From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A
bioeffector
is a viable
microorganism
or active natural compound which directly or indirectly affects plant performance (
biofertilizer
), and thus has the potential to reduce
fertilizer
and
pesticide
use in crop production.
[1]
Types
[
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]
Bioeffectors have a direct or indirect effect on plant performance by influencing the functional implementation or activation of biological mechanisms, particularly those interfering with soil-plant-microbe interactions.
[2]
In contrast to conventional fertilizers and pesticides, the effectiveness of bioeffectors is not based on a substantial direct input of mineral plant nutrients, either in inorganic or organic forms.
- Products in use are:
- Microbial residues,
- Composting and fermentation products,
- Plant and algae extracts
- Bioeffector-preparations (
bio-agents
) as ready-formulated products are applied:
- with the purpose of stimulating plant growth (bio-stimulants),
- to improve plant nutrient acquisition (bio-fertilizers),
- to protect plants from
pathogens
and
pests
(
bio-control agents
)
- or generally to advance cropping efficiency; they can contain one or more bio-effectors along with other substances”
[3]
- Well established bioeffectors with documented positive results in the field level are:
- Rhizobia
strains for soil or seed inoculation as a prerequisite for symbiotic N2-fixation when establishing new legume species or varieties.
- positive effects of
mycorrhiza
inoculation for soils with a (temporarily) low potential for natural root mycorrhization.
- sufficient mycorrhization enhances nutrient (P) and water uptake and increases resistance to pathogenic fungi.
- Further mechanisms for the positive impact of bioeffectors on plant growth have postulated, promising a high potential for resource preservation due to reduction of fertiliser and pesticide use:
- Active nutrient mobilisation by exudation of acids and carboxylates (e.g. P-mobilisation),
- exudation of micro-nutrient mobilising siderophores/chelates (e.g. Fe
3+
),
- reduction of trace elements from less soluble oxidised to highly soluble reduced forms (e.g. Fe
3+
to Fe
2+
, Mn
4+
to Mn
2+
),
- associative/non-symbiotic N
2
-fixation, protective antagonism to plant pathogens,
- enhancement of mycorrhizal infection and growth, and stimulating hormonal effects.
Research and Public Dissemination
[
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]
Under the Acronym
Biofector
the European Union supports the Research of Bioeffectors under the leadership of the
University of Hohenheim
. Coordinator
Guenter Neumann
, Projectmembers:
Ji?i Balik
,
Borbala Biro
,
Karl Fritz Lauer
,
Uwe Ludewig
,
Torsten Muller
,
Alessandro Piccolo
,
Manfred G. Raupp
,
Kornelia Smalla
,
Pavel Tlusto?
,
Markus Weinmann
.
The results of the project will be evaluated by the members of the
Association Biostimulants in Agriculture
(ABISTA) and provided agriculture for use and EU institutions for the legislative and registration procedures.
[4]
Other Biostimulants Organisations are
European Biostimulant Industry Council
,
International Biocontrol Manufacturers' Association
and
Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting
.
External links
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]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Minutes of the 6th International Symposium Plant Protection and Plant Health in Europe, May 2014 Braunschweig, Germany
- ^
V. Romheld, G. Neumann (2006):
The Rhizosphere: Contributions of the soil-root interface to sustainable soil systems
. In: N. Uphoff, N., N. A. S. Ball et al. (Hg.),
Biological Approaches to Sustainable Soil Systems
, S. 92?107, CRC-Press, Oxford, UK.
- ^
Bakonyi N., Donath S., Weinmann M., Neumann G.,
Muller T.
,
Romheld V.
(2008): Assessing commercial bio-fertilisers for improved phoshorus availability. Use of rapid screening tests. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Pflanzenernahrung 2008
- ^
"Webpage Biostimulants Association"
. Archived from
the original
on 2018-06-04
. Retrieved
2016-06-16
.