Syrian leader
Ayyash Al-Haj Hussein Al-Jassim
(
Arabic
:
???? ????? ???? ??????
) was a
Syrian
revolutionary who led the armed struggle against the
French
in the
Deir al-Zour Governorate
in 1925 during the
Great Syrian Revolt
. He was sent into exile to
Jableh
in western Syria with his family after they were convicted of planning and carrying out future rebellions against the French in other parts of Syria. They also sentenced his eldest son Mohammed 20 years in prison on the
island of Arwad
, and executed his son Mahmoud by shooting with a number of other
revolutionaries
.
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
Shortly after Al-Haj and his family were sent to
Jableh
, he was assassinated by the French authorities in a cafe outside of the city by
poisoning
his coffee, and prevented the transfer of his body to his hometown in
Deir Ez-zor
for reasons of public security. He was buried in
Jableh
in the cemetery of Sultan
Ibrahim ibn Adham
Mosque where the absent prayers held for the spirit of this martyr
mujahid
in all the Syrian cities.
[5]
[6]
[7]
Lineage
[
edit
]
Ayyash was born in
Deir al-Zour
in 1864 for Al-Haj family from the Abo Obaid
clan
from the
Baggara
Tribe
.
[8]
[9]
Personal life
[
edit
]
Ayyash Al-haj grew up in a national family that contributed to the struggle against the
Colonizers
throughout history, Therefore, Ayyash was liking his city and his homeland, and a lover of its material and immaterial traditions, and that is why he devoted most of his life to the service and protection of his city.
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
When the
Ottomans
left
Deir ez-Zor
, Ayyash Al-Haj contributed to protecting the people of
Deir ez-Zor
from the chaos and the absence of security left by the absence of the
Ottoman
authority. He formed a local government known as
Haj Fadel Government
with the dignitaries of
Deir ez-Zor
, headed by his cousin from the Abu Obaid
clan
,
Fadel Al-Aboud
in 1918.
[14]
He established a national army from the people of the city with Mr. Omar Al-'Abd Al-'Aziz and Mr. Khalaf Al-'Abd Al-Hamid to counter the
invasion
of the
English
and clashed with them at the site of Salhiya in 1919.
Ayyash Al-Haj also contributed to resolving many
conflicts
and
revolutions
between the people of
Deir ez-Zor
and between them and the people of the countryside due to his close ties with the
Baggara
Tribes
, his cousins and close friends of the Albu Saraya
clan
, who later participated with his sons in the formation of armed revolutionary groups against the
French forces
.
[15]
[16]
The French sentenced him to
exile
in the city of
Jableh
with his family members in 1925; they also sentenced his eldest son Mohammad to 20 years' imprisonment and executed his son Mahmoud by firing squad after being convicted of planning and carrying out several military operations against
French forces
in Syria, the most recent of which was the epic of Ain Bou Juma in 1925.
[17]
[18]
Ayyash and his family left to their
exile
in the city of
Jableh
where the people of the city embraced him and were respected him for their struggle and virtues.
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
Sons
[
edit
]
Ayyash ?Al-Haj was married to Ms. Qmorh Al Aboud (sister of
Fadel Al-Aboud
, head of the
Deir Ezzor government
), he has seven males and three females, and each of his sons has a prominent place in
Deir Ezzor
, Among his sons:
Mohammed Al-Ayyash
[
edit
]
Politician, a writer and a symbol of sovereignty and leadership in
Deir Ezzor
, Born in Deir Ez-Zor in 1894, early engaged in the political activity, where he founded the national movement against
French colonialism
and demanded the independence of
Syria
with some of his friends such as Sheikh Mohammed Said Al-Arafi and Thabit Azzawi. He was in constant contact with patriots and
revolutionaries
in all Syrian cities such as Dr.
Abdul Rahman Shahbandar
, who agreed with him to start armed operations in
Deir Ezzor
city coinciding with the start of the
Great Syrian Revolution
in
Jabal al-Arab
and
Ghouta
of
Damascus
. He founded a revolutionary group in
Deir ez-Zor
governorate
that carried out several armed operations against the
French forces
, the most prominent of which was the epic of Ain Albu Juma.
[23]
[24]
[25]
Sentenced by the
French
in 1925 to 20 years
imprisonment
where he was imprisoned on the island of
Arwad
, was released after the issuance of the French amnesty in 1937, and died in
Deir Ezzor
in 1944.
[26]
[27]
[28]
Mahmoud Al-Ayyash (Abu Stita)
[
edit
]
He was born in
Deir Ezzor
in 1898 and was known for his dignity and manhood; the people of
Deir Ezzor
were called him "Abu Stita," Formed a revolutionary group with some of his companions, carried out many military operations against the French forces, most notably the epic of Ain Albu Juma, or what modern writers call "Denshway Euphrates."
He was an example of
sacrifice
, recorded great tournaments in the national struggle record to raise the national
flag
high, expel the
occupier
and crush him and teach him a hard lesson, On 5 September 1925, Mahmud Al-Ayyash was executed along with 12
revolutionaries
, The execution by the French military court was carried out by firing squad in northern
Aleppo
.
[29]
Ahmed Al-Ayyash
[
edit
]
Patriot is characterized by strong personality and
generosity
and
magnanimity
; he was elected president of the Workers Union in 1932 following the "Al Meera" incident, where he led a group of men, broke locks, and opened grain stores for people that were
monopolized
by France, he was leading demonstrations against the French and imprisoned more than once for his nationalist positions.
Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash
[
edit
]
One of the prominent person of
Deir Ezzor
, Born in 1911 in the city of
Deir Ezzor
, he served as a real estate judge in
Aleppo
in 1936, then moved to
Maarat al-Nu'man
, then to
Deir Ezzor
, worked in
Damascus
as a judge, In 1941 he was appointed director of
Al-Bab District
in
Aleppo
, where he spent two years and then moved to
Salamiyah District
1944. He resigned in 1943 and returned to practice law in
Deir Ezzor
, Besides a law, he was appointed a lawyer for state cases for several years, He was appointed as a member of the
municipal council
in
Deir Ezzor
in 1944.
[30]
[31]
[32]
He founded the Cultural House Club in
Deir Ezzor
in 1944, where he gave his literary and historical lectures and invited most of the
Euphrates
intellectuals at that time, among the guests was the great poet Mohammed Al-Furati. The club was closed during the era of President
Hosni Al-Zaim
in 1948, although it was owned by Mr. Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash and cover his expenses through his own money.
[33]
[34]
[35]
In 1945 he published the Voice of the
Euphrates
magazine at his own expense, the first monthly cultural magazine in
Deir Ezzor
, its articles were limited to the definition of the
civilization
of the
Euphrates
valley and the history of its cities and describe its economy and codify and highlight its famous
heritage
.
[36]
He founded and headed the "Adiyat" Society in
Deir Ezzor
in 1958; He presided over the Supreme Council for the Welfare of Arts, Letters and Social Sciences in the
United Arab Republic
in 1961, where he remained fighting for the codification of the
Euphrates
Valley civilization. He was a member of the
Arab Writers Union
, the
Geographical
Society and the
Scientific Research
Society at
Damascus University
.
[37]
He founded the first museum in the city of
Deir al-Zour
in 1957 and known as the Museum of
folk traditions
, The current
Deir ez-Zor
Museum still contains many archaeological collections of Mr. Al-Ayyash, which he bought from his own money and
Donated
to the museum. The
Syrian
Ministry of Culture
has published a dictionary of
Syrian
authors that written by Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash in 1982, and the
Ministry
of Folklore also issued three books that written by him.
[38]
[39]
[40]
He died in
Deir Ezzor
in 1974 after he enriched the
Arab
Library with more than 117 books in the field of history,
folklore
and literature, President
Hafez al-Assad
described him in his
condolence
message that sent to his relative "Lost of the homeland".
[41]
[42]
[43]
The epic of Ain Albu Gomaa
[
edit
]
There were contacts between the leaders of the
Great Syrian Revolution
and some patriots of
Syrian
east area as Mohammed ?Al-Ayyash, who met in
Damascus
with Dr.
Abdul Rahman Shahbandar
, leader of the People's Party, and discussed with him the issue of extending the revolution to the
Euphrates
region and opened a front against the
French
to disperse their forces and ease the pressure on the rebels of
Ghouta
and
Jabal al-Arab
, after returned Mohammed Al-Ayyash from
Damascus
he started to arouse the enthusiasm of the people of
Deir Ezzor
and invite them to fight, and agreed with his brother Mahmoud to go to the Villages of the Albu Saraya
clan
that living west of
Deir ez-Zor
and which have a strong friendship with his father Ayyash Al-Haj, to form revolutionary groups with them to strike the
French forces
.
[44]
[45]
[46]
Mohammed Al-Ayyash managed to form a revolutionary group of thirteen armed men who were ready to take any military action against the
French forces
, They are:
[47]
- Mahmoud Al-Ayyash
- Hakami Al-Abed Al-Salameh (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Aziz Al-Ali Al-Salamah (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Haji Ali Al-Abed Al-Salama (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Hassan Al-Abed Al-Salamah (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Hamza Al-Abed Al-Salama (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Aslibi Masoud Al-Abdul Jalil (Al-Shumaitiya Village).
- Khaleef Al-Hassan Al-Muhammad (Al-Kuraitia Village).
- Lions of Hamdan (Al-Kuraitia Village).
- Ahmed Al-Hassan (Al-Kuraitia Village).
- Hameed Al-Sultan (Al-Kuraitia Village).
- Abdullah Al-Khalaf Ibrahim (
Deir Ezzor
city).
- Hamad Bin Rdaini ?
Al-Baggara
tribe
.
Some people worked with the
French
at translation centers and others. Still, they were at the service of the
revolutionaries
which They were bringing news to Mohammed Al-Ayyash about the situation and movements of the
French
and their activities and the timing of their military operations and Mohammed Al-Ayyash guides the
revolutionaries
to strike the
French forces
.
In early June 1925, the translators informed Mohammed Bey ?Al-Ayyash that a military vehicle carrying four
French officers
who had come from France to inspect the
French military
construction departments in
Syria
and
Lebanon
, accompanied by their French driver, would leave
Deir Ezzor
on its way to
Aleppo
. He instructed his brother Mahmoud to set up an ambush in the area of Ain Albu Gomaa on the road to
Deir Ezzor
Al-Raqqa
, where the highway runs through profound
valley
and has a narrow stone bridge.
[48]
When the military vehicle arrived, the
revolutionaries
attacked and arrested the
officers
and took them with their car after they took their weapons to a
desert
called "Al-Aksiyya," and threw them with their driver in one of the abandoned wells where they died.
[49]
The French were mad for losing contact with their
officers
and began an extensive campaign included
planes
to search for them, and when they found their bodies and inquired about the informants of the names of the
revolutionaries
, they sent a sizeable military force equipped with
Heavy guns
and planes to attack Albu Saraya
clan
and
blockade
it.
If each of the criminals, who committed this terrible offense deserve dying once, the gang leader Mohammed Al-Ayyash deserves hanging twice.
Officer Bono 1925.
[50]
French
planes began bombing the
villages
of the
clan
, it was a horrific and devastating bombardment where the houses were destroyed on the heads of children and women and killed the livestock and burned farms and
crops
, Some civilians were killed and among them were "Hanash Al-Mousa Al-Ani," "Ali Al-Najras," and a woman who was pregnant. Many were wounded by
bullets
and shrapnel from
planes
bombs
, All of this was to pressure on the people to surrender the
revolutionaries
.
When the
French
convinced that the
bombing
did not work, they resorted to a despicable means where they threatened to arrest the women of the
revolutionaries
, their mothers and sisters until the
revolutionaries
surrender themselves to the
French
, when the news arrived at the
revolutionaries
, they emerged from their hideouts and surrendered themselves to avoid arresting their women.
[51]
Revolutionaries
were tried in
Aleppo
, where The family of Ayyash Al-Haj appointed lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal to defend her, The court heard (officer Bono) head of the
French intelligence
in
Deir Ezzor
, who said: If each of the criminals, who committed this terrible offense deserve
dying
once, the
gang
leader Mohammed Al-Ayyash deserves
hanging
twice.
[52]
The French High Commissioner in
Beirut
,
Maurice Sarrail
, issued Decision No. 49S / 5 in August 1925, which ordered the
exile
of all members of the Ayyash Al-Haj family to the city of
Jableh
, Mahmoud Al-Ayyash and 12 of his companions were sentenced to death. The execution was carried out by firing squad on 15 September 1925 in
Aleppo
. Muhammad Al-Ayyash was sentenced to 20 years imprisonment on the island of
Arwad
in
Tartous
city.
[53]
Death
[
edit
]
Shortly after Ayyash al-Haj family's living in
Jableh
, The
French
authorities assassinated Ayyash Al-Haj in a cafe outside the city by
poisoning
his coffee, and prevented the transfer of his body to
Deir Ezzor
city for reasons of public security, He was buried in
Jableh
in the cemetery of sultan
Ibrahim ibn Adham
mosque where the absent prayers held for the spirit of this martyr
mujahid
in all the
Syrian
cities, He was lamented by many poets of
Deir Ezzor
, as the great poet Mohammed Al-Furati.
[54]
[55]
[56]
See also
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
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Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
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- ^
"Memoirs of Lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal"
.
Al-Furat Magazine
: 28. 2009.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2018).
"Abdelkader Ayyash in his folk museum"
.
The Culture and Heritage of Deir Ezzor
.
Alt URL
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
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- ^
"Memoirs of Lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal"
.
Al-Furat Magazine
: 28. 2009.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2018).
"Abdelkader Ayyash in his folk museum"
.
The Culture and Heritage of Deir Ezzor
.
Alt URL
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2019).
Golden Biography ? Deir Ez-Zor Bride of the Euphrates and the Syrian island
. Syria - Damascus: House of the Raslan Foundation for Printing. pp. 320?321.
ISBN
9789933005962
.
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"Memoirs of Lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal"
.
Al-Furat Magazine
: 28. 2009.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2018).
"Abdelkader Ayyash in his folk museum"
.
The Culture and Heritage of Deir Ezzor
.
Alt URL
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
"Deir Ezzor in the Syrian National Social Party"
.
Al-Benaa Newspaper
. 2015.
- ^
Fattouh, Issa (2017).
"Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash Researcher and historian"
.
Almarifa Magazine
.
646
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- ^
Morshed, Faisal (2016).
"Druze Unitarians and the Syrian Revolution"
.
Sasapost
.
Archived
from the original on 3 October 2019.
Alt URL
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Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
"Deir Ezzor in the Syrian National Social Party"
.
Al-Benaa Newspaper
. 2015.
- ^
Fattouh, Issa (2017).
"Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash Researcher and historian"
.
Almarifa Magazine
.
646
: 153?159.
- ^
Morshed, Faisal (2016).
"Druze Unitarians and the Syrian Revolution"
.
Sasapost
.
Archived
from the original on 3 October 2019.
Alt URL
- ^
"Memoirs of Lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal"
.
Al-Furat Magazine
: 28. 2009.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2018).
"Abdelkader Ayyash in his folk museum"
.
The Culture and Heritage of Deir Ezzor
.
Alt URL
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
"Memoirs of Lawyer Fathallah Al-Saqqal"
.
Al-Furat Magazine
: 28. 2009.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2018).
"Abdelkader Ayyash in his folk museum"
.
The Culture and Heritage of Deir Ezzor
.
Alt URL
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Al-Shaheen, Mazen Mohammad Fayez (2009).
History of Deir Ezzor Governorate
. Syria - Deir ezzor: Dar Alturath. p. 753.
- ^
Sheikh Khafaji, Ghassan (2019).
Golden Biography ? Deir Ez-Zor Bride of the Euphrates and the Syrian island
. Syria - Damascus: House of the Raslan Foundation for Printing. pp. 320?321.
ISBN
9789933005962
.
- ^
"Deir Ezzor in the Syrian National Social Party"
.
Al-Benaa Newspaper
. 2015.
- ^
Fattouh, Issa (2017).
"Abdul Qader Al-Ayyash Researcher and historian"
.
Almarifa Magazine
.
646
: 153?159.
- ^
Morshed, Faisal (2016).
"Druze Unitarians and the Syrian Revolution"
.
Sasapost
.
Archived
from the original on 3 October 2019.
Alt URL
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