American architect
Arnold W. Brunner
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Born
| (
1857-09-25
)
September 25, 1857
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Died
| February 14, 1925
(1925-02-14)
(aged 67)
New York City, U.S.
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Nationality
| American
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Alma mater
| Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Occupation
| Architect
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Arnold William Brunner
(September 25, 1857 ? February 14, 1925) was an American
architect
who was born and died in
New York City
. Brunner was educated in New York and in
Manchester
,
England
. He attended the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, where he studied under
William R. Ware
. Early in his career, he worked in the architectural office of
George B. Post
. He was a Fellow of the
American Institute of Architects
after 1892 and was appointed by Theodore Roosevelt to the
United States Commission of Fine Arts
in Washington, D.C. He was a member of the New York Fine Arts Commission, the American Civic Association, The
Century Association
, The Engineer's Club,
The Players
, the
Cosmos Club
in Washington D.C., the
National Institute of Arts and Letters
, The Union Club of Cleveland, and several other organizations. In 1910, he was elected to the
National Academy of Design
as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1916. Brunner was also known as a city planner, and made significant contributions to the city plans of
Cleveland, Ohio
,
Rochester, New York
,
Baltimore, Maryland
,
Denver, Colorado
,
Trenton, New Jersey
, and
Albany, New York
. Brunner was, for a short time, partnered with
Thomas Tryon
as the firm Brunner & Tryon.
Notable works
[
edit
]
Brunner designed several notable buildings including, with Tryon, the 1897
Congregation Shearith Israel
, on
Central Park West
, New York, to house the United States' oldest Jewish congregation, founded in 1654.
[1]
No attempt was made to convey an "eastern" vocabulary, as was often being done for other Jewish congregations: Brunner and Tryon provided a forthright Roman Baroque temple with a projecting three-bay center that contrasts with the windowless ashlar masonry flanking it and contains a recessed
loggia
entrance under three large arch-headed windows, articulated by a colossal order of Corinthian columns surmounted by a pediment over a paneled attic frieze.
Another synagogue designed by Brunner was
Temple Israel
at 201
Lenox Avenue
, at
120th Street
, in 1907.
[2]
: 270
The limestone building was not designed in the typical
Moorish Revival
style of other synagogues of the time; Brunner argued that "synagogues have no traditional lines of architectural expression".
[2]
: 152
According to
David W. Dunlap
, the building "looks like a
Roman temple
until you notice the
Stars of David
in the
column capitals
,
fanlights
, and
spandrel
panels",
[2]
: 152
and "may rank as the single best
Neoclassical
synagogue in Manhattan".
[2]
: 270
Students' Hall
at
Barnard College
was built in 1916 and listed on the
National Register of Historic Places
in 2003.
[3]
Brunner also designed improvements at the
Pennsylvania State Capitol
in Harrisburg, the Stadium of the College of the City of New York (also known as
Lewisohn Stadium
), and the
Asser Levy Public Baths
and
Mount Sinai Hospital
in New York City. Brunner also designed the
U.S. Post Office, Custom House and Courthouse
(1910) in the
Group Plan
conceived by
Daniel Burnham
,
John Carrere
, and Brunner in 1903 to create a new urbanistic center for
Cleveland, Ohio
, which was a rare realisation of a "
City Beautiful
" plan.
[4]
Other work in Ohio included the Monumental Bridge in
Toledo
and
Denison University
in
Granville, Ohio
. He also won the competition for the design of the U.S. State Department Building in Washington D.C.
[5]
Brunner designed a
bascule bridge
over the
Maumee River
in
Toledo, Ohio
, that remains in use today, as the
Martin Luther King Bridge
.
[6]
Brunner's design introduced an innovative design for keeping
streetcar
power lines taut, yet allowing them to be safely raised with the bridge deck.
[7]
Other lift bridges copied this innovation.
Gallery
[
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]
References
[
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]
Notes
- ^
Congregation Shearith Israel
Archived
February 17, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine
, Building Report,
International Survey of Jewish Monuments
. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
- ^
a
b
c
d
Dunlap, David W.
(2004).
From Abyssinian to Zion: A Guide to Manhattan's Houses of Worship
. New York:
Columbia University Press
.
ISBN
0-231-12543-7
.
- ^
"National Register Information System"
.
National Register of Historic Places
.
National Park Service
. March 13, 2009.
- ^
Encyclopedia of Cleveland
.
- ^
"
Arnold Brunner
Archived
2007-09-27 at the
Wayback Machine
," Brief Biographies of American Architects: Who Died Between 1897 and 1947,
Society of Architectural Historians
. Retrieved 3 April 2007.
- ^
"The American city, Volume 11"
.
American City Magazine Corporation
. 1914
. Retrieved
2012-05-22
.
The Ohio bridge was designed by Arnold W. Brunner, architect, and Ralph Modjeski, consulting engineer.
- ^
Electric railway journal, Volume 42
.
McGraw Hill
. 1913. p. 967
. Retrieved
2012-05-22
.
A novel arrangement for taking up slack in the trolley wire over a bascule bridge when the span is raised has been installed by the Toledo Railways & Light Company on the Cherry Street bridge at ...
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