From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
As of July 2020
[update]
, a total of 60
Boeing 747
aircraft, or just under 4% of the total number of 747s built, first flown commercially in 1970, have been involved in
accidents and incidents
resulting in a
hull loss
, meaning that the aircraft was either destroyed or damaged beyond economical repair.
[1]
Of the 60 Boeing 747 aircraft losses, 32 resulted in no loss of life; in one, a
hostage
was murdered; and in one, a terrorist died.
[1]
Some of the aircraft that were declared damaged beyond economical repair were older 747s that sustained relatively minor damage. Had these planes been newer, repairing them might have been economically viable, although with the 747's increasing obsolescence, this is becoming less common.
[2]
[3]
Some 747s have been involved in accidents resulting in the
highest death toll of any civil aviation accident
, the
highest death toll of any single airplane accident
, and the
highest death toll of a midair collision
. As with most airliner accidents, the root of cause(s) in these incidents involved a confluence of multiple factors that rarely could be ascribed to flaws with the 747's design or its flying characteristics.
1970s
[
edit
]
- Pan Am Flight 93
was the first hull loss of a Boeing 747 (747-121), the result of terrorism after it was hijacked by the
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine
. On September 6, 1970, a new
Pan American World Airways
aircraft flying from Amsterdam to New York City was hijacked and flown first to
Beirut
, then to
Cairo
. Shortly after the occupants were evacuated from the aircraft after arriving at Cairo, it was blown up.
[4]
- Japan Airlines Flight 404
, the second 747 hull loss, was very similar to the first. The aircraft was hijacked on a flight from
Amsterdam
to
Anchorage, Alaska
, on July 20, 1973, by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine working with the
Japanese Red Army
. It flew to
Dubai
, then
Damascus
, before ending its journey at
Benghazi
. The occupants were released and the aircraft was blown up. One of the hijackers died.
[5]
- Lufthansa Flight 540
was the first fatal crash of a 747. On November 20, 1974, it stalled and crashed moments after taking off from
Nairobi
, with 59 deaths and 98 survivors. The cause was an error by the
flight engineer
in combination with a lack of a sufficient warning system.
[6]
- Air France Flight 193
, a Boeing 747-128 (N28888) operating the sector between Bombay (now Mumbai) and Tel Aviv to Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport, was destroyed by fire, June 12, 1975, on the ground at Bombay’s (now Mumbai’s)
Santa Cruz Airport
, following an aborted take-off, with no fatalities.
[6]
- Imperial Iranian Air Force Flight ULF48
, a 747 freighter, crashed near
Madrid
on May 9, 1976, due to the structural failure of its left wing in flight, killing the 17 people on board. The accident investigation determined that a lightning strike caused an explosion in a fuel tank in the wing, leading to
flutter
and the separation of the wing.
[7]
[8]
- On March 27, 1977, the deadliest aviation accident in history occurred when
KLM Flight 4805 collided on the runway
with
Pan Am 1736
in heavy fog at
Tenerife Airport
, resulting in 583 fatalities. Both aircraft were 747s. The 61 survivors were all from the Pan Am 747. The Pan Am aircraft was the first 747 to enter commercial service.
[9]
- Air India Flight 855
crashed into the sea off the coast of
Mumbai
(formerly
Bombay
) on New Year's Day, 1978. All 213 passengers and crew died. The cause was lack of
situational awareness
on the captain's part after executing a banked turn.
[6]
1980s
[
edit
]
- Korean Air Lines Flight 015
, operating a flight from Los Angeles to
Seoul
, with a refueling stop at Anchorage, Alaska, was damaged beyond repair at landing on November 19, 1980. Of the 226 occupants, 15 passengers and crew died.
[6]
- On August 4, 1983, Pan Am Flight 73, a 747-100, struck a VASI light installation and its concrete base landing at Karachi International Airport, causing the nose gear to collapse backwards and to the left, resulting in total destruction of the VASI light installation and damage to the forward cargo hold, floor of the first class section, and the stairway leading to the upper deck.
[10]
(Not to be confused with a later hijacking in 1986 of a Pan Am Flight 73.)
- On September 1, 1983,
Korean Air Lines Flight 007
, a 747-200B from New York City to Seoul via
Anchorage
, was shot down by the
Soviet Air Force
just west of Sakhalin Island while flying through prohibited airspace. All 269 passengers and crew were killed.
[11]
- On November 27, 1983,
Avianca Flight 011
, a 747-200 flying from Paris to
Bogota
via
Madrid
, crashed into a mountainside due to a navigational error while maneuvering to land at
Madrid Barajas International Airport
, killing 181 of the 192 on board.
[11]
- On March 16, 1985, a
UTA Boeing 747-300
(registration F-GDUA) was destroyed on the ground at Paris CDG when a fire was accidentally started while the aircraft's cabin was being cleaned.
[12]
- On June 23, 1985, a bomb exploded on
Air India Flight 182
, a 747-200B en route from
Montreal
to New Delhi, causing the aircraft to explode and crash off the southwest coast of Ireland, killing all 329 on board. Until the
September 11 attacks
of 2001, the Air India bombing was the single deadliest terrorist attack involving aircraft. It remains the "worst mass murder in Canadian history."
[13]
- On August 12, 1985,
Japan Airlines Flight 123
crashed when the rear pressure bulkhead of a 747SR flying from Tokyo to
Osaka
failed at cruising altitude, severing the aircraft's
vertical stabilizer
. The pilots kept it in the air for 32 minutes, but it eventually struck
Mount Takamagahara
and crashed. Of the 524 people on board, only four passengers survived, making it the deadliest-ever single-aircraft accident. The accident was caused by Boeing improperly repairing the tail strike suffered by the same aircraft seven years earlier.
[14]
- On December 2, 1985, Air France Flight 091 overshot the runway during a landing at Rio de Janeiro-Galeao International Airport, Brazil. No fatalities occurred, but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
[15]
- On November 28, 1987,
South African Airways Flight 295
, a 747-200BSCD "Combi" en route from
Taipei
to
Johannesburg
, crashed into the ocean off
Mauritius
after a fire broke out in the rear cargo hold, damaging vital control systems. All 159 people on board died.
[16]
- On December 21, 1988,
Pan Am Flight 103
, a 747-100, disintegrated in midair after a bomb in the luggage hold exploded; the wings, with their tanks full of fuel, landed on
Lockerbie
, Scotland. All 259 people on board and 11 people in Lockerbie died. A Libyan national was eventually convicted at a Scottish court sitting in the Netherlands of murder in connection with the bombing.
[16]
- On February 19, 1989,
Flying Tiger Line Flight 66
, a 747-200F, was flying using a
non-directional beacon
approach to Runway 33 at
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport
, Kuala Lumpur, when the aircraft hit a hillside 600 ft (180 m) above sea level, resulting in the deaths of all four people on board.
[17]
1990s
[
edit
]
- On May 7, 1990,
Air India
Flight 132 touched down at Delhi-Indira Gandhi International Airport after a flight from London-Heathrow. On application of reverse thrust, a failure of the number-one engine pylon-to-wing attachment caused this engine to tilt nose down. Hot exhaust gasses caused a fire on the left wing. The aircraft, VT-EBO, was damaged beyond repair.
[18]
- British Airways Flight 149
was a 747-100 flying from
London Heathrow Airport
to
Sultan Abdul Aziz Shah Airport
, Kuala Lumpur, with stopovers in
Kuwait International Airport
and
Madras International Airport
(now Chennai). The aircraft landed in Kuwait City on August 1, 1990, four hours after the
Gulf War
broke out. All 385 passengers and crew were taken hostage by Iraqi forces; one was executed, but the others were released. The aircraft was subsequently blown up.
[18]
- On December 29, 1991,
China Airlines Flight 358
, a 747-200, crashed shortly after takeoff from
Chiang Kai-shek International Airport
in Taipei, Taiwan, killing all five crewmembers, when the number-three and number-four engines (both right engines) detached from the aircraft.
[19]
- On October 4, 1992,
El Al Flight 1862
, a 747-200F, crashed shortly after takeoff from
Amsterdam Schiphol Airport
after the right-side engines both fell off, due to metal fatigue, and damaged the right wing, killing all three crew members and the single passenger on board, as well as 39 people on the ground.
[20]
- On November 4, 1993,
China Airlines Flight 605
, a brand-new 747-400 from Taipei to Hong Kong
Kai Tak Airport
, landed 2,000 feet (610 m) past the threshold on runway 13, with insufficient braking power. Unable to stop before the end of the runway, the captain steered the aircraft into
Victoria Harbour
. All passengers were evacuated via inflatable life rafts. The vertical fin was blown off with explosives, as it disrupted airport operations. The aircraft was recovered from the harbor days later and was written off.
[21]
- On December 20, 1995,
Tower Air Flight 41
, a 747-100, veered off the left side of runway 4L during an attempted takeoff at John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK), New York City, New York. The flight was a regularly scheduled passenger/cargo flight conducted under the provisions of Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 121. Of the 468 persons aboard (451 passengers, 12 cabin crew members, three flight crew members, and two cockpit jumpseat occupants), 24 passengers sustained minor injuries, and a flight attendant received serious injuries. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair.
[22]
- On July 17, 1996,
TWA Flight 800
, a 747-100 bound for Charles de Gaulle Airport in Paris, exploded during its climb from JFK in New York, killing all 230 people aboard. A spark from a wire in the center fuel tank is believed to have caused the explosion. Changes in fuel tank management were adopted after the crash.
[23]
(reconstruction pictured)
- On November 12, 1996,
Saudi Arabian Airlines Flight 763
, a 747-100B, collided with Kazakhstan Airlines Flight 1907, an
Ilyushin Il-76
, in midair over Charkhi Dadri in
Haryana
, India, resulting in the deaths of all 349 occupants of both aircraft, the deadliest midair collision in history.
[24]
- On August 6, 1997,
Korean Air Flight 801
, a
Boeing 747-300
, crashed into a hillside while on approach to
Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport
on the island of Guam due to pilot error. Of the 254 people on board, 25 survived.
[25]
- On December 27, 1997, a
Pakistan Airlines
Boeing 747 plane from Karachi to London, crashed when landing at Dubai International Airport. It overshot the runway and went through the perimeter wall. There were no fatalities.
[26]
- On August 5, 1998,
Korean Air Flight 8702
, a
Boeing 747-400
, overshot a runway while landing. The fuselage split and 25 people were injured.
- On March 5, 1999, Air France flight 6745, a 747-2B3F (F-GPAN) carrying 66
tons
of cargo from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to
Madras International Airport
,
Madras
via
Karachi
and
Bangalore HAL Airport
, was destroyed by fire after landing with the nose gear up. No fatalities occurred.
[27]
- On December 22, 1999,
Korean Air Cargo Flight 8509
, a 747-200F from
London Stansted Airport
, crashed shortly after take-off, killing all four crew. The captain of the aircraft had mishandled it due to erroneous indications on his
attitude indicator
.
2000s
[
edit
]
- On October 31, 2000,
Singapore Airlines Flight 006
, a 747-400 flying from Singapore to Los Angeles via Taipei, collided with construction equipment while attempting to take off from a closed runway at Taiwan's Chiang Kai-shek International Airport (now
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
), killing 79 passengers and four crew members on board.
[28]
There were 96 survivors, including all three pilots.
- On August 23, 2001,
Saudia
Flight 3830 a, 747-300, rolled into a drainage ditch at Kuala Lumpur Airport and toppled forward, causing severe damage to the nose section. Reportedly, the aircraft was being taxied by a ground engineer on the number two and -three engines. When trying to make a turn, the brakes and steering had no effect, and the aircraft continued into the ditch. The auxiliary hydraulic pumps, which actuated brakes and steering, were thought to be switched off.
[29]
- On November 27, 2001, an
MK Airlines
747-200F crashed about 700 m short of the runway near Port Harcourt Airport, Nigeria. Of the 13 on board, one died.
[30]
- On May 25, 2002,
China Airlines Flight 611
, a 747-200B en route to Hong Kong International Airport from Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, broke up in midair 20 minutes after take-off and crashed into the Taiwan Strait, killing all 225 occupants on board. Subsequent investigation determined the cause to be
metal fatigue cracking
due to an improperly performed repair after a
tail strike
.
[31]
- On October 14, 2004,
MK Airlines Flight 1602
, a 747-200F, crashed while attempting to take off from
Halifax Stanfield International Airport
, killing all seven on board. The aircraft's take-off weight had been incorrectly calculated, and it was only airborne briefly before stalling at the end of the runway.
[32]
- On November 7, 2004, an
Air Atlanta
Boeing 747 freighter was taking off when airport tower workers noticed a fire in one of the engines. Reportedly, there was a loud sound at around the same time and the aircraft crashed.
[33]
- On Jan 24, 2005,
Atlas Air
Flight 8995 overran the 23L runway on landing. It collided with ILS aerials, which caused a fire in engines two and three.
[34]
- On June 7, 2006, Tradewinds Airlines Flight 444, a 747-200F, aborted a take-off from Rionegro/Medellin-Jose Maria Cordova Airport and overran the runway. The aircraft was damaged beyond repair and withdrawn from service.
[35]
Wikinews has related news:
- On May 25, 2008,
Kalitta Air Flight 207
, a 747-200F, suffered a
bird strike
during take-off from
Brussels Airport
, Belgium. The crew aborted take-off, but the aircraft was unable to stop before it overran the runway and broke up, with no injuries.
[36]
- On July 7, 2008,
Centurion Air Cargo Flight 164
, a 747-200F, crashed into a farm field near the small village of Madrid, Colombia, shortly after take-off from
El Dorado International Airport
. The crew had reported an engine fire and were attempting to return to the airport. One of the aircraft's engines hit a farmhouse and killed two people inside it.
[37]
- On September 4, 2009,
Air India
Flight 829, a 747-400, suffered an engine fire at Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport, Mumbai, shortly before take-off. None of the 213 passengers and 16 crew was injured or killed, but the aircraft was written off.
[38]
2010s
[
edit
]
- On September 3, 2010,
UPS Airlines Flight 6
, a
747-400F
, crashed near Dubai International Airport, killing two crew members. The crash was blamed on lithium-ion batteries in the cargo hold that caught fire.
[39]
- On July 28, 2011,
Asiana Airlines Flight 991
, a 747-400F, caught fire and crashed in the sea near
Jeju Island
, killing both crew members.
- On April 29, 2013,
National Airlines Flight 102
, 747-400BCF, stalled and crashed shortly after taking off from
Bagram Airfield
in Bagram, killing all seven crew members.
[40]
- On December 22, 2013, the right wing on British Airways Flight 34, a Boeing 747-436 registered as G-BNLL, struck a building at
O. R. Tambo International Airport
in Johannesburg while taxiing on the wrong
taxiway
. Both the aircraft's wing and the building sustained severe damage, but no injuries occurred amongst the crew or 189 passengers, although four on the ground were injured. The aircraft was officially written off in February 2014.
[41]
- On March 19, 2015, 7O-YMN, a 747-SP used by the president of Yemen, was damaged by gunfire from troops loyal to deposed president
Ali Abdullah Saleh
. Photos released a few months later showed the remains of the destroyed aircraft.
[42]
- On June 16, 2015,
Delta Air Lines
Flight 159, a 747-400 (N664US) was en route from
Detroit Metropolitan Airport
to
Incheon International Airport
in Seoul. About two and a half hours from landing, the flight encountered a hailstorm that caused damage to the radome and leading edges on the wings. Additionally there was severe turbulence that caused items to fall inside the cabin, although no injuries were reported.
[43]
The aircraft eventually had temporary repairs made in order for the aircraft to fly to storage at
Pinal Airpark
in Marana, Arizona on July 10, 2015. It was determined that it was not economically feasible to complete repairs, and the aircraft was scrapped in 2016.
[44]
- On January 16, 2017,
Turkish Airlines Flight 6491
, a 747-400F operated by
ACT Airlines
en route from Hong Kong to
Istanbul
via
Bishkek
,
Kyrgyzstan
, overshot the runway on landing in thick fog at
Manas International Airport
in Bishkek and caught fire; 39 people died, including all four crew members, as well as 35 residents of a village at the crash site.
[45]
[46]
[47]
- On November 7, 2018,
Sky Lease Cargo Flight 4854
, a 747-400F, overran the runway while landing at Halifax Stanfield International Airport. The aircraft sustained substantial damage but all four occupants survived, three with minor injuries.
2020s
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
List of Boeing 747 hull losses
retrieved February 17, 2013.
- ^
Page describing N4723U incident
retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^
Page describing N808MC incident
retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^
Page describing N752PA incident
retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^
Page describing JA8109 incident
retrieved January 13, 2008.
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a
b
c
d
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.
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retrieved January 13, 2008.
- ^
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(PDF)
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
- ^
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- ^
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2010
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. Avherald.com
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2014
.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
- ^
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[A Turkish Airlines cargo plane crashed near Bishkek (with pictures)].
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2017
.
[
permanent dead link
]
- ^
"При крушении Boeing под Бишкеком погибли не менее 16 человек"
[At least 16 people killed in Boeing crash near Bishkek].
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.
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.
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.
The Aviation Herald
. Retrieved
January 20,
2024
.
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