1985 Japanese manga series and its franchise
Area 88
(
エリア88
,
Eria Hachij?-Hachi
)
is a Japanese
manga
series by
Kaoru Shintani
serialized
between 1979 and 1986. The story is about a young pilot named Shin Kazama and his experiences at Area 88, a
mercenary
air force base
secluded in the desert of afghanistania. Shin goes from head of his class at a world-renowned
aviation school
, dating the beautiful daughter of an
airline
president, to a mercenary
fighter pilot
bound to Area 88 by a three-year contract that he was duped into signing by a jealous and competitive childhood friend. He is determined to earn $1.5 million to buy his way out of the obligation and return home, and killing becomes second nature to him as he quickly rises to the top rank at Area 88. Overwrought with
shame
and
self-loathing
for what he has become, Shin begins to question whether he is still fighting for survival, or, like his fellow
mercenaries
, for the sheer excitement and camaraderie of battle.
Area 88
was among the first three manga to be
translated
into
English
and published in
North America
.
[1]
It had been adapted into an
OVA
in 1985,
[2]
[3]
a
video game
in 1989 (released in North America as
U.N. Squadron
), and a 12-episode anime television series in 2004. It is also a
brand
of
model aircraft
in Japan. While it appeals to
aviation
fans for its realistic depictions of
aircraft
and
aerial combat
, it has also been critically acclaimed for its strong
character development
and Shintani's poignant
storytelling
, combining
action
,
tragedy
,
romance
, and
comedy
. In 1984, the manga received the
Shogakukan Manga Award
for sh?nen.
[4]
Story
[
edit
]
Synopsis
[
edit
]
Area 88
takes place in the fictional
Middle Eastern
kingdom of Aslan
[5]
(
alternatively transcribed
as "Asran").
[6]
The government uses
mercenary
fighter pilots, stationed at the desert airbase Area 88, to fight its war and pays them for each enemy aircraft shot down. Each pilot's contract lasts three years; early cancellation costs $1.5 million.
[5]
Deserting Area 88 is considered a capital offense punished by death.
The story follows ace pilot Shin Kazama as he attempts to serve out his contract to return to his fiancee in Japan. As the war progresses, Shin must face his shifting acceptance of the violence that fills his days. Among his compatriots at Area 88 are: Mickey Simon, a
United States Navy
veteran of the
Vietnam War
; McCoy, a greedy weapons dealer who sells the pilots everything they need; photojournalist Goh "Rocky" Mutsugi (Makoto Shinjou in the TV series);
Danish
pilot Greg Gates; and Lt. Colonel Saki Vashtar, a member of Aslan's royal family and the commander of Area 88.
Shin's past is told through flashbacks during the story. He and his best friend, Satoru Kanzaki, were up-and-coming airline pilots for Yamato Airlines, and Shin had started a relationship with the CEO's daughter, Ryoko Tsugumo. Jealous of Shin's success, Satoru tricked him into signing the contract that landed him in Area 88. While Shin fights in the bloody war, Satoru courts Ryoko and rises through the ranks of Yamato Airlines. Ryoko discovers Shin is still alive through one of Goh's/Makoto's photos and resolves to find him.
Endings
[
edit
]
While each version of
Area 88
shared the same basic premise and some story arcs, they each had key differences, most notably in the endings.
The original manga ending showed Shin returning to Japan, but having lost all memory of Area 88. The English-language version published by
Eclipse Comics
was left unfinished.
In the three-episode OVA adaptation from 1985, Shin was discharged from service to escort the king of Aslan to Paris in
exile
. Despite being free and making contact with Ryoko, Shin flies back to Aslan, having changed in his time at Area 88. His ultimate fate is left uncertain.
The 2004 TV series truncated the story to just after Shin lost his F-5E. In this version, Makoto, the photojournalist, was originally sent to Area 88 by Satoru to capture a photo of Shin dying to prove his death to Ryoko. Shin survives the events of the series and Makoto, swayed to help Shin, returns to Japan and derails Satoru's plot to marry Ryoko.
Aircraft
[
edit
]
Many real-life aircraft are featured in the series, including combat, civilian, and experimental aircraft.
- Attackers
- Cargo aircraft
- Fighters and interceptors
- Patrol aircraft
- Trainers
- Bombers
- Civilian
- Helicopters
Media
[
edit
]
Manga
[
edit
]
The original Japanese manga of
Area 88
was serialized in 23 volumes between 1979 and 1986 by
Shogakukan
.
[7]
Each volume was black and white with a painted color cover and contained several short stories called "missions". In all, there were 172 such missions across the 23 volumes.
Sh?nen Sunday
later repackaged the 23 volumes into ten thick books under its Wide Volume product line.
Area 88
, along with
Mai, the Psychic Girl
and
The Legend of Kamui
, was one of the first three manga to be translated to English and published in North America by
Eclipse Comics
and
VIZ Media
in May 1987.
[1]
It was published bi-weekly with each issue containing a single mission, of which the editors had planned to release all 172. The first 28 issues featured covers from the original manga plus some original artwork by Shintani, but as these resources were limited, the covers of issues #29?36 featured stills from the OVA film. With issue #37 in December 1988, VIZ Media took over the series, and in addition to featuring photographs of actual fighter jets on the cover, the publication went from bi-weekly to monthly and the price from $1.50 to $1.75. The series did not adjust well to the dramatic change, and with issue #42 in May 1989, without resolving the storyline, it was canceled. It was later run as a feature in Viz's
Animerica
magazine (Vol. 1, No. 8 ? Vol. 3, No. 2), but only lasted until January 1995 without the series being completed.
- Shogakukan
(
Shonen Big Comics
, 1979?1986)
Vol.
|
Japanese release date
|
Japanese ISBN
|
01
|
November 5, 1979
(
1979-11-05
)
|
978-4091501318
|
02
|
February 5, 1980
(
1980-02-05
)
|
978-4091501325
|
03
|
June 5, 1980
(
1980-06-05
)
|
978-4091501332
|
04
|
September 5, 1980
(
1980-09-05
)
|
978-4091501349
|
05
|
December 5, 1980
(
1980-12-05
)
|
978-4091501356
|
06
|
June 5, 1981
(
1981-06-05
)
|
978-4091501363
|
07
|
September 5, 1981
(
1981-09-05
)
|
978-4091501370
|
08
|
January 5, 1982
(
1982-01-05
)
|
978-4091501387
|
09
|
April 5, 1982
(
1982-04-05
)
|
978-4091501394
|
10
|
August 5, 1982
(
1982-08-05
)
|
978-4091501400
|
11
|
November 5, 1982
(
1982-11-05
)
|
978-4091503312
|
12
|
April 5, 1983
(
1983-04-05
)
|
978-4091503329
|
13
|
August 5, 1983
(
1983-08-05
)
|
978-4091503336
|
14
|
December 5, 1983
(
1983-12-05
)
|
978-4091503343
|
15
|
May 5, 1984
(
1984-05-05
)
|
978-4091503350
|
16
|
September 5, 1984
(
1984-09-05
)
|
978-4091503367
|
17
|
December 5, 1984
(
1984-12-05
)
|
978-4091503374
|
18
|
April 5, 1985
(
1985-04-05
)
|
978-4091503381
|
19
|
July 5, 1985
(
1985-07-05
)
|
978-4091503398
|
20
|
October 5, 1985
(
1985-10-05
)
|
978-4091503404
|
21
|
January 5, 1986
(
1986-01-05
)
|
978-4091506115
|
22
|
August 5, 1986
(
1986-08-05
)
|
978-4091506122
|
23
|
September 5, 1986
(
1986-09-05
)
|
978-4091506139
|
- Shogakukan
(
Shonen Big Comics Wide-ban
, 1979?1986)
- Scola
(
Scola Manga Bunko
, 1994)
- Media Factory
(
MF Bunko
, 1999?2000)
- Kadokawa/Media Factory
(
MF Comics
, 2003?2004)
Vol.
|
Japanese release date
|
Japanese ISBN
|
01
|
September 30, 2003
(
2003-09-30
)
|
978-4889919585
|
02
|
September 30, 2003
(
2003-09-30
)
|
978-4040682495
|
03
|
October 23, 2003
(
2003-10-23
)
|
978-4040685014
|
04
|
October 23, 2003
(
2003-10-23
)
|
978-4040685021
|
05
|
November 22, 2003
(
2003-11-22
)
|
978-4040685038
|
06
|
November 22, 2003
(
2003-11-22
)
|
978-4040685045
|
07
|
December 22, 2003
(
2003-12-22
)
|
978-4040685212
|
08
|
December 22, 2003
(
2003-12-22
)
|
978-4040685229
|
09
|
January 23, 2004
(
2004-01-23
)
|
978-4040685236
|
10
|
January 23, 2004
(
2004-01-23
)
|
978-4040685243
|
11
|
February 23, 2004
(
2004-02-23
)
|
978-4040685571
|
12
|
February 23, 2004
(
2004-02-23
)
|
978-4040685588
|
13
|
March 23, 2004
(
2004-03-23
)
|
978-4040685595
|
OVA films
[
edit
]
Between February 5, 1985, and August 15, 1986,
[8]
[9]
Studio Pierrot
produced a
direct-to-video animated
film trilogy
for
VHS
and
laserdisc
. In 1992,
Central Park Media
's
U.S. Manga Corps
released the OVA series, subtitled in English, in North America for VHS and laserdisc, and re-released the first volume for DVD on 14 July 2000.
After Central Park Media's films license lapsed,
ADV Films
published a two episode theatrical edit of the OVA trilogy for DVD on 25 July 2006. Although having one less episode, the episodes themselves are longer. They have been reedited so that episode II is divided and added onto the first and the last episode respectively. As such, nothing is actually missing from the ADV collection, despite having a smaller episode count. The 2006 ADV collection is a two-DVD set, and features the original Japanese soundtrack as well as the dubbed English track, performed by the same cast who voiced the English dub of the TV series. The DVD content also includes an interview with Kaoru Shintani, and an introduction to the fighter jets portrayed in the series.
[10]
Discotek Media
re-released the OVA series on October 30, 2018.
Media
[
edit
]
- Area 88: Act I: Blue Skies of Betrayal
(1985, VHS/LD; 1992, VHS; July 14, 2000, DVD)
- Area 88: Act II: The Requirements of Wolves
(1985, VHS/LD; 1992, VHS)
- Area 88: Act III: Burning Mirage
(1986, VHS/LD; 1992, VHS)
- Area 88: Original OVA Series
(July 25, 2006, DVD)
Anime television
[
edit
]
An updated 12-episode anime television series with
CG graphics
, produced by
TV Asahi
,
Animax
,
Group TAC
and
Media Factory
, began production in 2003 and premiered across Japan on
TV Asahi
and the anime
satellite television
network,
Animax
from 8 January 2004 to 5 March 2004, which later aired the series across its other respective networks worldwide, including
Hong Kong
,
Southeast Asia
,
South Asia
,
South Korea
,
Taiwan
, and other regions. The series featured the work of several prominent contemporary
trance music
artists during combat scenes, such as
Rank 1
,
DJ Tiesto
, and
Svenson & Gielen
; official materials called these scenes the "highlight of the work".
[11]
ADV Films
licensed the series for
North American
distribution, releasing the series across the region, with the first DVD volume release being published on June 22, 2005
[12]
and the last volume being released on January 17, 2006.
[13]
The DVD release notably removed the licensed trance music, replacing it with a handful of original compositions by Miyake Kazunori reused across the series.
[
citation needed
]
For the release of the English dub to English-speaking countries, the ADR team at ADV Films sought the assistance of Capt. Kevin "Dumpster" Divers, a USAF officer, to ensure that dialogue had proper Air Force jargon.
[14]
Video games
[
edit
]
A
shoot 'em up
video game by
Capcom
was released in the
arcades
in 1989. It was released in the West as
UN Squadron
. Ports were released for the
Amiga
,
Amstrad CPC
,
Atari ST
,
Commodore 64
,
Super NES
and
ZX Spectrum
.
In the game, the player could choose either Shin, Mickey, or Greg as the pilot to play. Each came with a different plane and various advantages; for example, Mickey could handle air-to-air dogfights well while Greg excelled at air-to-ground attacks. Each pilot also had special abilities; Shin mastered normal weaponry at the highest speed, Mickey inflicted extra damage with his armaments, and Greg recovered from attacks almost before they occurred. The Super NES release offered six fighter planes, with the F-8 Crusader as the default aircraft. The game also included various elements from the series, such as the land carrier.
In 1995,
Family Soft
produced two
Area 88
games for the
PC-9801
.
An October 2014 crossover event took place in
Ace Combat Infinity
where aircraft and emblems used by the main characters of
Area 88
were added to the game. These included Shin's F-5 and F-20, Mickey's F-14, Greg's A-10, and Kim's AV-8.
Board game
[
edit
]
Two special board games based on the franchise were released in the 1980s, but as so-called "Coterie" games, which are preordered editions and only go on limited sale at Japan's Game Market trade show. With mechanics based on the GDW board game
Imperium
, the
Area 88 in Desert War
and
Peace in the Aslan Kingdom
have the game counters, instructions and battle map (a fictional representation of the
Sinai Peninsula
) printed in standard bond paper, with players left to cut up the counters and attach them and the map in
cardstock
.
Toys/model kits
[
edit
]
A line of Area 88 model kits was also produced, which are basically aircraft that are painted as they appeared in the series. Takara released a 1/100 line of aircraft kits, each with a 1/24 pilot figure in the early 1980s to coincide with the original manga stories. Kits included Shin's Crusader, F-5G Tiger II and F-20 Tigershark, Mickey's F-100 and F-14, Saki's Kfir, Greg's A-10, and two planes from the Counter-Governmental Air Force?a Yak-36 Forger and a MiG-27 Flogger-D.
The first release of 1/144 kits by Hasegawa in the early 1990s consisted of Mickey's F-14, Shin's F-8 and F-5, Seilane Balnock's Harrier, and Saki Vashtar's Kfir. Each kit had a 1/12 scale figure of the pilot in resin while the 1/144 plane kits were styrene plastic tooled up by Dragon models in Hong Kong. The third wave, released by Hasegawa in 1996, featured 1/72 kits of the same jets, but this time Hasegawa's own kit moldings were used. They comprised Saki's Kfir, Gregg's A-10, Shin's F-8, F-20, X-29 and Draken, and Mickey's F-14. Hasegawa also produced a 1/48 two-pack set in line with the 2004 TV series, consisting of Shin's F-8 and Mickey's F-14, plus a DVD.
[15]
From January 2004 to December 2005, trading figure company The Other Corp released a line of 1/144
gashapon
miniatures of various modern military aircraft that are painted as according to their actual appearance in the series, despite one of the offerings?the
Su-47 Berkut
?never having appeared at all.
Soundtracks
[
edit
]
- Area 88 Opening Theme: Mission - Fuga
Area 88: Sound File 1 (Released March 17, 2004) - Track listing
[16]
Title
|
---|
1.
| "Mission (FUGA) (TV size)"
|
|
---|
2.
| "Awakening"
|
|
---|
3.
| "Dawn"
|
|
---|
4.
| "Frontier Land"
|
|
---|
5.
| "Dry"
|
|
---|
6.
| "Fight"
|
|
---|
7.
| "Tension"
|
|
---|
8.
| "The Anthem 2003"
|
|
---|
9.
| "Desert Night"
|
|
---|
10.
| "Desert Star"
|
|
---|
11.
| "Desert Sun"
|
|
---|
12.
| "Desert Sunset"
|
|
---|
13.
| "True Makoto"
|
|
---|
14.
| "Loneliness"
|
|
---|
15.
| "Ambition"
|
|
---|
16.
| "Convocation"
|
|
---|
17.
| "Strategy Meeting"
|
|
---|
18.
| "Sortie"
|
|
---|
19.
| "Out of the Blue (Mauro Picotto Remix)"
|
|
---|
20.
| "Flowers of One Wheel"
|
|
---|
21.
| "Heart Shaking"
|
|
---|
22.
| "Tenshi"
|
|
---|
23.
| "Speed of Sound"
|
|
---|
24.
| "Bombed"
|
|
---|
25.
| "Counterattack"
|
|
---|
26.
| "Symsonic (Vocal Mix)"
|
|
---|
27.
| "Ryoko"
|
|
---|
28.
| "Smile"
|
|
---|
29.
| "Warm"
|
|
---|
30.
| "Wrapped"
|
|
---|
31.
| "Far"
|
|
---|
32.
| "Sun Also Rises"
|
|
---|
33.
| "Wings"
|
|
---|
34.
| "Angels Theme (G-Aria) (TV size)"
|
|
---|
35.
| "Dance in the Battlefield (TV size)"
|
|
---|
Area 88: Sound File 2 (Released March 17, 2004) - Track listing
[17]
Title
|
---|
1.
| "Plot"
|
|
---|
2.
| "Ambition"
|
|
---|
3.
| "Destiny"
|
|
---|
4.
| "Trap"
|
|
---|
5.
| "Good Job"
|
|
---|
6.
| "Dancer"
|
|
---|
7.
| "On the Move (DuMonde Remix)"
|
|
---|
8.
| "Dogfight"
|
|
---|
9.
| "Temptation"
|
|
---|
10.
| "A Hell on Earth"
|
|
---|
11.
| "Stand By"
|
|
---|
12.
| "Lock On"
|
|
---|
13.
| "Spread Your Wings"
|
|
---|
14.
| "Step By Step"
|
|
---|
15.
| "Sin"
|
|
---|
16.
| "Solstice"
|
|
---|
17.
| "Ryoko #1"
|
|
---|
18.
| "Ryoko #2"
|
|
---|
19.
| "Ryoko #3"
|
|
---|
20.
| "Memories"
|
|
---|
21.
| "Peace"
|
|
---|
22.
| "Serenity"
|
|
---|
23.
| "Light"
|
|
---|
24.
| "We Know What You Did"
|
|
---|
25.
| "True Sin"
|
|
---|
26.
| "Dance in the Battlefield (English Version)"
|
|
---|
Area 88: Mission Cyber Trance (Released March 25, 2004) - Track listing
[18]
Title
|
---|
1.
| "Mission (FUGA) (Original Extended Mix)"
|
|
---|
2.
| "Awakening"
|
|
---|
3.
| "The Anthem 2003"
|
|
---|
4.
| "Out of the Blue (Mauro Picotto Remix)"
|
|
---|
5.
| "Symsonic (Vocal Mix)"
|
|
---|
6.
| "Tenshi"
|
|
---|
7.
| "Traffic"
|
|
---|
8.
| "Temptation"
|
|
---|
9.
| "Angels Theme (G-Aria) (Wippenberg Dub)"
|
|
---|
10.
| "Solstice"
|
|
---|
11.
| "We Know What You Did"
|
|
---|
12.
| "Obsession"
|
|
---|
13.
| "On the Move (DuMonde Remix)"
|
|
---|
14.
| "Spread Your Wings"
|
|
---|
15.
| "Mission (FUGA) (Rock in Heaven Mix)"
|
|
---|
16.
| "Angels Theme (G-Aria) (Cyber Trance Mix)"
|
|
---|
Reception
[
edit
]
| This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2012
)
|
Martin A. Stever reviewed
Area 88
movies for
Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer
No. 83.
[19]
Stever commented that "The art is impressive, especially the ability to render moving jet aircraft. True to real war, characters are killed with regularity but not without remorse."
[19]
Anime News Network
praised
Area 88
'
s English dub released by ADV, especially with most of it done with the assistance of a consultant from the US Air Force.
[20]
Freetype gave the series a 7.0 out of 10, citing "Intense, fast, adrenaline-pumping dogfight action", while criticizing it for being one-dimensional for lack of some character development, lack of emphasis on action with the morals and drama watered down.
[6]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Episodes 1 and 2 are compiled into a single 100-minute film in the International version.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Ward, Cynthia (June 2, 2004).
"Manga: Another SF/F Trend Missed by SF/F?"
.
Archived
from the original on June 24, 2006
. Retrieved
May 29,
2006
.
- ^
映? アニメ エリア88
[Theatrical Anime: Area 88] (in Japanese). AllCinema Movie & DVD Database
. Retrieved
June 10,
2013
.
- ^
エリア88
[Area 88] (in Japanese).
Japanese Movie Database
. Archived from
the original
on March 14, 2013
. Retrieved
June 10,
2013
.
- ^
小?館漫?賞:?代受賞者
(in Japanese). Shogakukan. Archived from
the original
on September 29, 2007
. Retrieved
August 19,
2007
.
- ^
a
b
"Area 88 DVD 1 - Review"
.
Anime News Network
. August 19, 2005
. Retrieved
August 2,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
"Area 88 (エリア88)"
. Freetype. Archived from
the original
on August 13, 2007
. Retrieved
October 28,
2012
.
- ^
Kaoru Shintani
.
コミックスリスト2
(in Japanese). Archived from
the original
on April 15, 2008
. Retrieved
February 10,
2009
.
- ^
"第269回 OVAの時代始まる"
(in Japanese). Anime Style
. Retrieved
June 10,
2013
.
- ^
"第325回 1986年のOVA"
(in Japanese). Anime Style
. Retrieved
June 10,
2013
.
- ^
"ADV Announces July 25 Releases"
. May 23, 2006. Archived from
the original
on October 20, 2006
. Retrieved
May 30,
2006
.
- ^
"Discography"
. Avex Trance. Archived from
the original
on June 15, 2004
. Retrieved
June 13,
2022
.
- ^
"ADV Deploys Area 88 July 19"
.
Anime News Network
. June 22, 2005
. Retrieved
February 10,
2009
.
- ^
"Gantz 10 Leads Off ADV's Jan 17 Releases"
(Press release).
Anime News Network
. December 17, 2005.
Archived
from the original on February 25, 2009
. Retrieved
February 10,
2009
.
- ^
"A Few Words from the ADR Director"
. ADV Films. Archived from
the original
on December 21, 2005
. Retrieved
October 28,
2012
.
- ^
"Area88 Set w/DVD (Plastic model) Fujimi 1/48 Area 88"
. Archived from
the original
on December 1, 2008
. Retrieved
May 5,
2009
.
- ^
"Release "エリア88 SOUND FILE 1" by 三宅一?"
. MusicBrainz
. Retrieved
January 14,
2012
.
- ^
"Vol. 2-Area 88 Sound File: Japanimation: Amazon.co.uk: Music"
. Amazon.co.uk
. Retrieved
January 14,
2012
.
- ^
"Area 88 Mission Cyber Trance: Japanimation: Amazon.co.uk: Music"
. Amazon.co.uk
. Retrieved
January 14,
2012
.
- ^
a
b
Stever, Martin A. (October?November 1988). "The Ruler".
Space Gamer/Fantasy Gamer
(83).
World Wide Wargames
: 28.
- ^
Theron Martin (August 19, 2005).
"Area 88 DVD 1 Review"
. Anime News Network
. Retrieved
October 28,
2012
.
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