66th chapter of the Qur'an
Sura
66 of the
Quran
???????
At-Ta?r?m
The Banning
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Classification
| Medinan
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Other names
| The Prohibition, The Forbidding
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Position
| Juz?
28
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No.
of
Rukus
| 2
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No.
of
verses
| 12
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|
At-Ta?r?m
(
Arabic
:
???????
, "Banning, Prohibition") is the 66th
Surah
or chapter of the
Quran
and contains 12 verses (
ayah
).
[1]
This Surah deals with questions regarding
Muhammad's wives
.
[2]
[3]
The Surah's name is derived from the words
lima tuharrimu
of the first verse. This is not a title of its subject matter, but the name implies that it is the Surah in which the incident of tahrim (prohibition, forbiddance) has been mentioned.
[4]
Summary
[
edit
]
- 1
Muhammad
reproved for making a vow to please
his wives
- 2
He is relieved from his vow
- 3-5
Muhammad's wives (Aisha & Hafsa) admonished for their jealousy in the affair of Zaynab bint Jahsh, Muhammad's another wife.
[5]
- 6-8
Exhortation
to believers to exercise faith,
repentance
etc.
- 9
Muhammad commanded to treat infidels and hypocrites with severity
- 10-12
The
wives of Noah, Lot
,
Pharaoh
, and the
daughter of Imran
examples to Muslim women
[6]
Probable date of revelation
[
edit
]
In connection with the incident of Tahrim referred to in this Surah, the traditions of the Hadith mentions the affair regarding the three ladies who were among the wives of Muhammad at that time;
Safiyya bint Huyayy
, Zainab Bint Jahsh and
Maria al-Qibtiyya
. The former (i. e. Safiyyah) was taken to wife by Muhammad after the
conquest of Khaiber
, and Khaiber was conquered, as has been unanimously reported, in A. H. 7. The other lady, Mariyah, had been presented to Muhammad by
Al-Muqawqis
, the ruler of Egypt, in A. H. 7, whom Muhammed had known to freed and married her according to Ibn Kathir and had borne him his son,
Ibrahim ibn Muhammad
, in
Dhu al-Hijjah
, A. H. 8. Another Hadith tradition mentions about the honey incident which have been known to take place in A. H. 8. These historical events almost precisely determine that this Surah was sent down some time during A. H. 7
[7]
or A. H .8.
[8]
[9]
Asbab al-nuzul
[
edit
]
Asb?b al-nuz?l
, an
Arabic
term meaning "occasions/circumstances of revelation", is a secondary genre of Qur'anic
exegesis
(
tafsir
) directed at establishing the context in which specific
verses
of the
Qur'an
were revealed. Though of some use in reconstructing the Qur'an's historicity,
asb?b
is by nature an
exegetical
rather than a
historiographical
genre, and as such usually associates the verses it explicates with general situations rather than specific events. According to Sale, the occasion of this chapter was as follows: "There are some who suppose this passage to have been occasioned by Muhammad’s protesting never to eat honey any more, because, having once eaten some in the apartment of
Hafsa bint Umar
or of
Zaynab bint Jahsh
, three other of his wives, namely,
Aisha
,
Sawda bint Zam?a
, and
Safiyya bint Huyayy
, all told him they smelt he had been eating of the juice which distils from certain shrubs in those parts, and resembles honey in taste and consistency, but is of a very strong savour, and which the Prophet had a great aversion to."
[10]
Muhammad al-Bukhari
recorded that
Aisha
narrated:
The Prophet (?) used to stay (for a period) in the house of
Zaynab bint Jahsh
(one of the wives of the Prophet ) and he used to drink honey in her house.
Hafsa bint Umar
and I decided that when the Prophet (?) entered upon either of us, she would say, "I smell in you the bad smell of Maghafir (a bad smelling raisin). Have you eaten Maghafir?" When he entered upon one of us, she said that to him. He replied (to her), "No, but I have drunk honey in the house of
Zaynab bint Jahsh
, and I will never drink it again." Then the following verse was revealed: 'O Prophet ! Why do you ban (for you) that which Allah has made lawful for you?. ..(up to) If you two (wives of the Prophet (?) turn in repentance to Allah.' (66.1-4) The two were `Aisha and Hafsa And also the Statement of Allah: 'And (Remember) when the Prophet (?) disclosed a matter in confidence to one of his wives!' (66.3) i.e., his saying, "But I have drunk honey."...
[11]
Hadith
[
edit
]
- Sa'id ibn Jubayr
narrated that
Ibn 'Abbas
said: "A man came to him and said: 'I have made my wife forbidden to myself.' He said: 'You are lying, she is not forbidden to you.' Then he recited this Verse: 'O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.'(At-Tahrim) (And he said): 'You have to offer the severest form of expiation: Freeing a slave.'"
[12]
- 'Ubaid bin 'Umair narrated from 'Aishah, the wife of the Prophet: "The Prophet used to stay with Zainab bint Jahsh and drink honey at her house. Hafsah and I agreed that if the Prophet came to either of us, she would say: 'I detect the smell of Maghafir (a nasty-smelling gum) on you; have you eaten Maghafir?' He came to one of them and she said that to him. Then the following was revealed: 'O Prophet! Why do you forbid (for yourself) that which Allah has allowed to you.' 'If you two turn in repentance to Allah, (it will be better for you).' Addressing 'Aishah and Hafsah; 'And (remember) when the Prophet disclosed a matter in confidence to one of his wives.' refers to him saying: "No, rather I drank honey." Another authentic hadith mentioned in Sunan an-Nasa'i.
Sunan an-Nasa'i 3421 ? Amrayn
- Narrated `Aisha: Allah's Messenger used to love sweet edible things and honey.
Hadith 5431 of the book of foods (meals) by sahih al bukhari
Placement and coherence with other surahs
[
edit
]
The idea of textual relation between the verses of a chapter has been discussed under various titles such as
nazm
and
munasabah
in non-English literature and
coherence
,
text relations
,
intertextuality
, and
unity
in English literature.
Hamiduddin Farahi
, an
Islamic
scholar of the
Indian subcontinent
, is known for his work on the concept of nazm, or coherence, in the Quran.
Fakhruddin al-Razi
(died 1209 CE), Zarkashi (died 1392) and several other classical as well as contemporary Quranic scholars have contributed to the studies.
[13]
This surah is the last surah of 6th group of surahs which starts from surah
Qaf
(50) and runs till At-Tahrim(66) and the recurring theme of this section of
Quran
is
Arguments on afterlife and the requirements of faith in it
.
[14]
[
circular reference
]
With regards to the subject-matter, this surah forms a pair with the previous one (
At-Talaq
).
[15]
Tadabbur-i-Quran
is a
tafsir
(exegeses) of the
Qur'an
by
Amin Ahsan Islahi
based on the concept of thematic and structural coherence, which was originally inspired by
Allama Hamiduddin Farahi
. The tafsir is extended over nine volumes of six thousand pages. It describes At-Tahrim as a supplement to the previous surah with respect to the central theme.
[16]
According to
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
Surah al-Talaq (65) and Surah al-Tahrim (66) both these surahs form a pair with regard to their subject-matter. In the first surah, the limits which should be observed by a believer while parting from wives are explained while in the second surah, the limits he should observe at instances of expressing love to them are described. Both surahs are addressed to the Muslims, and it is evident from their subject-matter that they were revealed in Madinah in the tazkiyah wa tathir phase of Muhammad’s preaching mission.
[17]
[18]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"Tanzil - Quran Navigator | ?????? ??????"
.
tanzil.net
.
- ^
"The Meaning of the Qur'an"
. English Tafsir.
- ^
"Translation of Quran In English"
. Ahadees.com.
- ^
"Tanzil - Quran Navigator | ?????? ??????"
.
- ^
"QuranX.com The most complete Quran / Hadith / Tafsir collection available!"
.
quranx.com
. Retrieved
10 October
2023
.
- ^
Wherry, Elwood Morris
(1896).
A Complete Index to
Sale's Text
, Preliminary Discourse, and Notes
. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
- ^
Muhammad Asad
-
The Message of The Qur'an
- (1980), an influential translation and interpretation of the Qur'an
- ^
Abul A'la Maududi
-
Tafhim-ul-Quran
- ^
Al-Zamakhshari
- ^
George Sale
- Mohammed, The Quran, vol. 4 [1896]
- ^
Sahih al-Bukhari
6691
In-book reference : Book 83, Hadith 68
USC-MSA web (English) reference : Vol. 8, Book 78, Hadith 682
(deprecated numbering scheme)
- ^
Sunan an-Nasa'i
3420
In-book reference : Book 27, Hadith 32
English translation : Vol. 4, Book 27, Hadith 3449
- ^
Hamiduddin Farahi, translated by Tariq Mahmood Hashmi
(2008).
Exordium to coherence in the Quran : an English translation of F?ti?ah Ni??m al-Qur??n
(1st ed.). Lahore: al-Mawrid.
ISBN
978-9698799571
.
- ^
Tadabbur-i-Quran
- ^
Israr Ahmed
- Bayan ul Quran
- ^
Amin Ahsan Islahi
-
Tadabbur-i-Quran
- Chapter 65 & 66
- ^
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
- ^
"Quran Meta Information"
.
Website for Javed Ahmad Ghamidi
.
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
At-Tahrim
.
Wikisource
has original text related to this article:
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1-20
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21-40
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41-60
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61-80
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81-100
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101-114
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Types
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Islamic honored women
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Generations of
Adam
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Generations of
Ibr?h?m
and his sons
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Generation of
M?sa
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Reign of Kings
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House of
Imran
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Time of
Muhammad
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People and things in the
Quran
|
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Mentioned
| Ulul-?Azm
('Those of the
Perseverance
and Strong Will')
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Debatable ones
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Implied
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| People of Prophets
|
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Good ones
|
- Adam's immediate relatives
- Believer of Ya-Sin
- Family of Noah
- Luqman's son
- People of Abraham
- People of Jesus
- People of Solomon
- Zayd
(Muhammad's adopted son)
People of
Joseph
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People of
Aaron and Moses
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Evil ones
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Implied or
not specified
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| Groups
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Mentioned
| Tribes,
ethnicities
or families
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Implicitly
mentioned
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Religious
groups
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Locations
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Mentioned
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Implied
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Events, incidents, occasions or times
|
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| Battles or
military expeditions
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Days
|
- Al-
Jumu?ah
(The Friday)
- As-
Sabt
(The Sabbath or Saturday)
- Days of battles
- Days of Hajj
- Doomsday
|
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Months of the
Islamic calendar
|
- 12 months: Four holy months
|
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Pilgrimages
|
- Al-
?ajj
(literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)
- Al-?
Umrah
(The Lesser Pilgrimage)
|
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Times for prayer
or remembrance
| Times for
Du???
('
Invocation
'),
?al?h
and
Dhikr
('Remembrance', including
Ta?m?d
('Praising'),
Takb?r
and
Tasb??
):
- Al-?Ashiyy
(The Afternoon or the Night)
- Al-Ghuduww
('The Mornings')
- Al-Bukrah
('The Morning')
- A?-?ab??
('The Morning')
- Al-Layl
('The Night')
- A?-
?uhr
('The Noon')
- Dul?k ash-Shams
('Decline of the Sun')
- Al-
Mas??
('The Evening')
- Qabl al-
Ghur?b
('Before the Setting (of the Sun)')
- Al-A??l
('The Afternoon')
- Al-
?A?r
('The Afternoon')
- Qabl ?ul?? ash-Shams
('Before the rising of the Sun')
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Implied
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Other
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Holy books
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Objects
of people
or beings
| Mentioned idols
(cult images)
| Of Israelites
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Of Noah's people
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Of Quraysh
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Celestial
bodies
| Ma??b??
(literally 'lamps'):
- Al-Qamar
(The Moon)
- Kaw?kib
(Planets)
- Nuj?m
(Stars)
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Plant matter
|
Ba?al
(Onion)
F?m
(Garlic or wheat)
Sha??
(Shoot)
S?q
(Plant stem)
Zar?
(Seed)
Fruits
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Bushes, trees
or plants
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Liquids
|
- M??
(Water or fluid)
- Nahr
(River)
- Yamm
(River or sea)
- Shar?b
(Drink)
|
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Note:
Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)
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International
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National
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Other
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