Bombing of Durango
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Part of the
Spanish Civil War
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Photo of the bombing taken by an Italian pilot.
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Date
| 31 March 1937
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Location
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Result
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The town of Durango was destroyed
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Belligerents
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Spanish Republic
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Aviazione Legionaria
Condor Legion
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Commanders and leaders
|
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?
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?
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Strength
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Anti-aircraft artillery
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He-51 and
CR.32
fighters
9
SM.81
bombers
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Casualties and losses
|
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248?250 civilians dead
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None
|
The
Bombing of Durango
took place on 31 March 1937, during the
Spanish Civil War
. On 31 March 1937 the Nationalists started their offensive against the Republican held province of Biscay. As part of the offensive the
Aviazione Legionaria
and the
Legion Condor
bombed
Durango
, a town of 10,000 inhabitants that was also a key road and railway junction behind the frontline. Around 250 people are believed to have died in the bombing.
Background
[
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]
On 31 March 1937, the
Nationalist forces
, led by
Emilio Mola
, started the
offensive
against the
Republican
held,
Vizcaya
Province. Mola said that: "I have decided to terminate rapidly the war in the north: those not guilty of
assassinations
and who surrender their arms will have their lives and property spared. But, if submission is not immediate, I will raze all
Vizcaya
to the ground, beginning with the industries of war".
The same day the Nationalists bombed the towns of Durango
and
Elorrio
.
The bombing
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]
Durango, a town of 10,000 inhabitants, was a road and railway junction between
Bilbao
and the front. By bombing the road and infrastructure in the town, the Republican forces would be prevented from sending reinforcements from Bilbao. It would also ensure that the Basque and Republican troops couldn't retreat in an orderly fashion in order to fight another day.
Despite the importance of Durango as a transportation junction, the town had no air defences, and there were only a few Republican
fighter planes
to be found in the Basque region.
On 31 March, German and Italian transport planes modified to carry bombs (German
Ju 52
and Italian
Savoia-Marchetti SM.81
) from the
Condor Legion
and the
Aviazione Legionaria
bombed the town in relays. Two churches were bombed during the celebration of mass, killing 14 nuns and the officiated priest.
Furthermore,
Heinkel He 51
fighters strafed fleeing civilians. Altogether, around 250 civilians (Thomas: 248;
Beevor: 250
and Preston: 258
) died in the attack.
Aftermath
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]
On 28 April, Durango fell to Nationalist side. While the local road junction meant that Durango was a legitimate target for an air attack and the bombing did not contravene the laws of war as they were at the time, foreign observers were shocked at the carnage.
The Nationalists denied responsibility for the bombing, claiming that the priest and the nuns who died in the bombing were killed and burned by the
reds
.
Queipo de llano
said that: "our planes bombed military objectives in Durango, and later communists and socialists locked up the priests and nuns, shooting without pity and burning the churches".
The bombing of Durango was to a certain extent overlooked historically. Instead, it was the
bombing of Guernica
, a similar air attack that took place four weeks later, that came to symbolize the horrors of modern
aerial warfare
in the public consciousness.
See also
[
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]
References
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]
Notes
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]
43°10′N
2°38′W
/
43.167°N 2.633°W
/
43.167; -2.633