of a split championship after the 1994 Bowl Coalition's final rankings.
Following the 1997 season the Bowl Alliance's member conferences and bowls joined with the
Big Ten
and
Pac-10
conferences and the
Rose Bowl
to form the
Bowl Championship Series
beginning with the
1998 college football season
.
Trophy
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The Bowl Alliance awarded its own trophy to the winner of its designated national championship game.
[2]
The Alliance trophy was a large crystal
chalice
. It was awarded to the winning coach on the field immediately following the Alliance national championship game.
Demise
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]
Because the Bowl Alliance failed to include the Pac-10, Big Ten (and thus the Rose Bowl), or any so-called mid-major conferences, the Bowl Alliance was reformed just three years after it began.
BYU
's performance opened the door for mid-major conferences to participate in upper-tier bowls as well. In 1996, despite 18 conference championships in 23 years, one of the winningest records in college football and a #5 ranking in the AP poll, BYU was excluded from a Bowl Alliance bowl and was relegated to the
Cotton Bowl
(which of the major bowls had been left out when the Bowl Coalition was reformed into the Bowl Alliance), beating
Kansas State
to finish the season 14?1. The Bowl Coalition was at risk of
antitrust
enforcement because of its
monopoly
limiting participation in the most recognized bowls to members of just a few conferences.
LaVell Edwards
, BYU's
head coach
, testified in Congress at that time about the inherent unfairness in recruiting for teams who were excluded from bowls simply because of conference affiliation. With the pressure of potential Congressional action, the Bowl Alliance reformed into the
Bowl Championship Series
that not only included the Big Ten and the Pac-10 conference but also cracked open the door to allow the possibility of a "mid-major" team's participation. BYU's rival
Utah
became the first mid-major team to participate in a BCS bowl game, in the
2005 Fiesta Bowl
.
History and schedule
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1995?96 season
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]
1996?97 season
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]
1997?98 season
[
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]
Appearances
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Bowl Alliance appearances by team
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]
+ Denotes Bowl Alliance National Championship Game
Bowl Alliance National Championship Game appearances by team
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Bowl Alliance appearances by conference
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]
Conference
|
Appearances
|
W
|
L
|
Pct
|
# Schools
|
School(s)
|
Big 12
|
4
|
3
|
1
|
.750
|
3
|
Nebraska (2?0)
Kansas State (1?0)
Texas (0?1)
|
ACC
|
3
|
2
|
1
|
.667
|
1
|
Florida State (2?1)
|
Big East
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
.333
|
2
|
Virginia Tech (1?1)
Syracuse (0?1)
|
SEC
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
.333
|
2
|
Florida (1?1)
Tennessee (0?1)
|
Big Ten
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
.500
|
2
|
Penn State (1?0)
Ohio State (0?1)
|
Big 8
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1.000
|
1
|
Nebraska (1?0)
|
Independent
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
.000
|
1
|
Notre Dame (0?1)
|
SWC
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
.000
|
1
|
Texas (0?1)
|
Bowl Alliance National Championship Game appearances by conference
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]
Conference
|
Appearances
|
W
|
L
|
Pct
|
# Schools
|
School(s)
|
Big 8
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1.000
|
1
|
Nebraska (1?0)
|
Big 12
|
1
|
1
|
0
|
1.000
|
1
|
Nebraska (1?0)
|
SEC
|
3
|
1
|
2
|
.333
|
2
|
Florida (1?1)
Tennessee (0?1)
|
ACC
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
.000
|
1
|
Florida State (0?1)
|
Heisman Trophy winners in Bowl Alliance National Championship Games
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]
References
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NCAA
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Division III
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Records
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NAIA
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Other topics
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NJCAA
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NCCAA
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Games
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Media
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Related articles
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Non-U.S. football
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Note: Football-only conferences are listed
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