2000 film by Hiroyuki Kitakubo
Blood: The Last Vampire
is a
2000
Japanese animated
action
horror film
directed by
Hiroyuki Kitakubo
, written by
Kenji Kamiyama
and produced by
Production I.G
. The film premiered in theaters in Japan on November 18, 2000.
A single-volume
manga
sequel, titled
Blood: The Last Vampire 2000
and written by
Benkyo Tamaoki
, was published in Japan in 2001 by
Kadokawa Shoten
, and in English by
Viz Media
in November 2002 under the title
Blood: The Last Vampire 2002
. Three Japanese
light novel
adaptations have also been released for the series, along with a video game. It also spawned a fifty-episode anime series set in an alternate universe titled
Blood+
as well as a second anime series,
Blood-C
, also set in another alternate universe. A
live-action
adaptation of the film
with the same title
was released in Japan in May 2009.
Plot
[
edit
]
The story is set in 1966. Its main protagonist is a girl named Saya, who hunts
bat
-like
vampiric
creatures called Chiropterans. Saya is introduced on a subway train, where she assassinates a man in a suit. Her American contacts or handlers arrive. One of them, David, begins to brief Saya on another mission, while the other, Louis, discovers that the man Saya has just killed was probably not a Chiropteran.
Saya's next mission begins at the American
Yokota Air Base
, which is active in the buildup to the
Vietnam War
. At least one Chiropteran has managed to infiltrate the air base, and it is only a matter of time before they feed again, go into hibernation, and become untraceable. Saya is to pose as a school girl, infiltrate the high school adjacent to the base, and then track and kill the Chiropterans.
At the school, Saya runs into a meek nurse, Amino Makiho, on the eve of the school's annual Halloween party. Two of Saya's classmates, Sharon and Linda, make a visit to Makiho at the nurse's office. Suddenly, Saya bursts into the room, killing Linda and wounding Sharon, breaking her sword in the process. Both girls are revealed to be Chiropterans. Makiho goes into shock at the revelation. Meanwhile, a third Chiropteran reveals itself and begins making its way to the base. Back at the school, Makiho regains her nerve and pursues Sharon into a room full of dancing Americans in costume, where she finds Sharon transformed. Saya saves her and both flee into a nearby motor pool. The Chiropterans trap them inside and attack.
David delivers a new sword, and Saya uses it to kill Sharon. The final Chiropteran then decides to flee, attempting to stow away on a departing cargo plane. David and Saya give chase and she manages to strike the Chiropteran and mortally wound it. She then stands over the dying creature and lets some of her blood trickles into its mouth. Louis arrives and recovers Makiho before the local police reach her.
Afterward, Makiho is seen in an interview with government officials who question her about the night's events. However, it's revealed that all evidence of the battle between Saya and the Chiropterans has been covered up and both David and Saya have disappeared, leaving Makiho with nothing to prove the veracity of her story. Her interviewer then asks her to identify Saya in a picture which has a girl that looks identical to her, except the picture was taken in 1892. The only other description of the picture is the word "VAMPIRE". Makiho then returns to the school, where she narrates that she never really discovered the full truth behind Saya and the Chiropterans, and wonders if she's still out there fighting them.
Characters
[
edit
]
- Saya
(
小夜
,
Saya
)
hunts chiropterans using a
katana
. It is implied that she is the last remaining vampire and called "the only remaining original". Saya has no weakness to sunlight, although it is unknown if she has any of the other
vulnerabilities
often attributed to vampires. However, she does, become distressed when she encounters religious paraphernalia and angry when people mention God in her presence. Saya displays superhuman senses and strength, as well as cunning, resourcefulness, and skill. The manga series suggests that she was a
human-vampire hybrid
. Her age is unknown, but a picture of her with nine other people is shown in the film with the date 1892 and the word "vampire" attached to it. Though she holds most humans in contempt, she seems to have some sort of respect for David. Voiced by
Youki Kudoh
.
[2]
- David
is a man working for the U.S. government organization called the Red Shield. He relays missions to Saya and helps her at various points in the film. He is a
Korean War
veteran. Voiced by
Joe Romersa
.
[2]
- Amino Makiho
, a stout, soft-spoken, middle-aged nurse working at the High School. Initially a target of the Chiropterans posing as students, she manages herself well despite her abject terror, pursuing the monster Sharon and even being the one to save herself and Saya from the burning jeep hangar.
- Chiroptera
(chiropterans or, as spoken in the film, chiropterates), from the Greek for "hand wings" (
翼手
(
yokushu
)
in Japanese), are
hematophagous
bat
-like creatures, comparable to humans in intelligence. They disguise themselves as people and can gradually transform, becoming large, monstrous, and long-limbed. In this form, a further transformation produces leathery wings that allow the creature to glide, but not fly freely. Chiroptera live by feeding on human
blood
. They possess extraordinary speed and strength. They heal almost instantly from any non-lethal wound. Because of this, the only way to easily kill them is to cause them to lose a sufficiently large amount of blood from one attack.
Production
[
edit
]
Production I.G's president
Mitsuhisa Ishikawa
wanted to produce a new project that was an original concept rather than being an adaptation of an existing anime or manga series. He approached
Mamoru Oshii
, who ran a series of lectures known as the "Oshii Jyuku" for teaching new filmmakers how to create their own projects, about his idea and asked him to have his students submit ideas. The submissions of
Kenji Kamiyama
and
Junichi Fujisaku
became the basis for the upcoming film: a girl in a
sailor suit
wielding a
samurai sword
.
[3]
Ishikawa suggested
Yokota Air Base
for the film's setting, referring to it as the "state of California within Japan".
[3]
Hiroyuki Kitakubo
was selected as the film's director, a position he accepted on the condition he be given artistic license with the material.
[3]
After titling the work
Blood: The Last Vampire
, Kitakubo chose video game designer
Katsuya Terada
to work on the character designs, and
Kazuchika Kise
as the animation director.
[3]
When asked why he chose Terada instead of a regular character designer, Kitakubo stated "I personally felt he had an amazing talent; his characters have a feel to them that is universal and that is probably why he has drawn characters for video games played by people all over the world."
[3]
He goes on to note that he wanted both Terada and Kise together, and would not have hired Terada had Kise not agreed to work on the project.
[3]
The resulting film uses completely digital animation. Rather than following the tradition of using
animation cels
, the entire film was inked, colored, and then animated with computers. It also uses primarily "low light" settings, with much of the film featuring large amounts of grey and brown.
[4]
In directing the film, Kitakubo notes that his having read
Dracula
and watched the American television series
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
, they may have had some influence on the film as the rest of his life experiences have.
[3]
Production I.G broke new ground in
Blood: The Last Vampire
by being the first company to film an anime series almost entirely in English, with Japanese subtitles, feeling that it would help the film reach foreign markets more easily.
[4]
[5]
The resulting film is very short for a theatrical work, spanning only 45 minutes.
[3]
Kitakubo stated in a 2001 interview with
Animerica
that he had the remaining story of "Saya's past present and future [
sic
]" in his own mind, but that it was up to the others involved in its making as to whether there would be a sequel.
[3]
Production I.G noted that they deliberately intended for it to be a three part story, with the rest of Saya's story to be carried through in a light novel trilogy and a two-volume video game.
[5]
[6]
Media
[
edit
]
Film
[
edit
]
Produced by
Production I.G
,
SPE Visual Works
and
Sony Computer Entertainment
,
Blood: The Last Vampire
was directed by
Hiroyuki Kitakubo
. The film's characters designed were crafted by Katsuya Terada. The original screenplay was written by Kenji Kamiyama, while its musical score was composed by
Yoshihiro Ike
.
[2]
Before the film was completed, it was licensed for release in North America by
Manga Entertainment
.
[4]
It first premiered at the 5th annual International Festival of Fantasy, Action and Genre Cinema, nicknamed Fantasia 2000, in
Montreal
,
Quebec
,
Canada
where it was screened for attendees on July 29, 2000.
[4]
The film aired in Australia on August 26, 2000 at the Sydney 2000 Olympic Arts Festival.
[7]
It made its theatrical debut in its home country of Japan on November 16, 2000.
[8]
Manga Entertainment released the film theatrically in North America in the summer of 2001, followed by VHS and DVD releases on August 26, 2001.
[9]
Manga
[
edit
]
Using a concept from
Mamoru Oshii
, Production I.G had
Benkyo Tamaoki
write a sequel to
Blood: The Last Vampire
to complete the story.
[10]
It brings Saya to the year 2002, with a new generation of handlers and continuing her quest to destroy chiropterans.
[11]
Appropriately named
Blood: The Last Vampire 2000
(
ブラッド ザ?ラストヴァンパイア2000
,
Buraddo Za Rasuto Vanpaia 2000
)
, the single-volume title was published in Japan by
Kadokawa Shoten
on May 1, 2001.
[12]
It was licensed and released in English in North America by
Viz Media
under the title
Blood: The Last Vampire 2002
on November 5, 2002.
[11]
In the manga, David has retired and Saya has a new handler who makes it abundantly clear that he has no respect for her. He sends her to Jink?sen Sh?ritsu Valley High School under the name of "Saya Otonashi". There, she learns that chiropterans co-existed with humans, until humans began experimenting on them in the 19th century to try to gain immortality. The experiments increased the chiropterans' killing instinct and removed their former regard for humanity. Scientists, in turn, developed twin anti-chiropteran weapons. Maya, a prototype, still required blood and could transform like other chiropteran. The second, Saya, did not need to drink blood and had no transformation abilities so she was considered the perfected weapon. Maya searches for Saya, desiring to have Saya eat her so they can become one pure-blood chiropteran. After this meeting, Maya's body cannot be found, but it is never shown if Saya granted her request. Saya kills her handler and walks off into the night.
Light novels
[
edit
]
A
trilogy
of
light novels
have been created in relation to
Blood: the Last Vampire
and published by
Kadokawa
. Published in Japan in October 2000,
Blood: The Last Vampire: Night of the Beasts
(
ブラッド?ザ?ラストバンパイヤ ?たちの夜
,
Kemonotachi no Yoru
)
was written by
Mamoru Oshii
. It was published in English in North America by
DH Press
on November 23, 2005.
[13]
The second novel,
Blood: The Last Vampire: The Blood Which Invites the Darkness
(
ブラッド?ザ?ラストバンパイヤ 闇を誘う血
,
Yami o Izanau Chi
)
was written by
Junichi Fujisaku
, who also directed the spin-off
Blood+
anime series. This was published in January 2001.
[13]
[14]
The third novel, also written by Fujisaku, is
Blood: The Last Vampire: A Tragic Dream in Shanghai
(
ブラッド?ザ?ラストバンパイヤ 上海哀?
,
Shanhai Aiby?
)
and was published in July 2001.
[13]
Video games
[
edit
]
In 2000, Production I.G and
Sony Computer Entertainment Japan
co-produced a two-volume
Blood: The Last Vampire
video game. The game features a musical score by
Yuki Kajiura
with
Youki Kudoh
reprising her role as the voice of Saya, and over two hours of theater quality animation. It is a
graphical adventure
that brings Saya and her hunt for Chiropterans to Tokyo in 2000. There she meets a seventeen-year-old boy who begins wondering about Saya and the history of "Blood". Both volumes of the game were released to the
PlayStation 2
in Japan on December 21, 2000.
[15]
[16]
Famitsu
magazine scored the first volume a 33 out of 40.
[17]
Animerica
's
Dr. Brown called the original game "boring", but did compliment it for having "beautifully animated sequences".
[18]
In 2006, Production I.G and Sony re-released the game. Both volumes were combined into a single game for the
PlayStation Portable
(PSP). The game was called
Yarudora Series Vol. 5: Blood: The Last Vampire
(
やるドラ ポ?タブル Blood the Last Vampire
)
and was released in Japan on January 26, 2006. The combined game included new cover art and additional features, including a strategy flow chart, a
digital art
gallery, and some exclusive films.
[19]
[20]
Live action film
[
edit
]
In May 2006,
Bill Kong
, producer of
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon
and
Hero
, announced that he was producing a live-action film adaptation of
Blood: The Last Vampire,
directed by
Ronny Yu
, and, like the source anime film, primarily filmed in English rather than Japanese.
[21]
The film's setting is 1970 at a United States Air Force Base in
Tokyo
, during the
Vietnam War
. Early reports indicated that the film's plot will feature Saya as a 400-year-old
half human-half vampire
who hunts full blooded
vampires
, both to rid the world of them and as they are her only source for food. She works with an organization known only as "The Council". Normally a loner, Saya forms a friendship with a young girl she meets at an American military base while preparing to battle Onigen, the highest ranking of the vampires.
[22]
[23]
Kong and Yu originally planned to finance the project themselves, but in November 2006, Production I.G officially consented to the film and began offering financial support.
[24]
[25]
Through ties to
Manga Entertainment
, the French company
Pathe
became the film's production company.
[25]
Yu was retained as its producer, but
Chris Nahon
took over as the film's director.
[26]
[27]
Korean
actress
Jun Ji-hyun
, who adopted her English screen name Gianna Jun for the release, plays the role of Saya.
[28]
Rather than being paid a straight license, Production I.G will receive a percentage of all revenues generated by the film.
[25]
Originally slated to be released worldwide in spring 2008,
[25]
the film premiered in Japan on May 29, 2009 under the title
Last Blood
(
ラスト?ブラッド
,
Rasuto Buraddo
)
.
[29]
The film was released in the United Kingdom on June 26, 2009.
[30]
Sony Pictures
licensed the film for release in North America, where it was released to theaters by
Samuel Goldwyn Films
on July 10, 2009.
[31]
[32]
Spin-offs
[
edit
]
In 2005, Sony and Production I.G announced the creation of
Blood+
, a fifty-episode
anime
television series
. It is held to be an
alternate universe
telling of
Blood: The Last Vampire
; it has only minor connections and similarities to the film, and many differences.
Blood+
premiered in Japan on October 8, 2005 on
MBS
/
TBS
and aired until September 23, 2006.
[33]
[34]
The series was directed by
Junichi Fujisaku
and features original character designs by Chizu Hashii. Through Sony's international division,
Blood+
was licensed for distribution in multiple regions.
[35]
In the United States, the series was broadcast as part of
Cartoon Network
's
Adult Swim
from March 11, 2007 until March 23, 2008.
[36]
The anime became its own franchise, with two light novel series adaptations, three manga adaptations, and two video games.
[37]
In 2011,
CLAMP
and Production I.G announced their collaboration of the twelve-episode
anime
television series
called
Blood-C
.
[38]
[39]
This spin-off series is also set in
different universe
from the film and the
previous anime
, and only shares the main character, having katana as her main weapon, and basic premise of her defeating monsters with that sword. CLAMP provided the story and original character designs, Tsutomu Mizushima directed the series,
Nanase Ohkawa
of CLAMP handled the series' scripts, and
Junichi Fujisaku
co-wrote the scripts and supervised the series. The series aired on Japanese television from July 8, 2011 to September 30, 2011. The sequel anime film,
Blood-C: The Last Dark
was released in theaters on June 2, 2012.
[40]
The anime also became its own franchise, with two novelizations, two manga adaptations, a stage play, and three live-action films.
Reception
[
edit
]
Blood: The Last Vampire
received multiple awards at various film festivals around the world. In 2000, it was selected as "Public's Prize Best Asia Feature Film" at the Montreal Fantasia Film Festival where it debuted,
[41]
it won the Grand Prize in the animation category at the Japanese Agency for Cultural Affairs' Media Arts Festival,
[42]
and it won the Ofuji Noburo Award at the Mainichi Film Competition.
[41]
In 2001, it won Special Prize at the akasaki Film Festival
[41]
and it was selected as the Best Theatrical Feature Film at the World Animation Celebration.
[43]
Director Hiroyuki Kitakubo won an award for his work on the film at 6th Animation Kobe.
[41]
It received the Grand Prize for animation at the 2000
Japan Media Arts Festival
.
[44]
In the first week of its North American release, more than 70,000 DVD and 30,000 VHS copies of
Blood: The Last Vampire
had been sold.
[45]
Within the first month after its release, it became
Manga Entertainment
's top selling title in the company's history.
[46]
The film also appeared on both the
Video Business, Billboard, Video Store Magazine
and
Entertainment Weekly
lists of top DVD sales.
[46]
The company attributes this success to their use of two unconventional marketing methods: a limited theatrical release before the DVD release to market the title and offering the entire film for free on the day the DVD was released through a streaming video broadcast on Sputnik7.com where it was downloaded by more than 61,000 viewers.
[45]
[46]
Marvin Gleicher, then president of Manga Entertainment, stated that the film's "success has proven to be a landmark time in the history of Manga Entertainment."
[46]
Michael Stroud of
Wired News
praised the film's blend of
2D
and
3D
elements and quoted
Academy Award
winning director
James Cameron
as saying: "Digital imaging has entered a new era. The world will come to consider this work as the standard of top quality in digital animation."
[47]
In
The Anime Encyclopedia
,
Jonathan Clements
and
Helen McCarthy
praised the film for its groundbreaking use of English, its "stunning animation" and its high end action sequences, but criticized its short length and lack of a conclusion.
[5]
Animerica
reviewer Urian Brown called it a "piece of superb animation" that a "pretty and gritty...sleek, dark, and sexy" film that will make a viewer forget its lack of "story, depth, and character development."
[48]
According to
Electronic Gaming Monthly
,
Blood: The Last Vampire
was one influence behind the "striking visuals" of the video game
Crackdown
.
[49]
Cinefantastique
listed the anime as one of the "10 Essential Animations".
[50]
The
review aggregator
website
Rotten Tomatoes
reported that 50% of critics have given the film a positive review based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 5.03/10.
[51]
On
Metacritic
, the film has a weighted average score of 44 out of 100 based on 6 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
[52]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
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.
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.
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.
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.
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- ^
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Further reading
[
edit
]
External links
[
edit
]
Blood
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Blood: The Last Vampire
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Blood+
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Blood-C
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